Abstract:
:Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) cleaves synaptobrevin, a protein involved in synaptic vesicle docking and fusion, thereby preventing neurotransmitter release and causing a functional deafferentation. We injected TeNT into the lateral rectus muscle of adult cats at 0.5 or 5 ng/kg (low and high dose, respectively). In the periphery, TeNT slightly slowed motor axon conduction velocity, and at high doses, partially blocked neuromuscular transmission. TeNT peripheral actions displayed time courses different to the more profound and longer-lasting central actions. Central effects were first observed 2 days postinjection and reversed after 1 mo. The low dose induce depression of inhibitory inputs, whereas the high dose produce depression of both inhibitory and excitatory inputs. Simultaneous recordings of eye movement and neuronal firing revealed that low-dose injections specifically reduced inhibition of firing during off-directed saccadic movements, while high-dose injections of TeNT affected both inhibitory and excitatory driven firing patterns. Motoneurons and abducens interneurons were both affected in a similar way. These alterations resulted in modifications in all discharge characteristic analyzed such as background firing, threshold for recruitment, and firing sensitivities to both eye position and velocity during spontaneous movements or vestibulo-ocular reflexes. Removal of inhibition after low-dose injections also altered firing patterns, and although firing activity increased, it did not result in muscle tetanic contractions. Removal of inhibition and excitation by high-dose injections resulted in a decrease in firing modulation with eye movements. Our findings suggest that the distinct behavior of oculomotor and spinal motor output following TeNT intoxication could be explained by their different interneuronal and proprioceptive control.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Gonzalez-Forero D,de la Cruz RR,Delgado-Garcia JM,Alvarez FJ,Pastor AMdoi
10.1152/jn.01006.2002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-04-01 00:00:00pages
1878-90issue
4eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598pii
89/4/1878journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS) induces stimulation polarity-dependent neuroplastic excitability shifts in the human brain. Because it accomplishes long-lasting effects and its application is simple, it is used increasingly. However, one drawback is its low focality, caused by 1) the large stimulation electrode and...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01312.2006
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modularity in the central nervous system (CNS), i.e., the brain capability to generate a wide repertoire of movements by combining a small number of building blocks ("modules"), is thought to underlie the control of movement. Numerous studies reported evidence for such a modular organization by identifying invariant m...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00245.2013
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the first visual synapse of the insect compound eye, both the presynaptic and postsynaptic signals are graded, nonspiking changes in membrane voltage. The synapse exhibits tonic transmitter release (even in dark) and strong adaptation to long-lasting light backgrounds, leading to changes also in the dynamics of sig...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.4.2103
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have been linked to schizophrenia because agents that bind the receptor, like ketamine and phencyclidine, are capable of inducing schizophrenia-like symptoms. Here we show that the amino acid homocysteine (HCY), which is increased in the blood of schizophrenia patients, reduces ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00809.2012
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variations in cortical oscillations in the alpha (7-14 Hz) and beta (15-29 Hz) range have been correlated with attention, working memory, and stimulus detection. The mu rhythm recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a prominent oscillation generated by Rolandic cortex containing alpha and beta bands. Despite its...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00535.2009
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments in both conscious and anesthetized animals indicate that intrathecal (i.t.) strychnine (STR; glycine receptor antagonist) produces acute, reversible allodynia, as evidenced by inappropriate behavioral and autonomic responses to cutaneous tactile stimuli. Although STR is known to produce disinhibition of af...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.2.628
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current eye-tracking study examined the influence of reward on oculomotor performance, and the extent to which learned stimulus-reward associations interacted with voluntary oculomotor control with a modified paradigm based on the classical antisaccade task. Participants were shown two equally salient stimuli simu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00275.2018
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mathematical model is developed for simulation of action potential propagation through a single branch point of a myelinated nerve fiber with a parent branch bifurcating into two identical daughter branches. This model is based on a previously published multi-layer compartmental model for single unbranched myelinate...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.1.197
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of feedback from large-diameter sensory fibers to the adaptation of soleus muscle activity after small ankle trajectory modifications during human walking. Small-amplitude and slow-velocity ankle dorsiflexion enhancements and reductions were applied during the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01071.2004
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many rhythmic neuronal networks that operate in a wide range of frequencies, the time of neuronal firing relative to the cycle period (the phase) is invariant. This invariance suggests that when frequency changes, firing time is precisely adjusted either by intrinsic or synaptic mechanisms. We study the maintenance...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00411.2003
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A quantitative analysis of activity-related calcium dynamics was performed in motoneurons of the nucleus hypoglossus in the brain stem slice preparation from mouse by simultaneous patch-clamp and microfluorometric calcium measurements. Motoneurons were analyzed under in vitro conditions that kept them in a functionall...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.6.2936
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dye Procion brown was used to identify in the light and electron microscope, synaptic contacts made between monosynaptically coupled neurons in the lamprey spinal cord whose synaptic interaction had been recorded. Synaptic contacts were made on different dendrites of the postsynaptic cell at different distances fr...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1976.39.2.197
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During priming of pop-out, performance at discriminating a pop-out feature target in visual search is affected by whether the target on the previous trial was defined by the same feature as on the upcoming trial. Recent studies suggest that priming of pop-out relies on attentional processes. With the use of simultaneo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00121.2011
