Axillary lymph nodes and breast cancer: a review.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:The value of surgical staging and treatment of the axillary lymph nodes with either surgery or radiotherapy in the initial management of patients with Stage I or II invasive breast cancer is controversial. METHODS:A review of retrospective and prospective clinical studies was performed to assess the risks of axillary lymph node involvement and the effectiveness and morbidity of various treatment options. RESULTS:The risk of axillary lymph node involvement is substantial for most patients, even those with small tumors. The morbidity resulting from a careful Level I/II axillary dissection or moderate-dose axillary radiotherapy is limited. Such treatment is highly effective in preventing axillary recurrence. The symptoms resulting from axillary failure can be controlled in many, but not all, patients. The available data suggest, but do not prove, that the initial use of effective axillary treatment may result in a small improvement in long term outcome in some patient subgroups. CONCLUSIONS:Most patients should be treated with either axillary surgery or irradiation. Highly selected subgroups of patients may have such low risks of involvement that specific axillary treatment is of little value. However, such subgroups have not yet been well defined. Treatment approaches that do not involve specific axillary treatment should be considered investigational at present, and the patients should be informed as to their potential risks. Prospective clinical studies of these issues should be pursued.

journal_name

Cancer

journal_title

Cancer

authors

Recht A,Houlihan MJ

doi

10.1002/1097-0142(19951101)76:9<1491::aid-cncr2820

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1995-11-01 00:00:00

pages

1491-512

issue

9

eissn

0008-543X

issn

1097-0142

journal_volume

76

pub_type

杂志文章,评审

相关文献

CANCER文献大全
  • Transformation of Hodgkin's disease into malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

    abstract::The continuity that exists between Hodgkin's disease and the fibrohistiocytoses has only recently been recognized. Four cases are presented that illustrate this phenomenon. The fibrohistiocytic component of the Hodgkin's lesion may lag behind the lymphoreticular component, may be present in equal proportion, or may as...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19860115)57:2<264::aid-cncr28205

    authors: Suster S

    更新日期:1986-01-15 00:00:00

  • Prostate cancer outcomes for men aged younger than 65 years with Medicaid versus private insurance.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In the current national debate regarding private insurance versus Medicaid expansion, understanding how insurance is associated with racial disparities in prostate cancer (CaP) outcomes has broad policy implications. In the current study, the authors examined the association between insurance status, race, a...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cncr.31106

    authors: Mahal AR,Mahal BA,Nguyen PL,Yu JB

    更新日期:2018-02-15 00:00:00

  • Breast cancer and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.

    abstract::Of the remote effects of cancer on the neurologic system, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD), characterized by global cerebellar dysfunction, is second only to paraneoplastic neuropathies in frequency. Recent evidence, including the finding of anti-Purkinje cell (now termed anti-Yo) antibodies directed again...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19911015)68:8<1835::aid-cncr2820

    authors: Waterhouse DM,Natale RB,Cody RL

    更新日期:1991-10-15 00:00:00

  • Clinical and pathologic features of follicular large cell (nodular histiocytic) lymphoma.

    abstract::Clinicopathologic correlations were made in 50 patients with follicular large cell (FLC) lymphoma to better define the influence of a variety of clinical and pathologic features on survival and the potential for continuous freedom from disease. The 5- and 10-year actuarial survivals for the entire group of patients ar...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19870415)59:8<1470::aid-cncr2820

    authors: Horning SJ,Weiss LM,Nevitt JB,Warnke RA

    更新日期:1987-04-15 00:00:00

  • A Phase I-II study of sequential administration of topotecan and oral etoposide (toposiomerase I and II inhibitors) in the treatment of patients with small cell lung carcinoma.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Topotecan (9-dimethylaminomethyl-10-hydroxycampthothecin) is a new topoisomerase I inhibitor with promising efficacy in the treatment of patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Combination with a topoisomerase II inhibitor may potentate the therapeutic effect of topotecan, although there has been con...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cncr.10836

    authors: Mok TS,Wong H,Zee B,Yu KH,Leung TW,Lee TW,Yim A,Chan AT,Yeo W,Chak K,Johnson P

    更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00

  • Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in four children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Association with Epstein-Barr Virus and treatment.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Reports on lymphoid malignancy and its treatment in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. METHODS:Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes or biopsy specimens. Polymerase chain re...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19940101)73:1<224::aid-cncr28207

    authors: Nadal D,Caduff R,Frey E,Hassam S,Zimmermann DR,Seigneurin JM,Plüss HJ,Seger RA

