Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The rate of binocular rivalry has been reported to be slower in subjects with bipolar disorder than in controls when tested with drifting, vertical and horizontal gratings of high spatial frequency. METHOD:Here we assess the rate of binocular rivalry with stationary, vertical and horizontal gratings of low spatial frequency in 30 subjects with bipolar disorder, 30 age- and sex-matched controls, 18 subjects with schizophrenia and 18 subjects with major depression. Along with rivalry rate, the predominance of each of the rivaling images was assessed, as was the distribution of normalized rivalry intervals. RESULTS:The bipolar group demonstrated significantly slower rivalry than the control, schizophrenia and major depression groups. The schizophrenia and major depression groups did not differ significantly from the control group. Predominance values did not differ according to diagnosis and the distribution of normalized rivalry intervals was well described by a gamma function in all groups. CONCLUSIONS:The results provide further evidence that binocular rivalry is slow in bipolar disorder and demonstrate that rivalry predominance and the distribution of normalized rivalry intervals are not abnormal in bipolar disorder. It is also shown by comparison with previous work, that high strength stimuli more effectively distinguish bipolar from control subjects than low strength stimuli. The data on schizophrenia and major depression suggest the need for large-scale specificity trials. Further study is also required to assess genetic and pathophysiological factors as well as the potential effects of state, medication, and clinical and biological subtypes.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Miller SM,Gynther BD,Heslop KR,Liu GB,Mitchell PB,Ngo TT,Pettigrew JD,Geffen LBdoi
10.1017/s0033291703007475subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-05-01 00:00:00pages
683-92issue
4eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The present study examined sensitivity to noise in subjects with Type A and Type B behaviour patterns as a function of the type of task being performed. Twenty Type A and 20 Type B subjects, selected by means of Bortner's scale (French version), were exposed to steadily increasing noise levels (68-110 dBA) while perfo...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700015245
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mental stress is associated with higher mortality, but it remains controversial whether the association is causal or a consequence of a higher physical disease burden in those with a high mental stress load. Understanding causality is important when developing targeted interventions. We aimed to estimate the...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717002380
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several psychological and neurobiological models imply that patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) are more inclined to utilize emotional cues as response determinants to the detriment of more task-appropriate cognitive or contextual cues. However, there is a lack of behavioural data from human clinical studies t...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291713000445
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monthly hospital admission rates (HA) for mania were classified by sex, type of admission (first, or re-admission) and by country (England and Wales or Scotland). Of the 8 classes thus created, all but one showed a statistically significant annual cycle with a peak in Summer and trough in Winter. There was no signific...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170001610x
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The variations in suicide mortality in England and Wales over a 100-year period (1876-1975) are explained by the development of a descriptive model. The model used in a stepwise linear regression using 5 variables including toxic gas production. The variables give a good description of the observed changes in suicide ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003329170005217x
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between 1968 and 1975 there was a marked, non-artefactual rise in the numbers of young female parasuicides admitted to the Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre in Edinburgh. The greatest increase in rates occurred among girls aged 15--19 (for events, persons and 'first-ever' episodes). Among teenagers the most marked i...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700032013
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships among symptoms, cognitive functioning and social functioning were investigated in 60 patients with recent-onset schizophrenia. Positive symptoms were unrelated to cognitive measures. Disorganization and depressive symptoms were correlated significantly with Card Sorting performance. Furthermore, only...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700025514
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, relapsing mental illness. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors block serotonin transporters (SERTs) and are the mainstay of treatment for OCD. SERT abnormalities are reported in drug-free patients with OCD, but it is not known what happens to SERT levels d...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291715001865
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unnatural causes of death due to traffic accidents (TA) and suicide attempts (SA) constitute a major burden on global health, which remained stable in the last decade despite widespread efforts of prevention. Recently, latent infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) has been suggested to be a biological risk facto...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1017/S0033291719000813
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Two types of mentalization-based treatment (MBT), day hospital MBT (MBT-DH) and intensive outpatient MBT (MBT-IOP), have been shown to be effective in treating patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study evaluated trajectories of change in a multi-site trial of MBT-DH and MBT-IOP at 36 mo...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720002123
更新日期:2020-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::In this study it was possible to prove the Werther effect in suicides after watching fictional models for the first time. A twice-broadcast (1981, 1982) six-episode weekly serial showing the railway suicide of a 19-year-old male student provided a quasi-experimental ABABA design to investigate differential effects of ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700008345
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pre- and perinatal adversities may increase the risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Hypoxia-related obstetric complications (OCs) are associated with brain anatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia, but their association with brain anatomy variation in bipolar disorder is unknown. METHOD:Magnetic r...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291713001529
