Abstract:
:Causal hypotheses for spastic cerebral palsy were sought by comparing a population based sample of 183 cases with 549 matched controls. A time-ordered multivariate analysis was used to distinguish confounders and consequences of disease from possible causes, which could be single factors or sequences of factors. Eighteen factors were identified as having an association with spasticity that did not arise by confounding with other identified factors nor as a consequence of the disease. Nearly half the cases (48.6%) but only 14.4% of controls experienced one or more of these factors, but no one factor was experienced by > 11%, and most by < 5%, of cases. Those factors identified as occurring before labour commenced affected 35% of all cases. The proportion of cases experiencing identified factors and the distribution of those factors between epochs varied with gestation of delivery and with description and severity of impairment. The possible timing of causes in cases without identified factors and the role of preterm birth and poor intrauterine growth are discussed. We conclude that there were many pathways to spastic cerebral palsy many of which could not be identified. Each contributed only a small proportion and many may have been multifactorial. Intrapartum initiation of the aetiological pathway was relatively unimportant, being likely in about 9% of cases, but the majority of pathways commenced predelivery.
journal_name
Paediatr Perinat Epidemioljournal_title
Paediatric and perinatal epidemiologyauthors
Blair E,Stanley Fdoi
10.1111/j.1365-3016.1993.tb00405.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-07-01 00:00:00pages
272-301issue
3eissn
0269-5022issn
1365-3016journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:To investigate the association between maternal country of birth and father's origin and unplanned and planned caesarean birth in Sweden. METHODS:Population-based register study including all singleton births in Sweden between 1999 and 2012 (n = 1 311 885). Multinomial regression was conducted to estimate o...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ppe.12399
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A prospective study of 4934 babies of different ethnic groups has confirmed the high perinatal mortality rate for Pakistanis and has shown that this was not due to a reluctance to terminate a fetus who is known to be seriously malformed. The major cause of early mortality was a high rate of lethal malformations, which...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1991.tb00689.x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We evaluated the importance of measuring early vaginal levels of eight bacterial vaginosis (BV)-associated bacteria, at two points in pregnancy, and the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD) among pregnant women and the subgroup of pregnant women with a history of preterm delivery (PTD). METHODS:This ...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/ppe.12106
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is conflicting evidence concerning the relationship between breast feeding and wheezing illness. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is any association between breast feeding and wheezing in children aged over 5 years and to discover possible sources of heterogeneity. An electronic searc...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2011.01233.x
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bariatric procedures are on the rise. The risk of birth defects in pregnancies following such procedures may be increased (eg, due to nutrient deficiencies) or decreased (eg, due to decreased maternal body mass index, BMI). METHODS:We conducted a systematic literature review of the association between baria...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ppe.12517
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male genital tract birth defects have been associated in previous studies with several prenatal exposures to environmental and dietary risk factors. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between hypospadias and cryptorchidism, and the dietary habits of an agricultural population in Italy. A populati...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00918.x
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recurrence risk provides information on the heterogeneity of risk in the population, and thus is useful for aetiological studies. While recurrence risk is observable in many areas of epidemiology, it is particularly accessible in the study of perinatal events. High recurrence rates of pregnancy problems suggest geneti...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00830.x
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obtaining gestational data of acceptable validity on whole populations is a considerable challenge, which must be met in order to further epidemiological investigation involving perinatal factors. As the means of estimating gestational duration multiply, routinely available population data pertaining to gestational du...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00562.x
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Twins and triplets fall behind singletons in cognitive and physical development. We analysed whether these differences are modified by family social position. METHODS:IQ, height, body mass index (BMI) and elbow flexion, handgrip and knee extension strength were measured in Swedish men born between 1951 and ...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ppe.12054
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To estimate maternal age effects on the rates of vaginal birth after caesarean delivery (VBAC), the related maternal complications and patient election to attempt VBAC, we conducted a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study of women who were offered VBAC from 1996 to 2000 in 17 community and university hosp...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00794.x
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gender mix, especially the supposed hormone transfer in utero of the male fetus to his female co-twin, is a highly debated controversial subject. It occurs in animals (free-martin syndrome in the cow) but its existence in man has not been convincingly demonstrated. Two aspects of gender mix effects in man, birthweight...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00613.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium supplementation in mothers with low calcium intake has been of interest recently because of its association with optimal fetal growth and improved pre-eclampsia-related outcomes. While the effects of calcium supplementation have demonstrated benefits in prolonging gestation and subsequently improving birthweig...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01088.x
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deformational plagiocephaly, an abnormal asymmetric flattening of infants' heads, is diagnosed in approximately 10% of infants. The prevalence of plagiocephaly has increased dramatically since 1992 when it was first recommended that infants be placed to sleep in a non-prone position to reduce the risk of sudden infant...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01038.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perinatal deaths were systematically investigated over a 25-month period in a Zimbabwean district and were classified into pathological subgroups according to Wigglesworth. There were 319 perinatal deaths (a rate of 30.6 per 1000) including 83 normally formed macerated stillbirths, 28 cases of congenital malformation,...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1989.tb00380.x
