Abstract:
:Lead is a male reproductive toxicant. Data suggest that rats dosed with relatively high levels of lead acetate for short periods of time induced changes in the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the molecular level, but these changes were attenuated with increased concentration of exposure. The current study evaluated whether exposure to low levels of lead acetate over longer periods of time would produce a similar pattern of adaptation to toxicity at the molecular and biologic levels. Adult 100-day-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were dosed with 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.3% lead acetate in water. Animals were killed after 1, 4, 8, and 16 weeks of treatment. Luteinzing hormone (LH) and GnRH levels were measured in serum, and lead levels were quantified in whole blood. Hypothalamic GnRH mRNA levels were also quantified. We found no significant differences in serum LH and GnRH among the groups of animals treated within each time period. A significant dose-related increase of GnRH mRNA concentrations with lead dosing occurred in animals treated for 1 week. Animals treated for more than 1 week also exhibited a significant increase in GnRH mRNA, but with an attenuation of the increase at the higher concentrations of lead with increased duration of exposure. We conclude that the signals within and between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland appear to be disrupted by long-term, low-dose lead exposure.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Sokol RZ,Wang S,Wan YJ,Stanczyk FZ,Gentzschein E,Chapin REdoi
10.1289/ehp.02110871subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-09-01 00:00:00pages
871-4issue
9eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924pii
sc271_5_1835journal_volume
110pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Although 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been associated with alterations in ovarian function and hormones in animals, it has not been studied in humans. On 10 July 1976, an explosion exposed residents of Seveso, Italy, to the highest levels of TCDD in a population. Twenty years later, we init...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9667
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to determine whether prenatal mercury exposure, including potential releases from the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster, adversely affects fetal growth and child development. METHODS:We determined maternal and umbilical cord blood total mercury of nonsmoking women who delivered at ter...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10831
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although many studies have examined the effects of air pollution on mortality, data limitations have resulted in fewer studies of both particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800108
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnant rats were exposed by inhalation to vapor concentrations of 100, 200, 400 or 800 ppm of ethylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate on days 6 through 15 of gestation. Concentrations of 400 and 800 ppm reduced the feed intake, mean body weight and red blood cell counts. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.845725
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elucidation of the role of vinyl chloride metabolites in the various reaction sequences which comprise the metabolic pathway, including the interaction of reactive metabolities with some purine and pyrimidine residues of target-organ DNA, provides some explanation for the (oncogenic) properties associated with the ori...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.772155
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In numerous in vivo systems it has been shown that diets high in menhaden oil (a fish oil high in omega-3 fatty acids) can inhibit the carcinogenic process. In the present study, we have assessed the effects of a diet containing menhaden oil on 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ)-DNA adduct formation in targe...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s657
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of blue-green algae (BGA) toxins in surface waters used for drinking water sources and recreation is receiving increasing attention around the world as a public health concern. However, potential risks from exposure to these toxins in contaminated health food products that contain BGA have been largely ig...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108435
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A combined cytogeneticurine metabolite analysis approach was used to assess potential interactive effects between Fenarimol (FN), a fungicide, and trichloroethylene (TRI), a halogenated solvent. FN was demonstrated to selectively induce P450-2B1 isoforms in different organs of treated mice. Since the rate of metabolis...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s931
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The types of reactive intermediates generated upon reduction of chromium(VI) by glutathione or hydrogen peroxide and the resulting DNA damage have been determined. In vitro, reaction of chromium(VI) with glutathione led to formation of two chromium(V) complexes and the glutathione thiyl radical. When chromium(VI) was ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.919253
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Children's Post-Pesticide Application Exposure Study (CPPAES) was conducted to look at the distribution of chlorpyrifos within a home environment for 2 weeks after a routine professional crack-and-crevice application and to determine the amount of the chlorpyrifos that is absorbed by a child living within the home...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6984
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Environmental heat exposure is a public health concern. The impacts of environmental heat on mortality and morbidity at the population scale are well documented, but little is known about specific exposures that individuals experience. OBJECTIVES:The first objective of this work was to catalyze discussion o...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP556
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Concern persists over endocrine-disrupting effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on human growth and sexual maturation. Potential effects of toxicant exposures on testosterone levels during puberty are not well characterized. OBJECTIVES:In this study we evaluated the relationship between toxicants...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1205984
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The findings of studies investigating whether exposures to ionizing radiation before birth, either pre- or post-conception, increase the risk of childhood cancer have provoked much scientific controversy. An epidemiological association between the abdominal exposure of pregnant women to diagnostic X-rays and childhood...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.951031018