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an effort to distil major findings about the nature of human ageing, seven propositions are presented as a guiding frame of reference. This propositional framework is then used to specify some conditions for a positive culture of old age and to advance one possible model of good psychological ageing. This model foc...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0033291700029846
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Developmental adversities may be risk factors for adult suicidal behavior, but this relationship has rarely been studied prospectively. The present study examined the association between childhood adversities and new onset suicidal ideation and attempts in an adult population-based sample. METHOD:The study ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291706008646
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study investigated factors contributing to suspected offending behaviour by adults with a history of learning disabilities taken into custody at a city police station. METHODS:Adults charged with offences, and/or leaving custody, during a defined period, were identified as having a possible learning di...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291797004777
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The attenuated positive symptoms syndrome (APSS) is considered an at-risk indicator for psychosis. However, the characteristics and developmental aspects of the combined or enriched risk criteria of APSS and basic symptom (BS) criteria, including self-experienced cognitive disturbances (COGDIS) remain under-...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291715002627
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Parental characteristics and practices predict borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms in children. However, it is difficult to disentangle whether these effects are genetically or environmentally mediated. The present study examines the contributions of genetic and environmental influences by compari...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719001260
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An uneven neurocognitive profile is a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies focusing on the visual memory performance in ASD have shown controversial results. We investigated visual memory and sustained attention in youths with ASD and typically developing (TD) youths. METHOD:We recruited 143 ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291714003201
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a possible alternative to electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of selected patients with depression, bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of rTMS...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0033291701004378
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of research on kleptomania--the syndrome of compulsive stealing--suggests that kleptomania may be a common disorder, especially among women, and that it may frequently be associated with other forms of psychopathology, such as mood, anxiety, and eating disorders. There appears to be a range of abnormal or non...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0033291700014690
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Almost nothing is known about the potential negative effects of Internet-based psychological treatments for depression. This study aims at investigating deterioration and its moderators within randomized trials on Internet-based guided self-help for adult depression, using an individual patient data meta-ana...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1017/S0033291716001562
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cognitive theory points to the importance of negative self-schemas in the onset and maintenance of depression and anxiety disorders. Hereby, it is important to distinguish between automatic and explicit self-schemas, reflecting different cognitive-motivational systems. This study tested whether patients with...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291709991371
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A standardized pegboard task was used to investigate changes in manipulative skill as a function of age in 119 right-handed subjects. The typical pattern of cognitive impairment in old age indicates a relative preservation of functions which depend on the integrity of the left hemisphere. In accord with these observat...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700005109
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CANTAB battery of neuropsychological tests was used to compare the performance of 28 patients with unipolar depression with that of 22 age and IQ matched controls. The patients were impaired on almost all tests studied with deficits in pattern and spatial recognition memory, matching to sample, spatial span, spati...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700035303
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are many reports which suggest that patients with effective illness (mania and/or depression) have abnormalities in the functioning of one or more neurobiological systems. At a conference convened by the Clinical Research Branch, Division of Extramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, thes...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700055057
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The ability to decode emotional information from facial expressions is crucial for successful social interaction. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by serious problems in interpersonal relationships and emotional functioning. Empirical research on facial emotion recognition in BPD has be...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291708004273
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The relationship between white-matter tracts and executive functions (EF) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not been well studied and previous studies mainly focused on frontostriatal (FS) tracts. The authors explored the microstructural property of several fibre tracts hypothesized to b...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291715002767
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diagnostic communication between doctors and patients is thought to differ radically between Japan and Western countries. To understand diagnostic disclosure to psychiatric patients, a questionnaire with six case vignettes was sent to practising psychiatrists in Japan (N = 166) and North America (N = 112). While over ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700032803
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be delivered efficaciously through various modalities, including telephone (T-CBT) and face-to-face (FtF-CBT). The purpose of this study was to explore predictors of outcome in T-CBT and FtF-CBT for depression. METHOD:A total of 325 depressed participants were randomiz...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291715001208
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparison between general practice attenders and community subjects with emotional distress (as measured by GHQ-12) showed that women from a general practice sample reported more social problems than those from the community. In both men and women, problems with their spouse or partner were far more likely among gene...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700028063
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00