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Comparable evidence on adiposity inequalities in early life is lacking across a range of European countries. This study investigates whether low maternal education is associated with overweight and obesity risk in children from distinct European settings during early childhood. METHODS:Prospective data of 4...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ppe.12285
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the correlation and agreement between the calculated 'gestational interval' from the date of last menstrual period (LMP) and the Ballard newborn assessment of gestational maturity. It then investigates selected maternal socio-demographic, prenatal, intrapartum and infant factors which may account f...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1990.tb00628.x
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is variability between women for days of menstrual bleeding, cycle lengths, follicular phase lengths, and luteal phase lengths, related to age and parity. OBJECTIVE:To describe total cycle length; anovulatory cycles; follicular and luteal phase lengths; and days and intensity of menstrual and non-mens...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ppe.12644
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite nearly four million deliveries in the United States each year, minimal information exists on unintended health consequences following childbirth, particularly in relation to delivery method. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between method of delivery and the general health status, sexual...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-3016.2001.00345.x
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used 1.4 million fetal death and birth certificates filed in Georgia between 1980 and 1992 to construct 369,686 chains of two or more reproductive events occurring to the same woman. We evaluated these chains using both information on the certificates and information independently collected in interviews with 1311 ...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1997.tb00799.x
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes a cohort study of over 5000 infants and their mothers who participated in a cord blood serosurvey designed to examine the relationship between maternal exposure to Lyme disease and adverse pregnancy outcome. Based on serology and reported clinical history, mothers of infants in an endemic hospita...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1995.tb00148.x
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes the timing of puberty in 8- to 13-year-old girls enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and identifies factors associated with earlier achievement of menarche. Women were enrolled during pregnancy and their offspring were followed prospectively. We analysed self-r...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01055.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether the improved survival of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants (< 1500 g) born in Australia can be attributed to currently high rates of Caesarean section, we examined the associations between neonatal mortality and Caesarean section in singleton liveborn VLBW infants (500-1499 g) born during 1986-9...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-3016.1997.d01-19.x
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Percentiles of weight-by-gestational age were constructed for first and second births, based on linked sibship-data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Standards were made for weight-by-gestational age of second births conditional on whether the first birth was small-for-gestational age (SGA) or large-for-gesta...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1989.tb00531.x
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A secular trend towards earlier puberty has been observed in girls, while a similar trend has been more uncertain in boys. We estimated current ages at pubertal development in both boys and girls. METHODS:In this population-based cohort study, 14 759 of 22 439 invited boys and girls born from 2000 to 2003 i...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ppe.12507
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following evidence that prone sleeping is causally related to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), intervention campaigns to avoid prone sleeping in many countries have led to a large reduction in SIDS and total infant mortality. The supine position has been recommended for healthy infants in several countries. The ob...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-3016.1999.00194.x
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Case-control studies of clinic samples constitute the usual research method for the investigation of the causes and course of psychiatric disorder. However, they carry substantial disadvantages and if causal hypotheses are to be tested in rigorous fashion, it is necessary to use longitudinal research strategies applie...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1993.tb00387.x
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several investigators have reported a 40% increase in the prevalence of twinning among women who have taken folic acid or multivitamins containing folic acid at the time of conception. Given that infant morbidity and mortality are greatly increased among twins, such a large increase in twinning could have serious impl...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00511.x
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Social differences in late fetal death and infant mortality were examined in a population-based prospective study. All singletons born to Nordic citizens in Sweden 1985-86 were included, 185,156 births in all. The overall rates of late fetal death and infant mortality were 3.5 and 5.3 per 1000 respectively. Socio-econ...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1993.tb00599.x
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of secondary enuresis was examined in a birth cohort of New Zealand children studied to the age of 10 years. By this age, 7.9% of children had developed secondary enuresis. Analysis suggested two risk factors were involved in secondary enuresis. First, children who were late to attain nocturnal bladder...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1990.tb00618.x
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Limited evidence exists on the association between exposure to Helicobacter pylori infection early in life, including fetal life, and neurodevelopment in childhood. METHODS:We used prospective data on 352 mother-child pairs and cross-sectional data on 674 children to assess the association of maternal and c...
journal_title:Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ppe.12374
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00