Abstract：
:Three somatic mutation assays were evaluated in men exposed to low-dose, whole-body, ionizing radiation. Blood samples were obtained between 1992 and 1999 from 625 Russian Chernobyl cleanup workers and 182 Russian controls. The assays were chromosome translocations in lymphocytes detected by FISH, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) mutant frequency in lymphocytes by cloning, and flow cytometic assay for glycophorin A (GPA) variant frequency of both deletion (N/Ø) and recombination (N/N) events detected in erythrocytes. Over 30 exposure and lifestyle covariates were available from questionnaires. Among the covariates evaluated, some increased (e.g. age, smoking) and others decreased (e.g. date of sample) biomarker responses at a magnitude comparable to Chernobyl exposure. When adjusted for covariates, exposure at Chernobyl was a statistically significant factor for translocation frequency (increase of 30%, 95% CI of 10%-53%, P = 0.002) and HPRT mutant frequency (increase of 41%, 95% CI of 19%-66%, P < 0.001), but not for either GPA assay. The estimated average dose for the cleanup workers based on the average increase in translocations was 9.5 cGy. Translocation analysis is the preferred biomarker for low-dose radiation dosimetry given its sensitivity, relatively few covariates, and dose-response data. Based on this estimated dose, the risk of exposure-related cancer is expected to be low.
journal_name
Radiat Resjournal_title
Radiation researchauthors
Jones IM,Galick H,Kato P,Langlois RG,Mendelsohn ML,Murphy GA,Pleshanov P,Ramsey MJ,Thomas CB,Tucker JD,Tureva L,Vorobtsova I,Nelson DOdoi
10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0424:tsgbac]2.0.co;2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-10-01 00:00:00pages
424-42issue
4eissn
0033-7587issn
1938-5404journal_volume
158pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Results from several laboratories, including ours, have suggested that measurements of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks and DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) may be used to estimate the hypoxic fraction or fractional hypoxic volume of tumors and normal tissues. This suggestion has been predicted on both published and u...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells plated immediately after irradiation on nutrient agar (immediate plating) exhibit a lower survival than cells which are kept under nongrowth conditions before plating (delayed plating). The difference between the survival curves obtained after immediate plating and delayed plating is considered to exhibit the ce...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intestinal microbiota affect cell responses to ionizing radiation at the molecular level and can be linked to the development of the immune system, controlled cell death or apoptosis. We have developed a microbiota mouse model and report here that high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation induced the repair of chrom...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR13837.1
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the double-strand break (DSB) model, the initial slope (alpha) of the survival curve is determined by the number of DSBs remaining unrepaired at a certain time after irradiation. There are three types of calculations which confirm the validity of this approach. First, the model quite reasonably predicts the low-LET...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peroxidation of unconjugated polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linolenic acid proceeds through a free radical chain mechanism and is accompanied by the formation of conjugated dienes such as hydroperoxides. In an investigation of radiation-induced oxidation of aqueous linolenate, we have measured two indexes of pero...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/0033-7587(2000)153[0201:eotfod]2.0.co;2
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine more fully the nature of chromosomal radiosensitivity in ataxia telangiectasia (AT) cells, we employed 24-color combinatorial painting to visualize 137Cs gamma-ray-induced chromosome-type aberrations in cells of two AT and one normal primary human fibroblast strains irradiated in log-phase growth. As a meas...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/rr3255
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although conclusive evidence has been obtained for the presence of radiation-induced bystander effects, the mechanisms that trigger and regulate these processes are still largely unknown. The bystander effect may play a critical role in determining the biological effectiveness of low-dose exposures, but questions on h...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/rr3319
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypoadrenocorticism, known as Addison's disease in humans, was diagnosed in six beagles after inhalation of at least 1.7 kBq/g lung of 238PuO2. Histological examination of adrenal gland specimens obtained at necropsy revealed marked adrenal cortical atrophy in all cases. Autoradiographs showed only slight alpha-partic...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept of curvature in dose-response relationships figures prominently in radiation biology, encompassing a wide range of interests including radiation protection, radiotherapy and fundamental models of radiation action. In this context, the ability to detect even small amounts of curvature becomes important. Sta...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR14520.1
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trypanothione is a unique diglutathionyl-spermidine conjugate found in abundance in trypanosomes but not in other eukaryotes. Because trypanothione is a naturally occurring polyamine thiol reminiscent of the synthetic drug amifostine, it may be a useful protector against radiation and oxidative stress. For these reaso...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR2235.1
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clustered damage sites other than double-strand breaks (DSBs) have the potential to contribute to deleterious effects of ionizing radiation, such as cell killing and mutagenesis. In the companion article (Semenenko et al., Radiat. Res. 164, 180-193, 2005), a general Monte Carlo framework to simulate key steps in the b...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/rr3414
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The retention of 241Am in mice 48 h after administration by gavage is reported here. The 241Am was given to mice in the form of either 241Am nitrate or 241Am citrate. The 241Am was also injected into rats in the same form. The homogenized livers of those rats were subsequently administered by gavage to another group o...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present paper describes experiments conducted over the last several years which have focused primarily on the development of mammary tumors in BALB/c mice after neutron and gamma irradiation. Time-dose relationships for induction of mammary and lung tumors following irradiation with fission-spectrum neutrons and 1...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine whether exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation can induce DNA damage or apoptosis, Molt-4 T lymphoblastoid cells were exposed with RF fields at frequencies and modulations of the type used by wireless communication devices. Four types of frequency/modulation forms were studied: 847.74 MHz code-division...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/rr3127
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An understanding of proton radiobiology is critical for optimization of both proton radiotherapy and assessment of carcinogenesis risk from space radiation. Although the physical aspects of proton beam radiobiology is well understood, the biological aspects, particularly the complex biological end points, have been un...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1667/RR2839.1
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute thermotolerance was induced in Chinese hamster ovary cells by heating at 43 degrees C for 45 min followed by incubation at 37 degrees C for up to 85 h. The degree of thermotolerance induced was quantified by a second heat exposure at 43 degrees C. To study the interaction of thermotolerance and thermosensitizati...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study demonstrates the usefulness of immunochemical assays for quantitating modified bases in oxidized and X-irradiated DNA. Escherichia coli, phi X174 RF I, PM2, and M13 DNA containing thymine glycols introduced by OsO4 oxidation were used as antigens in a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)....
