Abstract:
:gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter that serves about one-third of brain neurons, is involved in the development of depression and in the treatment of depression and mania with pharmacological therapy. Brain activity of GABA may be conveniently measured in plasma, and changes in plasma concentrations of GABA reflect brain GABA activity. Plasma concentrations of GABA are significantly lower than control values in about one-third of patients with major depressive disorder; concentrations are also low in patients with mania and in bipolar patients who are depressed. These low concentrations of GABA appear to persist after recovery from depression and are not increased by treatments that improve depressive symptoms. Follow-up studies suggest that GABA concentrations remain relatively constant over at least 4 years. Additionally, preliminary data suggest that low plasma GABA is a familial marker of mood disorders in a subset of patients. Despite the difficulty of demonstrating that a particular biochemical measure is a true genetic trait marker for vulnerability for development of an illness, the accumulated data suggest that low plasma GABA may represent a biological marker of vulnerability for development of various mood disorders.
journal_name
Clin Chemjournal_title
Clinical chemistryauthors
Petty Fsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-02-01 00:00:00pages
296-302issue
2eissn
0009-9147issn
1530-8561journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1967 the Health Care Financing Administration's proficiency-testing requirement applies to approximately 12,000 hospital, reference, and large-clinic laboratories in the United States. The Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene is approved by the Health Care Financing Ad...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an important marker for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer, and the free PSA/total PSA ratio has been shown to be efficient for distinguishing prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia. We report here the characterization of seven mouse monoclonal antib...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a solid-phase two-site immunoenzymometric assay (IEMA) of the estrogen-induced 52-kDa cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5) and its processed forms (48-kDa and 34-kDa proteins) in cytosols of breast cancer tissues, using two monoclonal antibodies directed against two different epitopes of these antigens. The first an...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Test repetition could be a readily modifiable component of laboratory utilization. Laboratory test repetition has not been rigorously studied at a population-based level. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of, and charges associated with, repetition of eight common laboratory tests. METHODS:We pe...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2003.021220
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Eph receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, represent a large class of cell-cell communication molecules with well-defined developmental functions. Their role in healthy adult tissues and in human disease is still largely unknown, although diverse roles in carcinogenesis have been postulated. METHODS:We e...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2003.026849
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured certain enzyme activities (aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase) and inflammation markers (alpha 1-antitrypsin, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and leukocytes) each day for four days in plasma of patients with severe head injury. The univariate prognostic efficie...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Commercially available SARS-CoV-2 serological assays based on different viral antigens have been approved for the qualitative determination of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. However, there are limited published data associating the results from commercial assays with neutralizing antibodies. METHODS:67 speci...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvaa211
更新日期:2020-09-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The bleeding time (BT) test predicts a higher bleeding complication rate in populations at risk for inherited or acquired platelet dysfunction, but it is of limited assistance in evaluating individual patients. There are no reports of clinical outcomes after discontinuation of the BT test. METHODS:Interview...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estimation of plasma catecholamine concentrations by "high-performance" liquid chromatography, although increasingly used, still presents difficulties. We describe a method for clean-up of plasma samples on cation-exchange resin before they are extracted with alumina. This procedure eliminates many of the interfering ...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synovial fluid samples were collected from 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthropathy, or osteoarthritis, to study their content of elastase (EC 3.4.21.37) and of cysteine proteinases (EC 3.4.22.1, 3.4.22.15). We measured both elastase complexed with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and elastase activity to...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we determined the prevalence of autoantibodies against casein kinase II (CKII) in patients positive for anti-70K marker antibodies, which is indicative of mixed connective tissue disease. An anti-CKII ELISA was established with the use of bacterially expressed recombinant CKII proteins. Eight out of 52 a...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared cotinine, carboxyhemoglobin, and thiocyanate concentrations in blood sampled from 187 cigarette smokers and 181 non-smokers. All three differed significantly between smokers and non-smokers. Cotinine performed best as a test for assessing smoking status, with a sensitivity of 98% as compared with 94% for c...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was undertaken to assess the short-term (intrapregnancy) and long-term (interpregnancy) variability of the 1-h 50-g oral glucose challenge test (GCT). Two groups of pregnant women had GCTs in consecutive pregnancies, 1 (n = 77) and 2 (n = 43) years apart. Their results were compared with published results for ...