What is osteoporosis?

Abstract:

:Osteoporosis is a very common disorder, which results in an increase in fracture risk. The annual cost attributable to hip, vertebral, and wrist fractures in England and Wales is pound 1.7 billion. Significant mortality and morbidity are associated with osteoporotic fractures. The method that is most widely used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis is dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The aim of prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is to prevent the occurrence of future fractures. Lifestyle changes should be encouraged in high risk patients. Pharmacological treatments include the bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy, selective oestrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, the 1-34 fragment of parathyroid hormone, calcium and vitamin D supplements, and calcitriol.

journal_name

Postgrad Med J

authors

Christodoulou C,Cooper C

doi

10.1136/pmj.79.929.133

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2003-03-01 00:00:00

pages

133-8

issue

929

eissn

0032-5473

issn

1469-0756

journal_volume

79

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Evaluation and management of hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapy agents.

    abstract::Hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapy drugs pose significant difficulties in management, especially when no suitable alternative is available or acceptable and delay in continuation of treatment may be life-threatening. Such reactions may be IgE- or non-IgE-mediated and have varied manifestations. Timely recognit...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-132686

    authors: Tham EH,Cheng YK,Tay MH,Alcasabas AP,Shek LP

    更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00

  • Analysis of the human growth curve.

    abstract::Mathematical techniques are well suited to analysis of growth data. In the past there has been much emphasis on the mathematical description of shape and changes of shape as exemplified by the allometric equation. More recently these methods have been less popular and shape analysis has been handled largely by modern ...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Preece MA

    更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00

  • Genetics of ischaemic heart disease.

    abstract::Coronary heart disease, especially when it affects younger individuals, tends to cluster in families. Known risk factors occur in 50-75% of patients with myocardial infarction. Yet commonly occurring risk factors are not strongly inherited, and the familial aggregation of coronary heart diseas may not be attributable ...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.52.610.477

    authors: Epstein FH

    更新日期:1976-08-01 00:00:00

  • Lymphocytic meningitis as the sole manifestation of Q fever.

    abstract::A young man who presented with a 3 week history of fever and severe headache accompanied by mild leukocytosis, was found to have lymphocytic meningitis due to Coxiella burnetti. Thus, Q fever can present as lymphocytic (aseptic) meningitis responsive to tetracycline with no evidence of pulmonary involvement. ...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.69.814.636

    authors: Schattner A,Kushnir M,Zhornicky T,Fenakel G

    更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00

  • Review on therapeutic targets for COVID-19: insights from cytokine storm.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been caused the greatest pandemic of our century. Many of the deaths related to it are due to a systemic inflammatory response, which has been called 'cytokine storm'. OBJECTIVES:We developed a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology mec...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138791

    authors: Mélo Silva Júnior ML,Souza LMA,Dutra REMC,Valente RGM,Melo TS

    更新日期:2020-10-02 00:00:00

  • Haemodialysis and charcoal haemoperfusion in acute inorganic mercury poisoning.

    abstract::A 29-year-old gardener developed acute renal failure following the ingestion of 'Mersil', a combination of mercurous and mercuric chloride, achieving a plasma mercury concentration of 22,000 nmol/litre (400 micrograms/litre). Haemodialysis and charcoal haemoperfusion were ineffective in removing mercury despite prior ...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.60.707.636

    authors: Worth DP,Davison AM,Lewins AM,Ledgerwood MJ,Taylor A

    更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00

  • Why paleomedicine is useful for medical education.

    abstract::What is the place of medico-historical cases in the professional practice of the disciplinary field of medicine and biology? How can these patients from the past be used for teaching and continuing medical education? How to justify their place in biomedical publications? In this article, we explain all the legitimacy ...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137804

    authors: Charlier P,Donnell S,Lippi D,Nerlich A,Asensi V,Perciaccante A,Appenzeller O,Bianucci R

    更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis associated with outpatient treatment using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.

    abstract::The occurrence of ketoacidosis in out-patient diabetics treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has received little attention. We report two such cases of ketosis, each precipitated by infection and occurring in patients previously well controlled on CSII. This report illustrates that the risk of ...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.59.693.438

    authors: Boulton AJ,Knight G,Drury J,Ward JD

    更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00

  • Paraplegia due to thoracic disc herniation.