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report here on a qualitative and quantitative comparison of four kinetic photon cell survival models. The commonly used linear-quadratic model extended by a dose protraction factor, the lethal potentially lethal model, the repair misrepair model and the recently reported Giant LOop Binary LEsion (GLOBLE) model are ...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR13862.1
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The first hundred years of radiation studies have greatly clarified the chemical processes that are induced by radiation. While the fundamental ionization processes are similar in all systems, properties of the medium such as phase, polarity and composition can greatly affect the chemistry. In all systems, one needs t...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure of humans and rodents to radiofrequency (RF) cell phone fields has been reported to alter a number of stress- related parameters. To study this potential relationship in more detail, tube-restrained immobilized Fischer 344 rats were exposed in the near field in a dose-dependent manner to pulse-modulated (11 p...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/0033-7587(2001)155[0584:eoiace]2.0.co;2
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure of cells to heat induces thermotolerance, a transient resistance to subsequent heat challenges. It has been shown that thermotolerance is correlated in time with the enhanced synthesis of heat shock proteins. In this study, the association of induced heat shock proteins with various cellular fractions was inv...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are public concerns regarding possible carcinogenic or cancer-promoting effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from mobile phones and base stations. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether chronic exposure to EMFs of the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) influences the deve...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR0857.1
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced in DNA under phosphorus K-shell resonant absorption have been studied using supercoiled plasmids. The kinetics of the production of SSBs and DSBs exhibits a linear and a quadratic dependence, respectively, on photon fluence. Cross sections and quantum...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinicians involved in conventional radiation therapy are very concerned about the dose-response relationships of normal tissues. Before proceeding to new clinical protocols, radiation biologists involved with conformal proton therapy believe it is necessary to quantify the dose response and tolerance of the organs an...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/r3016
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells from an infinite-life-span near-diploid human fibroblast cell strain, MSU-1.1, were transformed after a single exposure to 60Co gamma radiation. The frequency of transformation as measured by the number of induced foci per 10(6) cells was a linear function of dose. Cells from 13 independent foci from gamma-irrad...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ionizing radiation induces chronic metabolic oxidative stress and a mutator phenotype in hamster fibroblasts that is mediated by H(2)O(2), but the intracellular source of H(2)O(2) is not well defined. To determine the role of mitochondria in the radiation-induced mutator phenotype, end points of mitochondrial function...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR1617.1
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ionization generates a large number of secondary low-energy electrons (LEEs) with a most probable energy of approximately 10 eV, which can break DNA bonds by dissociative electron attachment (DEA) and lead to DNA damage. In this study, we investigated radiation damage to dry DNA induced by X rays (1.5 keV) alone on a ...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR14476.1
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the 400-MHz 1H NMR spectra of gamma-irradiated, N2O-saturated aqueous solutions of polyuridylic acid (polyU), polycytidylic acid (polyC), polyadenylic acid (polyA), and single-stranded DNA from calf thymus, well-resolved signals of the undamaged free bases were identified. Upon incubation of the solutions at 95 deg...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Technological developments in radiation therapy and other cancer therapies have led to a progressive increase in five-year survival rates over the last few decades. Although acute effects have been largely minimized by both technical advances and medical interventions, late effects remain a concern. Indeed, the need t...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1667/rr2530.1
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Solid thymidylyl-(3'-->5')-thymidine (dTpdT) was irradiated in a vacuum with monochromatic photons from 150 to 300 nm; the photoproducts were analyzed quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results of the experiment were as follows: (1) above 210 nm the major photoproducts were three dithymine p...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
