Abstract:
:Acute hyperkalemia can be a life-threatening consequence of a variety of pathologic, pharmacologic, and iatrogenic disorders. Recognition and prompt therapy often reverse the electrophysiologic complications within minutes. Therefore, physicians must have a thorough understanding of potassium homeostasis. The causes of hyperkalemia, intracellular-to-extracellular shifts of potassium, excess exogenous potassium loads, and pseudohyperkalemia are discussed.
journal_name
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Amjournal_title
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North Americaauthors
Clark BA,Brown RSsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-09-01 00:00:00pages
573-91issue
3eissn
0889-8529issn
1558-4410journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The last 2 decades have seen tremendous growth in understanding the clinical characteristics of various childhood bone disorders, their mechanisms and natural histories, and their responses to treatment. In this review, the authors describe advances in bone assessment techniques for children. In addition, they provide...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2020.07.005
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urinary stone disease is the only clinical presentation in patients with cystinuria. Two genes have been associated with type I (SLC3A1) and non-type I (SLC7A9) cystinuria and multiple mutations of these genes have been identified. The type I form is completely recessive while the non-type I form is incompletely reces...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(02)00054-3
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare type of thyroid cancer, demonstrating variable behavior from indolent disease to highly aggressive, progressive disease. There are distinguishing phenotypic features of sporadic and hereditary MTC. Activation or overexpression of cell surface receptors and up-regulation of i...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2014.02.004
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer in men. A discovery of major importance in the endocrinology of prostate cancer is that the testes contribute only 60% of total androgens in adult men; the remaining 40% are synthesized in peripheral tissues, including the normal and cancerous prostate, from inactive androge...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a genetic variant that is associated with a high risk of developing diabetes during life. Enhanced aging of pancreatic beta-cells, a reduced capacity of these cells to synthesize large amounts of insulin,and a resetting of the ATP/ADP-regulated K-channel seem to be ...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2006.02.014
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 70% of patients who form metabolic stones have the idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis syndrome, which is diagnosed by exclusion of other identifiable metabolic abnormalities. This article reviews the classification, risk factors, and treatment options for those patients with this syndrome. ...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article addresses the role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The major causes of acquired insulin resistance including aging, pregnancy, lack of physical activity, and obesity are discussed briefly. The role of free fatty acids (FFAs) as a link between obesity and insulin resistance/ty...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70216-4
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)), the hormonally active form of vitamin D, exerts growth inhibitory and prodifferentiating effects on many malignant cells and retards tumor growth in animal models. Calcitriol is being evaluated as an anticancer agent in several human cancers. The mechanisms underlying the antic...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2010.02.011
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are several objectives to be achieved during the diagnostic evaluation of a male partner of an infertile partnership. The first is to identify whether or not there is a male factor present and, if so, whether this is attributable to an underlying medical illness. The second is to identify the cause of reduced ma...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2007.03.012
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is rare but one of the most malignant endocrine tumors. This article reviews and summarizes the current knowledge about the treatment of ACC. The epidemiology and molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of ACC are briefly outlined. The different diagnostic tools to distinguish beni...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2015.02.008
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal aging is accompanied by many changes in the hormonal systems involved in control of sodium and water balance. These alterations, together with age-associated changes in renal function, diminish the capacity of the elderly person to withstand the challenges of illness, drugs, and physiologic stresses. Thus, the ...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article covers considerations in the etiologies and therapy of hypercalcemia. The differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia is discussed, with particular emphasis on primary hyperparathyroidism and the hypercalcemia of malignancy. Clinical features of hypercalcemia are also discussed. Therapy of hypercalcemia is co...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::With modern growth hormone (GH) replacement algorithms, children with a diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency achieve at the end of pediatric GH treatment an adult height that is on the average in the normal range. Recent experience with GH replacement in young adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency, h...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2006.11.002
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, systemic therapies for advanced, metastatic thyroid carcinomas have been poorly effective. However, as a result of a confluence of increasing knowledge of the biologic basis for thyroid cancer development and progression, identification of therapeutic agents that could target these biologic abnormalities...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2008.02.005