    abstract::Disc herniation at the thoracic the spine level is more common than generally thought. Localisation of pain may be vague and may erroneously point to cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, genito-urinary or even psychiatric disease. Magnetic resonance imaging is the investigation of choice, especially if spinal cord compr...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.73.861.423

    authors: Pal B,Johnson A

    更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00

  • Prevalence of frailty and reliability of established frailty instruments in adult elective colorectal surgical patients: a prospective cohort study.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Large population studies now demonstrate that frailty is prevalent in all adult age groups. Limited data exist on the association between frailty and surgical outcome in younger patients. The aim of the study was to explore the agreement between frailty identification tools and collect pilot data on their predi...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139417

    authors: Dale MacLaine T,Baker O,Burke D,Howell SJ

    更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00

  • Use of an emulsion formulation of propofol ('Diprivan') in intravenous anaesthesia for termination of pregnancy. A comparison with methohexitone.

    abstract::The use of an emulsion formulation of 2,6-diisopropylphenol (propofol) for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia was compared with methohexitone in 60 patients undergoing termination of pregnancy. In the dosages chosen the two agents appeared to be equi-potent. Propofol was associated with a statistically significa...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Cundy JM,Arunasalam K

    更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00

  • Platelets, aspirin, and cardiovascular disease.

    abstract::Aspirin was first synthesised 100 years ago and its preparation and marketing is generally reckoned to have been the foundation of the pharmaceutical industry. For most of the time since then it has been used for the relief of pain and fever. The modern phase of aspirin use commenced with the reporting in 1974 of a ra...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.74.876.587

    authors: Elwood PC,Hughes C,O'Brien JR

    更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00

  • Lung carcinoid related Cushing's syndrome: report of three cases and review of the literature.

    abstract::Three patients with lung carcinoid related Cushing's syndrome (LCRCS) treated at Frenchay Hospital, Bristol between 1984 and 1994 are described. The first patient presented with hyperpigmentation 13 years after bilateral adrenalectomy. The second patient had no recurrence or metastases 14 years after removal of a typi...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/pmj.77.909.464

    authors: Amer KM,Ibrahim NB,Forrester-Wood CP,Saad RA,Scanlon M

    更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00

  • Drain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute calculous cholecystitis: a randomised controlled study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:There is paucity of evidence regarding the role of drain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC), and surgeons have placed the drains based on their experiences, not on evidence-based guidelines. This study aims to assess the value of drain in LC for ACC in a randomised co...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-136828

    authors: Valappil MV,Gulati S,Chhabra M,Mandal A,Bakshi S,Bhattacharyya A,Ghatak S

    更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00

  • Guillain-Barré neuropathy during treatment with captopril.

    abstract::A patient is described who developed acute peripheral neuropathy of Guillain-Barré type occurring shortly after commencement of captopril for moderately severe hypertension and resolving after discontinuation of the drug. ...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.63.737.221

    authors: Chakraborty TK,Ruddell WS

    更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00

  • Biliary peritonitis secondary to perforation of common bile duct: an unusual presentation of chronic calcific pancreatitis.

    abstract::Common bile duct perforation causing biliary peritonitis is an unusual entity and a pancreatic calculus causing this perforation is all the more rare, and to our knowledge has not been reported previously. Such an unusual presentation of chronic calcific pancreatitis is herein reported. ...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.68.804.837

    authors: Kumar A,Kataria R,Chattopadhyay TK,Karak PK,Tandon RK

    更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00

  • Occupational cancer: interaction with life style factors.

    abstract::It is argued that as the major occupational cancer risks become matters of historical interest, research epidemiologists working in the field should broaden their approaches to encompass life style factors. In the investigation of possible low-cancer risks, it no longer makes any sense to confine their data-collecting...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.66.775.378

    authors: Roe FJ

    更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00

  • Ranitidine compared with cimetidine in the short-term healing of duodenal ulcer.

    abstract::The efficacy of ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) and cimetidine (200 mg three times daily and 400 mg at night) in the short-term healing of duodenal ulcer has been assessed in a randomized controlled trial involving 106 patients. There were 3 drop-outs. Forty-two out of 53 patients (79%) treated with ranitidine had hea...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.59.688.88

    authors: Lee FI,Fielding JD,Costello FT

    更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00

  • Stress mechanisms in hypertension.

    abstract::Recent studies of stress mechanisms in hypertension have focussed on the cardiovascular and neuroendocrine reactions to challenging or threatening psychosocial stimuli. Fixed hypertension may develop in some animal models following chronic exposure to psychosocial conflict. Acute experiments in humans show that marked...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.62.729.697

    authors: Steptoe A

    更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00

  • Transient pancytopenia associated with parvovirus infection in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.

