Abstract:
:Infrared measurements have been used to profile or image biological tissue, including human skin. Usually, analysis of such measurements has assumed that infrared absorption is due to water and collagen. Such an assumption may be reasonable for soft tissue, but introduction of exogenous agents into skin or the measurement of tissue phantoms has raised the question of their infrared absorption spectrum. We used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode to measure the infrared absorption spectra, in the range of 2-15 microm, of water, polyacrylamide, Intralipid, collagen gels, four hyperosmotic clearing agents (glycerol, 1,3-butylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, Topicare), and ex vivo human stratum corneum and dermis. The absorption spectra of the phantom materials were similar to that of water, although additional structure was noted in the range of 6-10 microm. The absorption spectra of the clearing agents were more complex, with molecular absorption bands dominating between 6 and 12 microm. Dermis was similar to water, with collagen structure evident in the 6-10 microm range. Stratum corneum had a significantly lower absorption than dermis due to a lower content of water. These results suggest that the assumption of water-dominated absorption in the 2.5-6 microm range is valid. At longer wavelengths, clearing agent absorption spectra differ significantly from the water spectrum. This spectral information can be used in pulsed photothermal radiometry or utilized in the interpretation of reconstructions in which a constant mu(ir) is used. In such cases, overestimating mu(ir) will underestimate chromophore depth and vice versa, although the effect is dependent on actual chromophore depth.
journal_name
Phys Med Bioljournal_title
Physics in medicine and biologyauthors
Viator JA,Choi B,Peavy GM,Kimel S,Nelson JSdoi
10.1088/0031-9155/48/2/402subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-21 00:00:00pages
N15-24issue
2eissn
0031-9155issn
1361-6560journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Short- and long-term side effects following the treatment of cancer with radiation are strongly related to the amount of dose deposited to the healthy tissue surrounding the tumor. The characterization of the radiation field outside the planned target volume is the first step for estimating health risks, such as devel...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/59/8/2111
更新日期:2014-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::Oxygen ([Formula: see text]) ions are a potential alternative to carbon ions in ion beam therapy. Their enhanced linear energy transfer indicates a higher relative biological effectiveness and a reduced oxygen enhancement ratio. Due to the limited availability of [Formula: see text] ion beams, Monte Carlo (MC) transpo...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aa807e
更新日期:2017-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::In proton scanning systems that employ active energy variation for depth modulation, a switch of the particle energy might typically require 1-2 s. For plans comprising many energy slices, these seconds could sum up to a non-negligible fraction of the total treatment duration. We have applied the Nyquist-Shannon sampl...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/53/9/N01
更新日期:2008-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::A hybrid differential and spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS) technique has been developed to measure absolute absorption coefficient (mu(a)), reduced scattering coefficient (mu'(s)) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) in the adult human head. A spectrometer with both differential and SRS capabilities has been used to c...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/51/3/015
更新日期:2006-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::To calculate photon spectra for a 10 MV x-ray beam emitted by a medical linear accelerator, we performed numerical analysis using the aluminium transmission data obtained along the central axis of the beam under the narrow beam condition corresponding to a 3x3 cm2 field at a 100 cm distance from the source. We used th...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/2/014
更新日期:2007-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::In critical organ in vivo x-ray dosimetry, the relative contaminating electron contribution to the total dose and total detector response outside the field will be different to the corresponding contributions at the central axis detector calibration position, mainly due to the effects of shielding in the linear accele...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/51/24/013
更新日期:2006-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Photosensitizer fluorescence excited by photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment light can be used to monitor the in vivo concentration of the photosensitizer and its photobleaching. The temporal integral of the product of in vivo photosensitizer concentration and light fluence is called PDT dose, which is an important do...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aa9874
更新日期:2017-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::An iterative Bayesian reconstruction algorithm for limited view angle tomography, or ectomography, based on the three-dimensional total variation (TV) norm has been developed. The TV norm has been described in the literature as a method for reducing noise in two-dimensional images while preserving edges, without intro...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/46/3/318
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In medical imaging different techniques have been developed to gain information from inside a tissue. Optoacoustics is a method to generate tomography pictures of tissue using Q-switched laser pulses. Due to thermal and pressure confinement, a short light pulse generates a pressure distribution inside tissue, which mi...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/46/7/309
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Precision image-guided small animal radiotherapy is rapidly advancing through the use of dedicated micro-irradiation devices. However, precise modeling of these devices in model-based dose-calculation algorithms such as Monte Carlo (MC) simulations continue to present challenges due to a combination of very small beam...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/58/10/3377
更新日期:2013-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrasound in the low megahertz frequency range is used by physiotherapists to treat a variety of conditions. The treatments reduce swelling, reduce pain and increase movement at joints. Ultrasound is now also beginning to be used to treat malignant tumours. The tumours are heated to temperatures between 42 degrees an...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/34/11/019
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of new biological imaging technologies offers the opportunity to further individualize radiotherapy. Biologically conformal radiation therapy (BCRT) implies the use of the spatial distribution of one or more radiobiological parameters to guide the IMRT dose prescription. Our aim was to implement BCRT i...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/51/16/N02
更新日期:2006-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) is an imaging tool that aids in evaluating functional characteristics of tissue at different stages of disease management: diagnostic, radiation treatment planning, treatment effectiveness, and monitoring. Clinical validation of DCE-derived perfusion parameters re...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/58/17/6111