    更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00

  • Dual-tracer scintigraphy and subtraction studies in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

    abstract::Dual tracer scintigraphy (DTS) (technetium 99m [99mTc] sulfur colloid and gallium 67 citrate [67 gallium citrate]) of the liver and computer subtraction studies (SS) were performed in 26 patients subsequently proven to have hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 32 patients with cirrhosis and focal defects on the colloid ...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19880215)61:4<667::aid-cncr28206

    authors: Sostre S,Villagra D,Morales NE,Rivera JV

    更新日期:1988-02-15 00:00:00

  • Chronic myeloid leukemia among patients with a history of prior malignancies: A tale of dual survivorship.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Some patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have a history of previous malignancies. To the authors' knowledge, outcomes for CML diagnosed in these patients have not been well described. The current study was conducted to determine the outcome of patients with CML and a history of prior malignancies. ...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cncr.30362

    authors: Koller PB,Kantarjian HM,Nogueras-Gonzalez GM,Jabbour E,Verstovsek S,Borthakur G,Estrov Z,Wierda WG,Garcia-Manero G,Ferrajoli A,Ravandi F,O'Brien SM,Cortes JE

    更新日期:2017-02-15 00:00:00

  • Role of stromal-derived cytokines and growth factors in bone metastasis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Interactions between bone marrow-derived cytokines, growth factors, and tumors play a critical role in both the homing of tumors to the bone and the development of bone metastasis. Bone is a storehouse of latent growth factors produced by stromal cells and osteoblasts that, when activated during osteoclastic...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/cncr.11148

    authors: David Roodman G

    更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00

  • AJCC 7th edition of TNM staging accurately discriminates outcomes of patients with resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: By the AFC-IHCC-2009 study group.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:This year, the 7th edition of the AJCC staging manual has for the first time attributed a unique pTNM staging to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) that is intended to replace the 2 Western and ideally also the 2 Eastern systems currently in use. This proposal, which has not yet been validated, was teste...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cncr.25712

    authors: Farges O,Fuks D,Le Treut YP,Azoulay D,Laurent A,Bachellier P,Nuzzo G,Belghiti J,Pruvot FR,Regimbeau JM

    更新日期:2011-05-15 00:00:00

  • Targeted radiotherapy with [(90)Y]-SMT 487 in mice bearing human nonsmall cell lung tumor xenografts induced to express human somatostatin receptor subtype 2 with an adenoviral vector.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Novel approaches to increasing the therapeutic efficacy of targeted radiotherapy of cancer are required. One strategy to achieve this goal is to induce high-level expression of a receptor on the surface of tumor cells that can be targeted with a radiolabeled peptide. The objectives of this study were to 1) i...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cncr.10300

    authors: Rogers BE,Zinn KR,Lin CY,Chaudhuri TR,Buchsbaum DJ

    更新日期:2002-02-15 00:00:00

  • Biliary reflux as a causal factor in hypopharyngeal carcinoma: New clinical evidence and implications.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent preclinical explorations strongly support the tumorigenic potential of bile on laryngopharyngeal mucosa. Herein, the authors describe, in bile-related human hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC), NF-κB-related messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) oncogenic phenotypes similar to those prev...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cncr.32369

    authors: Sasaki CT,Doukas SG,Costa J,Vageli DP

    更新日期:2019-10-15 00:00:00

  • Elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the milk of a nursing mother with inoperable breast cancer.

    abstract::Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinations performed in the milk of a nursing mother with an inoperable breast cancer revealed a 10-15-fold higher level compared with CEA levels in the milk of healthy nursing women. CEA was highly elevated in the milk of the tumor-bearing breast (1100 +/- 100 ng/ml) and moderately ...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19801101)46:9<2091::aid-cncr2820

    authors: Bartal AH,Kahana L,Yarom J

    更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00

  • Perineural invasion of prostate carcinoma cells is associated with reduced apoptotic index.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Prostate carcinoma is often associated with perineural (PN) invasion. The common occurrence of this phenomenon has led to speculation regarding the mechanisms of this association, yet to date there have been no studies that clearly define biologic differences between PN and nonperineural (NPN) carcinoma cell...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960915)78:6<1267::AID-CN

