Abstract:
:Drug therapy directed toward the fetus would be intended for either treating a fetal disorder or improving the capacity for later intrauterine or postnatal adaptation. Most reported trials involve single cases or small numbers of fetuses receiving the drug transplacentally after the first trimester, but before attaining maturity. Studies usually involve a single drug administered shortly before delivery. Treatments that are more direct or begun earlier in gestation are being attempted, but our limited understanding of fetal pharmacokinetics forces us to proceed cautiously. Studies to date have shown no risks to the mother and newborn infant, but long-term follow-up is necessary.
journal_name
Pharmacol Therjournal_title
Pharmacology & therapeuticsauthors
Rayburn WF,Payne GG Jrdoi
10.1016/0163-7258(93)90051-esubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-01-01 00:00:00pages
237-47issue
2eissn
0163-7258issn
1879-016Xpii
0163-7258(93)90051-Ejournal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::In the heart, Ca(2+) released from the intracellular Ca(2+) storage site, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), is the principal determinant of cardiac contractility. SR Ca(2+) release is controlled by dedicated molecular machinery, composed of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and a number of accessory proteins, inclu...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.06.002
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor that enables aerobic organisms to adapt to hypoxia. This is achieved through the transcriptional activation of up to 200 genes, many of which are critical to cell survival. Under conditions of normoxia, the hydroxylation of HIF by prolyl hydrox...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.07.005
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last decade, rigorous scientific methods have been applied to determine the effects of cannabinoids on nociceptive neurotransmission. Cannabinoids have been observed to markedly decrease signalling in specific neural pathways that transmit messages about pain. These effects were found to be due to the suppr...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(02)00252-8
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide with atherosclerosis being the major underlying pathology. The interplay between lipids and immune cells is believed to be a driving force in the chronic inflammation of the arterial wall during atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis is initiated ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.012
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The developing lung is highly susceptible to damage from exposure to environmental toxicants particularly due to the protracted maturation of the respiratory system, extending from the embryonic phase of development in utero through to adolescence. The functional organization of the lungs requires a coordinated ontoge...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.01.011
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past three decades have witnessed a welcome expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, against this backdrop, there have been some notable disappointments in drug development. Here we use these as case studies to emphasize the importance of info...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.012
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of drug transporters expressed in the body control the fate of drugs by affecting absorption, distribution, and elimination processes. In the small intestine, transporters mediate the influx and efflux of endogenous or exogenous substances. In clinical pharmacotherapy, ATP-dependent efflux transporters (ATP-...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.06.005
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension is associated with immune cells activation and their migration into the kidney, vasculature, heart and brain. These inflammatory mechanisms are critical for blood pressure regulation and mediate target organ damage, creating unique novel targets for pharmacological modulation. In response to angiotensin I...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107799
更新日期:2020-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::The class of chemicals known as the "organophosphates" (OPs) comprises many of the most common agricultural and commercial pesticides that are used worldwide as well as the highly toxic chemical warfare agents. The mechanism of the acute toxicity of OPs in both target and non-target organisms is primarily attributed t...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.03.001
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmaceutical industry offers the world's population alleviation and cure from a variety of medical conditions, while also contributing to the economic performance of many countries. The potential importance of these characteristics have made the industry an area of intense debate, criticism and praise. This revi...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(95)00002-x
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The leukotrienes are synthesized from essential fatty acids via a 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. Most is known about the four-series leukotrienes derived from arachidonic acid. Leukotriene B4 is a potent chemotactic agent for leukocytes and it induces neutrophil-dependent increased microvascular permeability. Leukotrienes C4,...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(90)90035-z
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence has accumulated indicating that the interaction between NO and the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in cardiovascular regulation, not only in experimental animals, but also in humans. NO interacts with the autonomic nervous system both at the central level and peripherally. In this review, we ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.11.009
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) formed via endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) plays crucial roles in the regulation of blood flow through vasodilatation and decreased vascular resistance in various organs and tissues. NO derived from eNOS also contributes to the inhibition of platelet aggregation, adhesi...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.04.009
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a growing clinical problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development of safe and effective pharmacological treatments for AF is one of the greatest unmet medical needs facing our society. In spite of significant progress in non-pharmacological AF treatments (largely due...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.08.002
