Abstract：
:The design of the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection cycle is tightly fitted to the differentiation program of its natural host, the keratinocyte. This has important consequences for the role of antigen-presenting cells in the priming of antiviral immunity. The confinement of HPV infection to epithelia puts the epithelial dendritic cell, the Langerhans cell (LC), in charge of the induction of T cell-dependent immunity. Because HPV-infected keratinocytes cannot reach the regional lymphoid organs, and HPV-infection of LCs does not result in viral gene expression, priming of antiviral T cells exclusively depends on cross-presentation of viral antigens by the LC. Sensitization of the immune system in the regional lymphoid organs elicits systemic anti-HPV immunity as well as intraepithelial immune surveillance by memory-type intraepithelial T cells and locally produced antibodies. The high rate of spontaneous rejections of high-risk HPV-infections and HPV-positive premalignant lesions indicates that in general the LC-driven antigen presentation machinery is capable of raising an effective immune defense against HPV. Epidemiological studies also reveal that a decrease in the vigilance of the immune system is readily exploited by HPV to escape immune destruction, resulting in persistent infections and development of HPV-positive cancers. In view of the inherent antigenicity of HPV, immune intervention strategies constitute a promising approach for both the prevention and the therapeutic treatment of HPV-induced diseases. Importantly, the mechanisms that govern the induction and effector phases of the intraepithelial immune surveillance against HPV must be taken into account when designing such strategies.
journal_name
Curr Top Microbiol Immunoljournal_title
Current topics in microbiology and immunologyauthors
Offringa R,de Jong A,Toes RE,van der Burg SH,Melief CJdoi
10.1007/978-3-662-06508-2_10subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
215-40eissn
0070-217Xissn
2196-9965journal_volume
276pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:It has been estimated that there are more microorganisms within and upon the human body than there are human cells. By necessity, every accessible niche must be defended by innate mechanisms to prevent invasive infection, and ideally that precludes the need for robust inflammatory responses. Yet the potential for path...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-29916-5_5
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wild aquatic bird populations have long been considered the natural reservoir for influenza A viruses with virus transmission from these birds seeding other avian and mammalian hosts. While most evidence still supports this dogma, recent studies in bats have suggested other reservoir species may also exist. Extensive ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2014_396
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is the major surface glycoprotein on influenza viruses and mediates viral attachment and subsequent fusion with host cells. The HA is the major target of the immune response, but due to its high level of variability, as evidenced by substantial antigenic diversity, it had been historically...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2014_413
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family that consists of viruses with nonsegmented negative-strand RNA genome. Infection by these viruses triggers the innate antiviral response of the host, mainly type I interferon (IFN). Essentially all other viruses of this family produce IFN supp...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-38919-1_9
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Remarkable progress has been made in reducing measles incidence and mortality as a consequence of implementing the measles mortality reduction strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The revised global measles mortality reduction goal set forth in the WHO-UNICEF Glo...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-540-70617-5_9
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Animal models of ricin toxicosis are necessary for testing the efficacy of therapeutic measures, as well studying the mechanisms by which ricin exerts its toxicity in intact animals. Because ricin can serve as a particularly well-characterized model of tissue damage, and the host response to that damage, studies of th...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/82_2011_173
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An account is given of the experiences and events which led to a search being undertaken for a causative virus in the recently described Burkitt's lymphoma and of the steps which ultimately culminated in the discovery of the new human herpesvirus which came to be known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-22822-8_1
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell-based therapies with various lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells are promising approaches for cancer immunotherapy. The transfusion of T lymphocytes, also called adoptive cell therapy (ACT), is an effective treatment for viral infections, has induced regression of cancer in early stage clinical trials, and m...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2010_94
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Xenotransplantation is a public health concern because it has the potential to infect human recipients with zoonotic and other infectious agents that are not endemic in human populations, thereby potentially introducing new infections to the human community. From this perspective, xenotransplantation clinical trials c...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-55541-1_2
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen, responsible for infections in the community and the healthcare setting. Although much of the attention is focused on the methicillin-resistant "variant" MRSA, the methicillin-susceptible counterpart (MSSA) remains a prime species in infections. The epidemiology of ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this chapter, cancer research using immunodeficient mice, with emphasis on metastasis field studies, is described. The definition of "humanized mice" used for biomedical research is given in the chapter by Nomura et al. in this volume. Briefly, a humanized mouse possesses human cells or tissues and shows, in part, ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-540-75647-7_11
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-540-34594-7_6