    authors: Yang G,Wheeler TM,Kattan MW,Scardino PT,Thompson TC

    更新日期:1996-09-15 00:00:00

  • Genetic alterations between primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and recurrence after radiotherapy: recurrence, genetically related cancer, or second primary?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In the attempt to characterize the genetic bases of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) after radiotherapy (RT), the authors compared the molecular profiles of primary tumors and recurrences. METHODS:TP53 gene status and instability at 10 microsatellite markers were determined in pre-RT ...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cncr.24854

    authors: Deganello A,Franchi A,Sardi I,Pignataro L,Leemans CR,Gallo O

    更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00

  • Acute hepatic vein thrombosis occurring during therapy for Hodgkin's disease: a case report.

    abstract::A case of fatal acute hepatic vein thrombosis occurred during treatment for Hodgkin's disease. At necropsy no evidence of Hodgkin's disease or obliterative venoocclusive disease of the liver was found. We speculate that Adriamycin, DTIC and/or vinblastine may have been responsible for this unusual disorder. ...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197912)44:6<2324::aid-cncr282044

    authors: Houghton AN,Shafi N,Rickles FR

    更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00

  • Kaposi's sarcoma in immunosuppression. Possibly the result of a dual viral infection.

    abstract::Kaposi's sarcoma of the gingiva and skin developed in an HIV-negative renal transplant patient while he was receiving cyclosporine therapy. The Kaposi's sarcoma developed shortly after the patient had an acute infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV). Electron microscopy of the tumor's established cell line showed two typ...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19900201)65:3<492::aid-cncr28206

    authors: Siegal B,Levinton-Kriss S,Schiffer A,Sayar J,Engelberg I,Vonsover A,Ramon Y,Rubinstein E

    更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00

  • Chondrosarcoma with additional mesenchymal component (dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma). II. An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.

    abstract::Light microscopic, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies were performed on chondrosarcomas which contained a second, noncartilagenous mesenchymal component. Attention was focused on the nonchondroid portion of each tumor in an attempt to elucidate the histogenesis of this mixed variant of chondrosarcoma. The ...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19860715)58:2<287::aid-cncr28205

    authors: Têtu B,Ordóñez NG,Ayala AG,Mackay B

    更新日期:1986-07-15 00:00:00

  • Real-time identification of liver cancers by using indocyanine green fluorescent imaging.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:We have often encountered difficulties in identifying small liver cancers during surgery. Fluorescent imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) has the potential to detect liver cancers through the visualization of the disordered biliary excretion of ICG in cancer tissues and noncancerous liver tissues compresse...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cncr.24291

    authors: Ishizawa T,Fukushima N,Shibahara J,Masuda K,Tamura S,Aoki T,Hasegawa K,Beck Y,Fukayama M,Kokudo N

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00

  • Uroplakin as a marker for typing metastatic transitional cell carcinoma on fine-needle aspiration specimens.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Immunohistological markers specific for a single type of epithelium are rare. Recently, urothelium tissue-specific genes were cloned. The genes encoded a family of transmembrane proteins, uroplakins, that are expressed only in urothelial mucosa. Using uroplakin antibodies on paraffin-embedded tissue, a previ...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/cncr.9032

    authors: Xu X,Sun TT,Gupta PK,Zhang P,Nasuti JF

    更新日期:2001-06-25 00:00:00

  • Central neurocytomas express photoreceptor differentiation.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Central neurocytomas are composed of mature neuronal elements, frequently arranged in rosettes similar to those present in pineocytomas. This suggests the possibility of similar patterns of differentiation, including photoreceptor differentiation. The authors analyzed the immunoreactivity of central neurocyt...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Mena H,Morrison AL,Jones RV,Gyure KA

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Urinary neopterin excretion in patients with uterine sarcomas.