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and multichannel probes, we studied hemoglobin (Hb) concentration changes when single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the left hemisphere primary motor cortex (M1). Seventeen measurement probes were centered over left M1. Subjects were studied in b...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00980.2011
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tinnitus is a phantom auditory perception without an external sound source and is one of the most common public health concerns that impair the quality of life of many individuals. However, its neural mechanisms remain unclear. We herein examined population-level frequency tuning in the auditory cortex of unilateral t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00385.2016
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous functional MRI studies reported neural correlates of risk and ambiguity based on behavioral economic theories. A recent study controlled for uncertainty by adding noise to information of an impending aversive event and demonstrated brain areas that did not track the degree of uncertainty: the activation peake...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.00406.2009
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is commonly used in animals to mimic ocular inflammation in humans. Although the peripheral aspects of EIU have been well studied, little is known of the central neural effects of anterior eye inflammation. EIU was induced in male rats by endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg ip...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00616.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In taste neurophysiology, from Pfaffmann's (49, 50) pioneering work until the present, the possibility of types of neurons corresponding in some sense with the "primary" taste qualities of Henning (33) has been entertained: recently types of gustatory neurons in peripheral nerves have been established according to ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1979.42.5.1390
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Learning theories of drug addiction propose that the disorder is, at least in part, attributable to drug effects on accumbal mechanisms that are normally involved in reward-related learning. The neurophysiological mechanisms that might transduce such a drug effect on accumbal mechanisms have yet to be identified. Prev...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00849.2002
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although fluorescence microscopy has proven to be one of the most powerful tools in biology, its application to the intact animal has been limited to imaging several hundred micrometers below the surface. The rest of the animal has eluded investigation at the microscopic level without excising tissue or performing ext...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type:
doi:10.1152/jn.01007.2003
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An imbalance between the strengths of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs has been proposed as the cellular basis of autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders. Previous studies examining spontaneous levels of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the forebrain regions of methyl-CpG-binding protein...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00751.2010
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The timing of brief stationary sounds has been shown to alter the perceived speed of visual apparent motion (AM), presumably by altering the perceived timing of the individual frames of the AM stimuli and/or the duration of the interstimulus intervals (ISIs) between those frames. To investigate the neural correlates o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00835.2017
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vestibular organs in the base of the skull provide important information about head orientation and motion in space. Previous studies have suggested that both angular velocity information from the semicircular canals and information about head orientation and translation from the otolith organs are centrally proce...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00143.2010
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the mammalian olfactory bulb give rise to local inhibitory neurons that integrate into existing circuitry throughout adult life. However, the functional properties of neurotransmitter receptors expressed by NPCs are not well understood. In this study, we use patch-clamp recording and c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00821.2009
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, an essential tremor-like phenotype has been noted in animals with a global knockout of the GABAAα1 subunit. Given the hypothesized role of the cerebellum in tremor, including essential tremor, we used transgenic mice to selectively knock out the GABAAα1 subunit from cerebellar Purkinje cells. We examined t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00100.2020
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The magnitude of postsynaptic Ca(2+) transients is thought to affect activity-dependent synaptic plasticity associated with learning and memory. Large Ca(2+) transients have been implicated in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), while smaller Ca(2+) transients have been associated with long-term depression ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.1.399
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We investigated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors using thin slice patch-clamp techniques in the swellings along axons of posterior pituitary nerve terminals. 2. Activation of the nerve terminal GABAA receptor induced a mean conductance change of 1.5 nS. Normalizing to area gave a mean conductance density of...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.3.1135
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Procedural skill learning requires iterative comparisons between feedback of self-generated motor output and a goal sensorimotor pattern. In juvenile songbirds, neural representations of both self-generated behaviors (each bird's own immature song) and the goal motor pattern (each bird's adult tutor song) are essentia...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00714.2018
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. There is a long-standing debate about whether the large spiny cells in the hilar region of the hippocampus should be classified as pyramidal cells of Ammon's horn or as a distinct cell type of the dentate gyrus. The rationale for grouping these hilar neurons (termed "mossy cells") with pyramidal cells of Ammon's ho...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.4.1281
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The small-signal linear characteristics of afferent responses from the isolated semicircular canal were described by the use of white-noise rotational acceleration inputs. The results, based on cross-correlation analysis, showed a striking and systematic variation in linear system impulse response characteristics from...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1976.39.3.631
更新日期:1976-05-01 00:00:00