    abstract::A 25 year old woman with a 15-year history of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria developed transient pancytopenia following infection with human parvovirus B19. This is the first report of transient pancytopenia in a patient with an acquired haemolytic anaemia due to parvovirus. The possible mechanism of pancytopeni...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.63.740.483

    authors: Lakhani AK,Malkovska V,Bevan DH,Anderson MJ

    更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00

  • Is non-steroidal anti-inflammaory drug (NSAID) enteropathy clinically more important than NSAID gastropathy?

    abstract::The side effects of conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the stomach is undoubtedly a serious public health problem contributing significantly to the morbidity and mortality of patients receiving these drugs. However, the damage of NSAIDs is not confined to the stomach. Indeed the short term ...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.2005.039586

    authors: Adebayo D,Bjarnason I

    更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical presentation and investigation of patients proceeding to isotope lung scanning for suspected pulmonary embolism.

    abstract::The presenting features of 250 consecutive patients who underwent a ventilation/perfusion lung scan for suspected pulmonary embolus (PE) were analysed. Ninety-six patients had lung scans highly suggestive of PE, with one or more unmatched segmental perfusion defects (scan positive), 86 had low probability scans (scan ...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.66.774.285

    authors: Fennerty AG,Shetty HG,Paton D,Roberts G,Routledge PA,Campbell IA

    更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00

  • Knowledge and attitudes of breast self examination in a group of women in Shiraz, southern Iran.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer related deaths among women worldwide. The disease in women occurs at a younger age in Iran than in western communities. OBJECTIVE:To determine the practice of breast self examination (BSE) among 25-54-year-old women in Shiraz, southern Iran. METHODS:Using a ...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.2008.072678

    authors: Simi A,Yadollahie M,Habibzadeh F

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00

  • Mondor's disease associated with metastatic lung cancer in the breast.

    abstract::We report what we believe is the first recorded case of Mondor's disease associated with metastatic lung cancer presenting in the breast. An association between Mondor's disease and primary breast cancer has been described previously. In patients with Mondor's disease and primary breast cancer has been described previ...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.65.768.779

    authors: Courtney SP,Polacarz S,Raftery AT

    更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00

  • Recent development of ischaemic heart disease in sex difference.

    abstract::Despite a dramatic decline in mortality over the past years, coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the world. At the same time, with the great improvement of medical science, there is a growing population of postmyocardial infarction, postrevascularisation and heart failure survivors. ...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.053140

    authors: Shu W,Lei W,Peng S

    更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00

  • Secretory symptoms from metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma responding to octreotide.

    abstract::The prognosis of patients with metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma is poor, and their disabling symptoms are usually unresponsive to conventional therapy. A patient with Cushing's syndrome secondary to a secretory adrenal cortical carcinoma was treated with octreotide, endocrine therapy and chemotherapy having faile...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.71.834.229

    authors: Pandha HS,Harrington K,Saini S,Lynn J,Peters M,Waxman J

    更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00

  • Survey of the use of epinephrine (adrenaline) for anaphylaxis by junior hospital doctors.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Anaphylaxis is a life threatening reaction where prompt and appropriate management can save lives. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is the treatment of choice; however, the recommended dose and route of administration of epinephrine used in the management of anaphylaxis is different from that used in the management ...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.2007.059097

    authors: Jose R,Clesham GJ

    更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of prostaglandin E1 on deposition of autologous labelled platelets onto human atherosclerotic lesions in vivo.

    abstract::The effects of infusions of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on platelet deposition at atherosclerotic sites in vivo in man have been examined. Thirteen patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease received intravenous PGE1 25 mg/kg/min for 6 hours daily for 5 days. Prostaglandin E1 had no effect on platelet uptake at athero...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/pgmj.63.738.245

    authors: Sinzinger H,O'Grady J,Fitscha P

    更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00

  • Health benefits from devolution in England: international lessons.

    abstract::The Chancellor of the Exchequer's recent announcements to devolve decision making power from Whitehall to 30 English regions provide a challenge to use devolution to deliver more favourable health outcomes. However evaluation of devolved health models internationally is scarce, because it is rarely considered. Evidenc...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133894

    authors: Doyle Y,Johnstone P

    更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00

  • Emerging concepts in the management of acute retinal necrosis.

    abstract::Acute retinal necrosis (ARN), also known as Kirisawa-type uveitis, is an uncommon condition caused by infection of the retina by one of the herpes family of viruses, most typically varicella zoster virus or herpes simplex virus and less commonly cytomegalovirus. Clinical diagnosis can be challenging and is often aided...

    journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-301983rep

    authors: Wong RW,Jumper JM,McDonald HR,Johnson RN,Fu A,Lujan BJ,Cunningham ET Jr

    更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00