    abstract::Neopterin, a pyrazinopyrimidine compound, is a marker of activation of cell-mediated immunity. Urinary neopterin concentrations were measured in a total of 44 patients with uterine sarcomas. Pretherapeutic neopterin excretions were elevated in 78% (14/18). The mean neopterin concentration of patients with sarcomas was...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19900301)65:5<1228::aid-cncr2820

    authors: Fuith LC,Fuchs D,Hausen A,Hetzel H,Reibnegger G,Werner ER,Wachter H

    更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00

  • Thyroid medullary carcinoma with thyroglobulin immunoreactivity in sporadic multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2-B.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Thyroid carcinomas historically have been divided into two groups according to their presumedly separate embryonic origins: those of neuroectodermal derivation (parafollicular or medullary carcinoma [MCT]) and those of foregut endodermal origin (follicular and papillary carcinomas). The validity of this conc...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19940801)74:3<928::aid-cncr28207

    authors: Kovacs CS,Masé RM,Kovacs K,Nguyen GK,Chik CL

    更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00

  • Ensuring quality cancer care: a follow-up review of the Institute of Medicine's 10 recommendations for improving the quality of cancer care in America.

    abstract::Responding to growing concerns regarding the safety, quality, and efficacy of cancer care in the United States, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Sciences commissioned a comprehensive review of cancer care delivery in the US health care system in the late 1990s. The National Cancer Policy Boar...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/cncr.26536

    authors: Spinks T,Albright HW,Feeley TW,Walters R,Burke TW,Aloia T,Bruera E,Buzdar A,Foxhall L,Hui D,Summers B,Rodriguez A,Dubois R,Shine KI

    更新日期:2012-05-15 00:00:00

  • Infiltration of dendritic cells in relation to tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis in human gastric cancer.

    abstract::The infiltration of dendritic cells determined in 210 patients with gastric carcinoma was investigated from the standpoint of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis. Dendritic cell infiltration was graded as "slight" and "marked." The 39% frequency in the marked infiltration group at the mucosal stage di...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19901101)66:9<2012::aid-cncr2820

    authors: Tsujitani S,Kakeji Y,Watanabe A,Kohnoe S,Maehara Y,Sugimachi K

    更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00

  • Prognostic variables in mycosis fungoides.

    abstract::The prognostic importance of various factors was analyzed for 347 patients registered by the Mycosis Fungoides Cooperative Group (MFCG). Extent of skin involvement at the time of registration and number of sites of clinically enlarged lymph nodes were clearly the most important prognostic variables, and were combined ...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19810601)47:11<2671::aid-cncr282

    authors: Green SB,Byar DP,Lamberg SI

    更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00

  • Congenital melanoma with multiple prenatal metastases.

    abstract::A 1.95-kg fetus delivered at 33 weeks' gestational age survived less than 1 hour. Physical examination and autopsy disclosed an enormous, protuberant primary malignant melanoma of the skin, enveloping most of the back. A rim of surrounding hyperpigmented skin proved to be a giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN), f...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19870915)60:6<1371::aid-cncr2820

    authors: Schneiderman H,Wu AY,Campbell WA,Forouhar F,Yamase H,Greenstein R,Grant-Kels JM

    更新日期:1987-09-15 00:00:00

  • Humoral hypercalcemia in patients with colorectal carcinoma: report of two cases and review of the literature.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Humoral hypercalcemia rarely is associated with colorectal carcinoma; to the authors' knowledge only nine cases have been reported to date. METHODS:Two cases of advanced colorectal carcinoma with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) are presented. RESULTS:The two patients had severe hypercalcemia with...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Lortholary AH,Cadeau SD,Bertrand GM,Guerin-Meyer VI,Gamelin EC,Audran MJ

    更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00

  • Quantification of telomerase activity in sporadic colorectal carcinoma: association with tumor growth and venous invasion.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Activation of telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex that synthesizes telomere repeats, is associated with acquisition of unlimited cellular proliferation and is commonly detected in human cancer. Measurement of telomerase activity (TA) may provide important information as a diagnostic marker or a pr...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(20000315)88:6<1304::aid-cn

    authors: Shoji Y,Yoshinaga K,Inoue A,Iwasaki A,Sugihara K

    更新日期:2000-03-15 00:00:00

  • The significance of laryngeal edema following radiotherapy of carcinoma of the vocal cord.

    abstract::Laryngeal edema persisting for more than three months following radiotherapy developed in 38 of 247 (15.4%) patients irradiated for carcinoma of the vocal cord. In 17 (44.7%) of these patients, the laryngeal edema was associated with persistent or recurrent disease, although only 25.4% of the patients with uncontrolle...

    journal_title:Cancer

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19820215)49:4<655::aid-cncr28204

    authors: Fu KK,Woodhouse RJ,Quivey JM,Phillips TL,Dedo HH

    更新日期:1982-02-15 00:00:00