Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Methotrexate is a chemotherapeutic agent frequently utilized for the treatment of malignant, rheumatic, and pulmonary diseases. Although this agent has been extensively used for more than 45 years, there are few reports of immediate systemic hypersensitivity reactions. The reported immediate reactions include anaphylaxis, urticaria, and hepatitis. However, these reactions have been reported to occur only after some prior exposure to methotrexate. No immediate hypersensitivity reactions to methotrexate have been reported during the initial exposure. We describe two patients who developed immediate systemic hypersensitivity reactions during the initial administration of methotrexate. METHODS:The clinical outcomes of two patients treated by the Hematology/Oncology department at a tertiary care military medical center are described. The National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland, was electronically searched for the literature review. RESULTS:Patient 1, a 30-year-old male with localized high grade osteosarcoma of the left distal femur, developed generalized pruritus, urticaria, angioedema, and pharyngeal edema within 10 minutes of receiving the initial administration of intravenous high-dose methotrexate. No other pharmaceutical agents, such as antiemetics, were found to cause symptoms on rechallenge. The severity of this reaction precluded continuation of methotrexate therapy. Patient 2, a 23-year-old male with localized high grade osteosarcoma of the right distal tibia, developed pruritus and urticaria within 30 minutes of receiving the initial administration of intravenous high dose methotrexate. This patient, like most patients with immediate hypersensitivity reactions to methotrexate, developed recurrent symptoms during rechallenge of this agent despite prophylactic premedication. CONCLUSIONS:Unlike prior reports in our literature, our cases demonstrate that anaphylactoid reactions can occur during the initial exposure to methotrexate. Clinicians must be prepared to treat potentially life-threatening reactions with both the initial and subsequent doses of methotrexate.
journal_name
Cancerjournal_title
Cancerauthors
Alkins SA,Byrd JC,Morgan SK,Ward FT,Weiss RBdoi
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960515)77:10<2123::AID-Csubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-05-15 00:00:00pages
2123-6issue
10eissn
0008-543Xissn
1097-0142pii
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960515)77:10<2123::AID-Cjournal_volume
77pub_type
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