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this liquid-chromatographic method for the determination of bromide in human serum, an important and unique feature is pre-analysis ultrafiltration of the sample, which effectively removes proteins. The chromatographic system consists of an anion-exchange column (Whatman Partisil SAX 10-micron particles), an isocra...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::If there were enzymatically inactive B subunits in a solution containing lactate dehydrogenase (LD) B4 prepared from the hemolysates of heterozygous individuals with LD-B subunit deficiency, the inactive subunits would compete with normal subunits for antibodies to the B4 subunit. Using the activity of normal LD-B4 as...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunoradiometric analysis has made it possible to measure ferritin reliably in serum. The determination is a sensitive means of assessing body iron because concentrations of ferritin closely parallel the body's reticuloendothelial iron stores. The information provided is similar to that obtained from bone-marrow aspi...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive, specific, and simple method for determining serum or urine arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2) is described. The enzyme acts on phenyl acetate to release phenol, which produces a stable indophenol dye with 4-aminoantipyrine and potassium ferricyanide. Arylesterase, a thiol enzyme, is reactivated by 2-mercaptoethano...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The promise of targeted therapies in molecularly defined subsets of cancer has led to a transformation of the process of drug development in oncology. To target cancer successfully and precisely requires high-quality translational data. Such data can be generated by the use of biomarkers that answer key ques...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2012.191072
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The determination of cellular beta-galactocerebrosidase activity is an established procedure to diagnose Krabbe disease and monitor the efficacy of gene/stem cell-based therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring defective enzymatic activity in patients or disease models. Current biochemical assays for beta-ga...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.115873
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Understanding the distribution of C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration among adult women in the US helps to establish the magnitude of women at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. METHODS:We examined the distribution and correlates of CRP, using data from 2205 women >or=20 years of age from the Nat...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2003.027359
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated a new analyzer that measures lactate in undiluted whole blood by direct (or undiluted) amperometry [Nova Stat Profile 7 Analyzer (SP7); Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA] by comparing it with two other analyzers, one for measuring lactate in whole blood by indirect (or diluted) amperometry [Model 2300; Yellow ...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated a new discrete analyzer, the Hitachi 705. The instrument can process sequentially as many as 19 different enzymes or other analytes, with a throughput of 180 tests per hour. We evaluated the spectrophotometer, the sample and reagent probes, and the performance for 11 assays: creatine kinase, aspartate ami...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the specificity of kinetic methods of analysis, with emphasis on creatinine determination. The error contributed by an interferent that reacts with the analytical reagent and absorbs at the wavelength of analysis is shown to be related to the ratio of the equilibrium absorbances of the analyte and interfere...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the pattern of acute-phase proteins (orosomucoid, C-reactive protein, and haptoglobin) in hepatocellular deficiency due to chronic alcohol consumption, characterized by a decrease in serum transferrin concentration. We found that their patterns could vary independently of hepatocellular deficiency, but depe...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is important that cardiac troponin be measured accurately with a robust method to limit false results with potentially adverse clinical outcomes. In this study, we characterized the robustness of 4 analytical platforms by measuring the outlier rate between duplicate results. METHODS:We measured cardiac t...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2010.159830
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a fully automated method of analysis for plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine by use of a two-column system of "high-performance" liquid chromatography. Catecholamines in deproteinized plasma are purified on the first (preparation) column, then transferred automatically to the second (analytical) column i...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of gentamicin in serum. The antibiotic was separated from serum by passage through a silicic acid column, derivatized with o-phthalaldehyde, and eluted with ethanol. The derivatized gentamicin was then separated into all th...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Heparinized plasma samples allow more rapid analysis than serum samples, but preliminary studies showed lower cardiac troponin T (cTnT) results in plasma. We undertook a multicenter study to characterize this effect for cTnT and cardiac troponin I (cTnI). METHODS:Blood samples were collected with and withou...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a novel assay for measuring glycohemoglobin directly from anticoagulated whole blood with the Abbott IMx analyzer. The glycohemoglobin is labeled with a soluble polyanionic affinity reagent and the anionic complex is then captured with a cationic solid-phase matrix. Glycohemoglobin is quantified by measuri...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:C-Reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to be a strong predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) and is being considered in cardiovascular disease risk assessment. The number of normolipidemic individuals who are eligible for evaluation of CRP in overall CHD risk assessment is not known. METHODS:We analyzed...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2004.036004
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00