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:"Airwave" is the new communication system currently being rolled out across the United Kingdom for the police and emergency services, based on the Terrestrial Trunked Radio Telecommunications System (TETRA). Some police officers have complained about skin rashes, nausea, headaches, and depression as a conseq...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901416
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on Bisphenol-A (CLARITY-BPA) is a rare collaboration of guideline-compliant (core) studies and academic hypothesis-based studies to assess the effects of bisphenol A (BPA). OBJECTIVES:We aimed to a) determine whether BPA showed effects on the developin...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP6301
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were instilled intrabronchially with 1 mg UICC amosite suspended in 0.2 mL of filtered saline; control animals received the saline instillation only. Five animals from each group were killed on various days after instillation, up to day 128/129. Total retrieved cell counts and differential cell analysis were perf...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.835141
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurobehavioral toxicology is now established as a core discipline of the environmental health sciences. Despite its recognized scientific prowess, stemming from its deep roots in psychology and neuroscience and its acknowledged successes, it faces additional demands and challenges. The latter, in fact, are a product ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s2173
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The marriage of toxicology and genomics has created not only opportunities but also novel informatics challenges. As with the larger field of gene expression analysis, toxicogenomics faces the problems of probe annotation and data comparison across different array platforms. Toxicogenomics studies are generally built ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.6697
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An intercomparison exercise was conducted for the quantification of arsenic species in spiked human urine. The primary objective of the exercise was to determine the variance among laboratories in the analysis of arsenic species such as inorganic As (As+3 and As+5), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic ac...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105650
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congress has demonstrated interest in toxic compensation legislation, but not enough agreement to make significant progress. Advocates of reform claim that the legal system is heavily weighed against victims who seek compensation through the courts. Proposed reforms include a compensation fund and a cause of action in...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8562365
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biomedical developments in the 21st century provide an unprecedented opportunity to gain a dynamic systems-level and human-specific understanding of the causes and pathophysiologies of disease. This understanding is a vital need, in view of continuing failures in health research, drug discovery, and clinical translati...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1510345
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicity testing in AS52 cells (24-hr exposures) gave LC50 values of 2 to 130 micrograms Ni/ml for particulate nickel compounds and 45 to 60 micrograms Ni/ml for water-soluble salts (NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni(CH3COO)2). The Ni(OH)2, NiCO3, and sulfides (Ni3S2, Ni7S6, "amorphous NiS") exhibited similar toxicities (LC50's of 2 t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s369
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon tetrachloride produces liver cell injury in a variety of animal species. The first structurally recognizable changes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum, with alteration in ribosome-membrane interactions. Later there is an increase in intracellular fat, and the formation of tangled nets of the ergastoplasm. At n...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.761513
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The toxicity of many xenobiotic compounds is believed to involve oxidative injury to cells. Direct assessment of mechanistic events involved in xenobiotic-induced oxidative stress is not easily achievable. Development of genetically encoded probes designed for monitoring intracellular redox changes represent...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1206039
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A meeting on Marine Biomedical Research, sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health and the Smithsonian Institution Museum of Natural History, was attended by approximately 125 scientists, directors and representatives from many of the country's marine b...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7613147
更新日期:1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Due to the large number of chemicals not yet tested for carcinogenicity but to which people are exposed, the limited number of human and animal cancer studies conducted each year, and the frequent need for a timely response, mechanistic data are playing an increasingly important role in carcinogen hazard ide...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP5672
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although from a societal point of view a modal shift from car to bicycle may have beneficial health effects due to decreased air pollution emissions, decreased greenhouse gas emissions, and increased levels of physical activity, shifts in individual adverse health effects such as higher exposure to air pollu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901747
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To set occupational exposure limits (OELs) for aerosol particles, dusts, or chemicals, one has to evaluate whether mechanistic considerations permit identification of a no observed effect level (NOEL). In the case of carcinogenic effects, this can be assumed if no genotoxicity is involved, and exposure is considered s...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s51357
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mortality displacement (or "harvesting") has been identified as a key issue in the assessment of the temperature-mortality relationship. However, only a few studies have addressed the "harvesting" issue and findings have not been consistent. OBJECTIVES:We examined the potential impact of both short- and lon...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307606
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate are sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors that block iodide uptake into the thyroid, thus affecting thyroid function. Thyroid dysfunction can adversely affect somatic growth and development in children. To our knowledge, no studies have examined effects of NIS inhibit...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1409309
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00