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by pathophysiological factors including airflow limitation, hyperinflation and reduced gas exchange. Treatment consists of lifestyle changes, lung rehabilitation and pharmacological therapies such as long acting beta-2-agonists (L...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.007
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aromatic amine 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) produced neoplasms in diverse target organs of many animal species. AAF was DNA-reactive after N-hydroxylation by CYP1A2 in the liver and nitrenium ion formation at the target site. In mouse bladder, AAF-DNA adducts were proportional to dose. An epigenetic component for t...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 共识发展会议,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(96)00063-0
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotes and the best characterized damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). The biological activities of HMGB1 depend on its subcellular location, context and post-translational modifications. Inside the nucleus, HMGB1 is engaged in many D...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.12.005
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several amphetamine analogs are potent psychostimulants and major drugs of abuse. In animal models, the psychomotor and reinforcing effects of amphetamine, methamphetamine (METH), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; Ecstasy), and methylphenidate (MPD; Ritalin) are thought to be dependent on increased extracellula...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.08.004
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) exerts a variety of biological actions under both physiological and pathological conditions. NO is synthesized by three distinct NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, including neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS), all of which are expressed in the human cardiovascular system. The role...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.08.010
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing epidemiological and experimental evidence implicates gestational infections as one important factor involved in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Corresponding preclinical model systems based upon maternal immune activation (MIA) by treatment of the pregnant female have been developed....
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.001
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence of a critical role played by the bronchial epithelium in airway homeostasis is opening new therapeutic avenues. Its unique situation at the interface with the environment suggests that the subtle regulation orchestrated by the epithelium between tolerance and specific immune response might be impai...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.07.008
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past decade, it has become evident that dopamine plays an important role in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure. Dopamine exerts its actions via a class of cell-surface receptors coupled to G-proteins that belong to the rhodopsin family. Dopamine receptors have been classified into two famil...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(98)00027-8
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite difficulties in the interpretation of available data, certain general observations can be made on the epidemiology of poisioning. Childhood poisoning is usually accidental and tends to be associated with a low morbidity and mortality. In Western Europe and North America, it is most often due to household produ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(93)90069-p
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arterial obstructive syndromes result in heart disease, stroke and limb loss, disability, and mortality. Currently available therapeutics for patients with these conditions are inadequate or fail in a significant number of patients. The development of novel therapies for severe coronary arterial disease (CAD), periphe...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.08.005
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The understanding of renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains as a challenge. More than 10% of the population of developed countries suffer from CKD. Proliferation and activation of myofibroblasts and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins are the main features of kidney fibrosis, a process in whi...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.10.003
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::During physiological development and after a stressor event, vascular cells communicate with each other to evoke new vessel formation-a process known as angiogenesis. This communication occurs via direct contact and via paracrine release of proteins and nucleic acids, both in a free form or encapsulated into micro-ves...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.001
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, or prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases (PTGS), are heme-containing bis-oxygenases that catalyze the first committed reaction in metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) to the potent lipid mediators, prostanoids and thromboxanes. Two isozymes of COX enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) have been identif...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.04.011
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aquaporin (AQP) water and solute channels have basic physiological functions throughout the human body. AQP-facilitated water permeability across cell membranes is required for rapid reabsorption of water from pre-urine in the kidneys and for sustained near isosmolar water fluxes e.g. in the brain, eyes, inner ear, an...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.08.002
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymorphisms have been detected in a variety of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes at both the phenotypic and genotypic level. In the case of four enzymes, the cytochrome P450 CYP2D6, glutathione S-transferase mu, N-acetyltransferase 2 and serum cholinesterase, the majority of mutations which give rise to a defective ph...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(93)90053-g
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::While antibiotics revolutionized the treatment of infectious disease in the 20th century, bacterial resistance now threatens to render many of them ineffective. Aminoglycosides are a class of clinically important antibiotics used in the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive and -negative organisms. They are ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(02)00197-3
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00