Abstract:
:Signal interneurones have a crucial part to play in the control of motoneurones. Newer methods are being added to the ways in which they can be studied, both in animal and human experiments. This chapter provides some background to a re-evaluation of the role of interneurones in motor control.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Rothwell JCsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
259-63eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
508pub_type
杂志文章abstract::RPE65 is essential for both rod- and cone-mediated vision. So far, more than 120 disease-associated mutations have been identified in the human RPE65 gene. Differential clinical manifestations suggested that some patients suffer from null mutations while others retain residual RPE65 activity and some useful vision. To...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_45
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditional toxicological tests generally provide descriptive information regarding the potential toxicity of chemicals, drugs and physical agents and are limited in their ability to assess risk to humans because they use model systems that are nonhuman in origin. Upon completion of the sequencing of the human genome,...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3055-1_12
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of prolactin and of estradiol and progesterone in the control of the biosynthetic and secretory activity of TIDA neurons has been investigated in the following animal models: young female rats, aged female rats, and young male rats. The indices of TIDA neuronal function employed were a) mass of TH in neurites...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5799-5_1
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There was great individual variation in the elevations of serum cholesterol concentrations in a Wistar strain of rats by the ingestion of a large amount of cholesterol, although their cholesterol concentrations were almost identical while under the feeding of a regular stock diet. Their serum total phospholipid and de...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4618-7_16
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genome research is becoming increasingly dependent on access to multiple, distributed data sources, and bioinformatic tools. The importance of integration across distributed databases and Web services will continue to grow as the number of requisite resources expands. Use of bioinformatic workflows has seen considerab...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5913-3_41
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In utero growth hormone exposure is associated with distinct immediate growth responses and long term impacts on adult physiological parameters that include obesity, insulin resistance, and bone function. Growth hormone accelerates cellular proliferation in many tissues but is exemplified by increases in the number of...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1031-1_15
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anthropogenically generated underwater noise in the marine environment is ubiquitous, comprising both intense impulse and continuous noise. The installation of offshore wind farms across the North Sea has triggered a range of ecological questions regarding the impact of anthropogenically produced underwater noise on m...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_23
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although a time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TRS) system is difficult to make a measurement into 10 s or less at the moment, the system has a great advantage that it measures absolute values of hemoglobin concentrations. In the present study, using a device equipped with a TRS system, we examined individual di...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1241-1_36
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence and significance of tumor hypoxia has been recognized since the 1950's. Hypoxic cells in vitro and in animal tumors in vivo are documented to be three times more resistant to radiation-induced killing compared to aerobic cells. There is now evidence that tumor hypoxia is treatment-limiting in many human c...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5865-1_26
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ammonia is generated from a large number of metabolically important reactions. Despite its central importance in whole body nitrogen homeostasis excess ammonia is neurotoxic and its concentration must be kept low. Ammonia generated in most extrahepatic tissues is detoxified by incorporation into glutamine (amide). Thi...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5826-8_2
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of ANTU-induced acute pulmonary capillary injury on lung and serum ACE functional activity and the specific accumulation of radio-labelled anti-ACE in lung were explored. Rats were injected either with ANTU or the solvent and sacrificed at various intervals up to one week after injection. All ANTU-injected...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5143-6_67
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Earlier we demonstrated that meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), a specific inhibitor of arginine mono-ADP-ribosylation blocks proliferation and differentiation of chick skeletal myogenic cells in culture (Exp. Cell Res., 1992, 201:33-42). Membrane fractions from 4-day, myotube cultures of embryonic chick muscle cells we...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8632-0_40
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is now well recognized that a main actor in the continuous interaction between the nervous and immune systems is the pineal hormone MLT. T-helper cells bear G-protein coupled MLT cell membrane receptors and, perhaps, MLT nuclear receptors. Activation of MLT receptors enhances the release of T-helper cell type 1 (Th...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/0-306-46814-x_47
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protooncogene c-src is implicated in the development of the vertebrate nervous system. Its product pp60c-src is a tyrosine-specific protein kinase that is expressed in two phases of neural development. An activated form of the pp60c-src is highly enriched in the membrane of nerve growth cones and in the proximal n...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-5876-4_10