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Familial benign hypercalcemia, or hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, may be defined as a dominantly inherited disorder of calcium and magnesium metabolism, characterized by lifelong hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia (both of variable degree), that usually is not associated with any symptoms, physical signs, reduced vitality...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular disease is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. In the last 2 decades, great strides have been made in reducing microvascular complications in patients with diabetes through improving glycemic control. Decreasing rates of cardiovascular events have proved to be more difficult than simply intensi...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2013.09.001
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose intolerance and diabetes are common complications of cystic fibrosis (CF), affecting up to 75% of the adult population. This article discusses the prevalence and pathophysiology of glucose tolerance abnormalities in CF, and reviews recent recommendations for diagnosis, screening, and management of CF-related d...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70102-x
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital cryptorchidism, that is, undescended testis, is one of the most common urogenital abnormalities observed in newborn boys. In addition to the congenital form, there is also acquired form of cryptorchidism. Fertility potential of patients with cryptorchidism has been evaluated by testicular histology and volu...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2015.07.013
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article describes the basic skills for the design, implementation, and interpretation of randomized controlled studies. Strengths and limitations of each study design are discussed. Epidemiologic issues in the analysis and interpretation of studies, such as loss to follow-up and biases, are included. Numerous cli...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70231-0
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A wide variety of medications, devices, and surgical interventions are available to patients who have ED. These range from first-line oral agents to second-line therapy with injections or vacuum devices to third-line options, such as penile prosthesis implantation. In this article, we cover available treatments for er...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2007.02.001
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A small abut important subset of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer will die of disease. Our approach to therapy treats almost all patients similarly, with aggressive surgery and I-131 therapy. Meticulous follow-up should include multiple I-131 diagnostic scans using at least 5 to 10 mCi of I-131 with attenti...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The liver is key to glucose homeostasis. Any disruption of its metabolism, structural integrity, or intracellular dynamics may alter the liver's ability to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. When such disruption affects hepatic glucose output, hypoglycemia may eventuate. Multiple drugs including alcohol may alter th...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteoporosis is prevalent in transplant recipients and is related to pre- and post-transplantation factors. Low bone density and fractures may antedate transplantation, related to traditional risk factors for osteoporosis, effects of chronic illness, and end-stage organ failure and its therapy, on the skeleton. Bone l...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2007.07.008
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system, through a complex interplay of highly specialized cells and a seemingly endless number of soluble mediators, works to ensure protection from the potentially harmful pathogens that we encounter in our lifetime. The development of the immune system is a compromise between the necessity to recognize fo...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(01)00016-0
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::All of the actions of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) can be explained on the basis of ANF's interaction with specific receptors on the plasma membrane of cells in target tissues. These receptors have been identified. Binding to these receptors by ANF is time dependent and specific and occurs with high affinity. Numer...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biologic actions of the peptides of the gastrointestinal tract indicate that they exert their effects by interacting with, in many instances, more than one receptor type and receptors on several tissues. Gut hormone profiles in pathophysiologic situations have not demonstrated a significant role for them in diseas...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human adult adrenal cortex is composed of the zona glomerulosa (zG), zona fasciculata (zF), and zona reticularis (zR), which are responsible for production of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and adrenal androgens, respectively. The final completion of cortical zonation in humans does not occur until puberty w...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2015.02.001
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interface between thyroid hormone action and neuropsychiatric function is intricate, and several mechanisms of thyroid hormone uptake into brain tissues, hormone activation, and influences on neurotransmitter generation have been identified. Symptoms of hypothyroidism are nonspecific, whereas those attributed to t...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2013.05.005
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Statins are widely used in secondary and primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. They reduce cardiovascular events and mortality, and have an excellent safety record. Recent case reports suggest a possible association between statins and adverse effects on cognition. This article reviews recent l...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2015.09.007
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipoproteins are spherical macromolecular complexes in which hydrophobic molecules of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester are enveloped within a monolayer of amphipathic molecules of phospholipids, free cholesterol, and apoproteins. The major lipoprotein classes include intestinally derived chylomicrons that transport ...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70023-2
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00