Abstract:
:This paper reexamines the recent case of the conjoined twins from Malta. Survival was said to be possible only through separation, which would actually leave only one twin alive. The parents refused to allow the killing of one to save the other, but the court ruled that this would amount to the neglect of innocent life. The article questions the assumption that the case is indeed a struggle between two people. Further, it questions the assumption that a conjoined twin's natural interest and wish is separation. Historical evidence shows that many conjoined twins do not wish for separation, even when it becomes a question of survival.The article concludes with a critical evaluation of the tendency in contemporary society and particularly in bioethics to regard ethical challenges as rivalry between individuals competing for scarce resources.
journal_name
Perspect Biol Medjournal_title
Perspectives in biology and medicineauthors
Barilan YMdoi
10.1353/pbm.2002.0063subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-10-01 00:00:00pages
593-603issue
4eissn
0031-5982issn
1529-8795pii
S1529879502405935journal_volume
45pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::Both leading scientific journals and the popular press now regularly report the convincing evidence of massive environmental degradation and decline. Yet despite the seriousness of the problems, despite their anthropogenic nature, and despite their profound implications for present and future population health, such t...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2007.0008
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concerns about nature are playing increasingly prominent roles in a variety of social debates, including medical biotechnology, environmental protection, and agricultural biotechnology. These concerns are often simply rejected as incoherent: critics argue that there is no good account for how natural states of affairs...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2007.0049
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of all the principles set out by Flexner in 1910, the most fundamental, that of academic and scientific excellence, is more relevant to medical education in the United Kingdom today than ever before. To realize this, undergraduate medical education (UGME) at Oxford has evolved to incorporate the tutorial method of tea...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2011.0013
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of brain tumors is rising in children and the elderly, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying brain tumor initiation and progression. In the 1940s, Zimmerman and coworkers exploited the tumor-promoting potential of polycyclic hydrocarbons to produce brain tumor models in adult mice that simu...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2001.0035
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of electronic health records (EHRs) to improve access and enable research in the everyday clinical world has simultaneously made medical information much more vulnerable to illicit, non-beneficent uses. This wealth of identified, aggregated data has and will attract attacks by domestic governments for surve...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2013.0003
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scholars have shown that organ transplantation may transform ideas about one's body, with recipients feeling that they are receiving not just a body part but also a part of the donor's identity. This article focuses on a different way in which organ transplantation shapes recipient identity: the idea of becoming whole...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2011.0036
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abstract::A detailed review of hospital records, physician's notes, diaries, letters, and autopsy reports offers sufficient clinical grounds to establish that Eugene O'Neill developed adrenal insufficiency, secondary to tuberculosis, in later life--a fact hitherto unknown--the condition not becoming manifest until after he had ...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.1987.0051
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Popular fiction responds to, and may exacerbate, public anxieties in ways that more highbrow literary texts may not. Robin Cook's 1977 novel Coma exemplifies the ways in which medical thrillers participate in the public discourse about health care. Written shortly after the medical establishment promoted "irreversible...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.0.0168
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the period of "classical genetics" (roughly 1915-950), the common view of the gene was mechanistic--hat is, genes were seen as individual, atomistic units, as material components of the chromosomes. Although it was recognized early on that genes could interact and influence each other's expression, they were still ...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2014.0003
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2012.0015
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of chronic illness on patients has been discussed extensively, but little attention has been paid to the reverse situation: the need for patients who have been chronically ill since childhood to adjust to health and normality in adulthood. Drawing upon the narratives of two adults with childhood onset disea...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2005.0061
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Milton Winternitz led Yale Medical School as its Dean from 1920 to 1935. An innovative, even maverick leader, he not only kept the school from going under, but turned it into a first-class research institution. Dedicated to the new scientific medicine established in Germany, he was equally fervent about "social medici...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2003.0046
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The linguistic metaphor in biology adheres to a representational theory that seeks similarities between pre-given domains. The point of departure of this paper is the generative and nonrepresentational conception of metaphor. This paper argues that by adopting the nonrepresentational conception of metaphor, meaning-ma...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1353/pbm.2005.0076