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The renal alterations induced by alkali-treated protein and lysinoalanine are reviewed and their biological implications discussed. Alkali-treated proteins and lysinoalanine, an unusual amino acid formed in proteins during alkali treatment, have been shown to produce a renal alteration characterized by nuclear and cyt...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9113-6_2
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a sulfur-containing organic acid, which has various physiological functions, including membrane stabilization, cell-volume regulation, mitochondrial protein translocation, anti-oxidative activity, neuroprotection against neurotoxicity and modulation of intracellular calcium leve...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_2
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Taurine plays a protective role against free radicals and toxins in various cells and tissues. However, the effect of taurine on hepatic injury and fibrosis developed by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and myofibroblast-like cells is not fully understood. We investigated the effects of taurine on the hepatic fi...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_30
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein synthesis is essential for bacterial growth and survival. Its study in Escherichia coli helped uncover features conserved among bacteria as well as universally. The pattern of discovery and the identification of some of the longest-known components of the protein synthesis machinery, including the ribosome its...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23603-2_2
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Poland, influenza surveillance is conducted by 16 Provincial Sanitary Epidemiological Stations, headed by the Department of Influenza Research, National Influenza Center at the National Institute of Health - National Institute of Hygiene (NIPH-NIH). During the epidemic season 2016/2017, more than 4000 samples were ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2018_286
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::RHO (Rod opsin) encodes a G-protein coupled receptor that is expressed exclusively by rod photoreceptors of the retina and forms the essential photopigment, rhodopsin, when coupled with 11-cis-retinal. Many rod opsin disease -mutations cause rod opsin protein misfolding and trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, l...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_25
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Duration and quality of life are considerably reduced in insulin-dependent diabetic patients, but regular metabolic supervision, education of the patients, and social support can reduce the prevalence of severe late diabetic complications and prolong life by about 10 years. ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9110-8_4
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies emphasize the role of chronic hypoxia in the kidney as a final common pathway to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hypoxia of tubular cells leads to apoptosis or epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation. This in turn exacerbates fibrosis of the kidney with loss of peritubular capillaries and subsequent...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-75434-5_7
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bezoar Bovis (BB:dried cattle gallbladder stones) has been used empirically in Asia for over 3000 years to treat heart and liver disorders. Yet its therapeutic potential remains unexplored by Western researchers. The aim of this study has been to clarify the actions of BB on cultured cardiomyocytes and to identify its...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_10
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::After some notions on the mechanisms of action of radio-waves on solid tumours, the treatise illustrates the results achieved in the first 125 cases of malignant tumours treated with this method, its results are definitely encouraging, even in cases apparently with no hope. It also describes briefly the histologic mod...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5766-7_41
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that patients who undergo surgical operations have a high risk of infection and sepsis. One explanation for this high risk may be a depression of neutrophil functions at the postoperative period. In the present study, the effects of surgical stresses on neutrophil functions were studied in ten patient...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9543-4_34
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymyxin B is another clinically available polymyxin that has re-emerged in clinical practice to treat infections caused by multi-drug (MDR) or extensively-drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Its chemical structure is very similar to the structure of polymyxin E (colistin). However, since the latter is...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16373-0_14
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drosophila melanogaster is since decades the most important invertebrate model. With the publishing of the genome sequence, Drosophila also became a pioneer in (neuro)peptide research. Neuropeptides represent a major group of signaling molecules that outnumber all other types of neurotransmitters/modulators and hormon...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6902-6_10
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer development originates in a single mutant cell transformed from a normal cell, including further evolution of pro-tumor cells through additional mutations into malignant cancer tissues. Data from recent studies, however, suggest that most pro-tumor cells do not develop into tumors but remain dormant within or a...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23629-8_5
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::CEP290 mutations cause a spectrum of ciliopathies, including Leber congenital amaurosis. Milder retinal diseases have been ascribed to exclusion of CEP290 mutant exons through basal exon skipping (BES) and/or nonsense-associated altered splicing (NAS). Here, we report two siblings with some preserved vision despite bi...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_31
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Administration of clenbuterol to rats in the drinking water over a four day period increased incorporation of [3H]leucine into muscle protein but did not result in an increase in body or muscle weight. However, both urinary and liver taurine were significantly reduced at the highest dose of clenbuterol (2 mg.kg-1.day-...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0182-8_25
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00