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-60162-0_28
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important human respiratory pathogen with narrow species tropism. Limited availability of human pathologic specimens during early RSV-induced lung disease and ethical restrictions for RSV challenge studies in the lower airways of human volunteers has slowed our understanding of ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-38919-1_19
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2015_475
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_8
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An evolution in modern malaria research occurred with the completion of the Plasmodium falciparum genome project and the onset and application of novel post-genomic technologies. Corresponding with these technological achievements are improvements in accessing and purifying parasite material from 'hard-to-reach' stage...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-29088-5_16
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By now, it is well established that the error rate of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that replicates RNA virus genomes is a primary driver of the mutation frequencies observed in RNA virus populations-the basis for the RNA quasispecies. Over the last 10 years, a considerable amount of work has uncovered the m...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2015_483
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Certain vertebrates are capable of regenerating parts of the eye, including the lens. Depending on the species, two principal forms of in vivo lens regeneration have been described wherein the new lens arises from either the pigmented epithelium of the dorsal iris or the cornea epithelium. These forms of lens regenera...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2012_289
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to regulate and even target mutagenesis is an extremely valuable cellular asset. Enzyme-catalyzed DNA cytosine deamination is a molecular strategy employed by vertebrates to promote antibody diversity and defend against foreign nucleic acids. Ten years ago, a family of cellular enzymes was first described ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-37765-5_1
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Naturally arising CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells, which express the transcription factor Foxp3, play key roles in the maintenance of immunologic self-tolerance and negative control of a variety of physiological and pathological immune responses. The majority of them are produced by the normal thymus as a functionally ma...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/3-540-29714-6_3
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Axonal transport ensures long-range delivery of essential components and signals between proximal and distal areas of the neuron, and it is crucial for neuronal homeostasis and survival. Several pathogens and virulence factors use this route to gain access to the central nervous system, exploiting the complex and stil...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-33570-9_5
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our knowledge of the organization and regulation of the murine hematopoietic stem cell hierarchy has, in large measure, been the result of the development of in vivo reconstitution assays for cells of various levels of differentiation. For example, many basic stem cell concepts were established using CFU-S as a paradi...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-74974-2_26
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clostridium difficile causes infectious diarrhoea in humans and animals. It has been found in both diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal pigs, horses and cattle, suggesting a potential reservoir for human insection, and in 20-40 % of meat products in Canada and the USA, suggesting the possibility, albeit not proven, of food-b...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2012_237
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding how cell growth is regulated in response to environmental signals remains a challenging biological problem. Recent studies indicate the TOR (target of rapamycin) kinase acts within an intracellular regulatory network used by eukaryotic cells to regulate their growth according to nutrient availability. Th...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-18930-2_3
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rho GTPases are molecular switches controlling a broad range of cellular processes including lymphocyte activation. Not surprisingly, Rho GTPases are now recognized as pivotal regulators of antigen-specific T cell activation by APCs and immunological synapse formation. This review summarizes recent advances in our und...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-27511-8_5
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as applied in mass cytometry, enabled its broad applicability to life science research. Mass cytometry enables the high-dimensional characterization of cellular systems by simultaneously measuring dozens of metal isotope reporter labeled antibodi...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/82_2013_335
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter highlights the cholera situation in South Asia and the Bay of Bengal region, the original 'homeland' of cholera. A detailed discussion of cholera outbreaks in individual countries in South-East Asia follows. The countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) SEARO (South-East Asia Region) region are dis...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2014_362
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Climate change adds complexity and uncertainty to human health issues such as emerging infectious diseases, food security, and national sustainability planning that intensify the importance of interdisciplinary and collaborative research. Collaboration between veterinary, medical, and public health professionals to un...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2012_274
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes can result in either anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects or prostimulatory consequences through presentation of cell-associated antigens to T cells. The differences in outcome are due to the conditions under which apoptosis is induced, the type of phagocytic cell,...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-27320-4_12
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