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The traditional forms of public health law were directed largely toward communicable diseases and other externalities, such as pollution, with negative health impacts. The more modern view treats any health issue that affects large numbers of individuals as one of public health, which would include such problems as ob...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biologists use models in two distinct ways that have not been clearly articulated. A model may be used either as an exemplar of a larger group, or as a surrogate for a specific target. Zebrafish serve as an exemplary model of vertebrates in developmental biology; rodents are both exemplary vertebrates and specific sur...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.0.0125
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The idea of being "haunted" appears often in accounts of the experience of health-care professionals and trainees who suffer from unresolved sorrow or regret about past clinical events, in particular the deaths of patients. The trope of haunting draws a direct line between past professional trauma and the dread of fut...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2020.0034
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2016.0043
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rise of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) in health care has engendered considerable excitement, claiming to improve approaches to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Amidst the enthusiasm, the philosophical assumptions that underlie the big data and AI movement in medicine are rarely examined. This essay...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2019.0012
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autobiographical narratives of illness and disability are influential in popular and medical discourses of illness and disability, in part because these narratives represent illness and disability within a sociocultural context, intersecting with other categories of difference. Clinicians can benefit patients through ...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.0.0135
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Charles Dickens's adult life parallels the period when the movement for sanitary reform took root in England. Although he was not one of its leaders, he became in time one of its most outspoken advocates. This essay describes Dickens's growing involvement in the sanitary movement and looks at one of the most important...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2003.0025
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the necessity of normalizing surgery on intersexed individuals is a topic of ongoing debate in the 21st century, the origins of surgery as a therapeutic practice for ambiguous or unusual genitalia lie in the 19th century. The first report of corrective surgery published in the United States appeared in the Ameri...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2005.0012
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abstract::This article reviews some of the technological devices and ideas which have been used over the years to answer the question, how does the brain work? It describes some of the early technology-based analogies and models of nerve fibers, and then discusses other analogies and models of the brain based on mechanical and ...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1353/pbm.2002.0033
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent death of a normal healthy volunteer, as well as the increased use of normal volunteers as research subjects, has heightened the attention given to the participation of normal volunteers in clinical research. An overlooked sub-population of normal healthy volunteers are repeat, veteran volunteers. This essay...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2003.0094
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over time, contemporary writing becomes part of the historical record. In medicine, it is an important learning tool, particularly for understanding the experience and context of disease and illness. Although a century has elapsed since the fictional events on a single day described in James Joyce's Ulysses, the work ...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2006.0032
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::As health care has become of great importance to both individual citizens and to society, it has become more important to understand medicine's relationship to the society it serves in order to have a basis for meaningful dialogue. During the past decade, individuals in the medical, legal, social sciences, and health ...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1353/pbm.0.0045
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of a mid-1940s malaria research program, U.S. Public Health Service researchers working in South Carolina chose to withhold treatment from a group of subjects while testing the efficacy of a new insecticide. Research during World War II had generated new tools to fight malaria, including the insecticide DDT an...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2008.0011
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diverse and non-coherent sets of epistemological principles currently inform research in the general area of functional genomics. Here, from the personal point of view of a scientist with over half a century of immersion in hypothesis driven scientific discovery, I compare and deconstruct the ideological bases of prom...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2015.0025
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is 200 years old and remains relevant to 21st-century scientific experimentation. Molecular biologists today have become especially bold in their attempts to cure diseases while remaining mindful of the real dangers of their research. Scientists presumably share an abiding concern about pro...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2018.0054
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a growing national awareness that the extraordinary extension of life expectancy in our society poses an impending crisis for our health-care system. This is due in large part to the scarcity of primary-care providers, especially geriatricians. To address these concerns, the Obama administration has considere...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.0.0092
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment of broken bones has long adhered to principles of tight juxtaposition of fracture ends and of strict rest. Splinting and casting with plaster of Paris helped considerably. Attempts at internal splinting with pegs, bolts, or stabilizing contraptions usually failed. Foreign materials were either not biocom...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2014.0021
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00