更新日期:2013-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal screw placement is a challenging task due to small bone corridors and high risk of neurological or vascular complications, benefiting from precision guidance/navigation and quality assurance (QA). Implicit to both guidance and QA is the definition of a surgical plan-i.e. the desired trajectories and device sele...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aa5f42
更新日期:2017-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::In positron emission tomography (PET) with pixelated detectors, a significant number of annihilation photons interact with scintillation crystals through single or multiple Compton scattering events. When these partial energy depositions occur across multiple crystal elements, we call them inter-crystal scatter (ICS) ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aba8b4
更新日期:2020-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Computational phantoms are commonly used in internal radiation dosimetry to assess the amount and distribution pattern of energy deposited in various parts of the human body from different internal radiation sources. Radiation dose assessments are commonly performed on predetermined reference computational phantoms wh...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aa75b4
更新日期:2017-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::Monte Carlo simulation techniques are applied to track the annihilation photons from positron decay, and store the photon histories. Reasonably realistic models of the isotope distribution in the brain and heart during typical PET studies, as well as the traditional phantoms used for measuring PET scanner performance ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/37/3/017
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The signal properties of polycrystalline mercuric iodide (HgI2) film detectors, under irradiation conditions relevant to mammographic, radiographic, fluoroscopic and radiotherapy x-ray imaging, are reported. Each film detector consists of an approximately 230 to approximately 460 microm thick layer of HgI2 (fabricated...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/50/12/012
更新日期:2005-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory induced resonance offset (RIRO) is a periodic disturbance of a magnetic field due to breathing. Such disturbance handicaps the accuracy of the proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) method of MRI temperature mapping in anatomies situated nearby the lungs and chest wall. In this work, we propose a method c...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/51/18/015
更新日期:2006-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::The spatial resolution of 2D detector arrays equipped with ionization chambers or diodes, used for the dose verification of IMRT treatment plans, is limited by the size of the single detector and the centre-to-centre distance between the detectors. Optimization criteria with regard to these parameters have been develo...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/10/019
更新日期:2007-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of dose predicted in heterogeneous media by a pencil beam (PB), a collapsed cone (CC) and a Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm. For this purpose, a simple multi-layer phantom composed of Styrofoam and white polystyrene was irradiated with 10 x 10 cm2 as well as 20 x 20 cm2 ope...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/50/5/010
更新日期:2005-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::A computer method has been developed which uses the time domain finite-difference (TDFD) algorithm to calculate the deposition of the electromagnetic (EM) field in three-dimensional biological models. This, the first of two papers, describes the algorithm and the computer programs developed. The method is demonstrated...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/31/11/006
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histotripsy is a therapeutic ultrasound modality under development to liquefy tissue mechanically via bubble clouds. Image guidance of histotripsy requires both quantification of the bubble cloud activity and accurate delineation of the treatment zone. In this study, magnetic resonance (MR) and diagnostic ultrasound i...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ab143f
更新日期:2019-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::Segmentation of liver in abdominal computed tomography (CT) is an important step for radiation therapy planning of hepatocellular carcinoma. Practically, a fully automatic segmentation of liver remains challenging because of low soft tissue contrast between liver and its surrounding organs, and its highly deformable s...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aabd19
更新日期:2018-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::We report a new preparative method for providing contrast through reduction in electron density that is uniquely suited for propagation-based differential x-ray phase contrast imaging. The method, which results in an air or fluid filled vasculature, makes possible visualization of the smallest microvessels, roughly do...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/53/23/017
更新日期:2008-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed an impedance magnetocardiogram (IMCG) system to detect the change of magnetic field corresponding to changes in blood volume in the heart. A low magnetic field from the electrical activity of the human heart--the so-called magnetocardiogram (MCG)--can be simultaneously detected by using this system. ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/46/2/403
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work aims at developing a generic virtual source model (VSM) preserving all existing correlations between variables stored in a Monte Carlo pre-computed phase space (PS) file, for dose calculation and high-resolution portal image prediction. The reference PS file was calculated using the PENELOPE code, after the ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/61/14/5215
更新日期:2016-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of transcranial high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy in the brain using adaptive focusing techniques. However, the complexity of the procedures imposes provision of accurate targeting, monitoring and control of this emerging therapeutic modality in order to ...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/55/2/003
更新日期:2010-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::Quantification in cardiac mouse positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is limited by the imaging spatial resolution. Spillover of left ventricle (LV) myocardial activity into adjacent organs results in partial volume (PV) losses leading to underestimation of myocardial activity. A PV correction method was develope...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/57/13/4309
更新日期:2012-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Monte Carlo simulation was used to calculate correction factors for output factor (OF), percentage depth-dose (PDD), and off-axis ratio (OAR) measurements with the CyberKnife M6 System. These include the first such data for the InCise MLC. Simulated detectors include diodes, air-filled microchambers, a synthetic micro...
journal_title:Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aa5610
更新日期:2017-02-07 00:00:00