Abstract：
:During development of the somatic macronucleus of Tetrahymena thermophila, the rDNA is excised from its germ-line chromosome, rearranged into a palindrome, and amplified to 10(4) copies. We have identified a cis-acting germ-line mutation, rmm11/6, that prevents amplification of the rDNA in all but approximately 1 in 10(5) cells when it is the only rDNA allele in the developing macronucleus. The rmm11/6 mutation resides in a conserved element required for excision, the chromosome breakage sequence (Cbs) flanking the 3' end of the rDNA. Surprisingly, the rmm11/6 mutation only weakly affects excision of the rDNA from its germ-line location; at least 25% of cells heterozygous for this mutation correctly excise the affected rDNA allele. In heterozygotes, when this rDNA allele is excised, it is also poorly amplified. The rDNA amplification defect caused by this mutation is not overcome by delaying amplification with the DNA synthesis inhibitor aphidicolin, indicating that rDNA excision and amplification are not experimentally separable. Our experiments provide the first evidence that the capacity to amplify the rDNA is restricted in the developing macronucleus. We propose that the rmm11/6 mutation delays excision of the rDNA and that the developmental progression of the macronucleus past a restricted window for amplification is responsible for the severe amplification defect caused by this weak rDNA excision mutation.
journal_name
Genes Devjournal_title
Genes & developmentauthors
Kapler GM,Blackburn EHdoi
10.1101/gad.8.1.84subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
84-95issue
1eissn
0890-9369issn
1549-5477journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:DBP (albumin D-site-binding protein), HLF (hepatic leukemia factor), and TEF (thyrotroph embryonic factor) are the three members of the PAR bZip (proline and acidic amino acid-rich basic leucine zipper) transcription factor family. All three of these transcriptional regulatory proteins accumulate with robust circadian...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.301404
更新日期：2004-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The rpoH gene of Escherichia coli encodes sigma 32, the 32-kD sigma-factor responsible for the heat-inducible transcription of the heat shock genes. rpoH is transcribed from at least three promoters. Two of these promoters are recognized by RNA polymerase containing sigma 70, the predominant sigma-factor. We purified ...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.3.9.1462
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mitotic kinase Aurora A (Aur-A) is required for formation of a bipolar mitotic spindle and accurate chromosome segregation. In somatic cells, Aur-A protein and kinase activity levels peak during mitosis, and Aur-A is degraded during mitotic exit. Here, we investigated how Aur-A protein and kinase activity levels a...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.1007302
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inactivation of cyclin B-Cdc2 kinase at the exit from M phase depends on the specific proteolysis of the cyclin B subunit, whereas the Cdc2 subunit remains present at nearly constant levels throughout the cell cycle. It is unknown how Cdc2 escapes degradation when cyclin B is destroyed. In Xenopus egg extracts that re...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.823200
更新日期：2000-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a central kinase in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and its uncontrolled activation is a prominent oncogenic driver of hematopoietic neoplasms. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of JAK2 have remained elusive. Here we report that the Casitas B-cell lymphoma (C...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.297135.117
更新日期：2017-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein kinases are key regulators of cellular processes. In spite of considerable effort, a full understanding of the pathways they participate in remains elusive. We globally investigated the proteins that interact with the majority of yeast protein kinases using protein microarrays. Eighty-five kinases were purifie...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.1998811
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chromosomal translocations are a hallmark of hematopoietic malignancies. The initial molecular events or pathways that lead to translocations in hematopoietic cells are largely unknown, particularly in the stem cell-enriched population postulated to be the initial target for these events. We used in vitro differentiat...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.1522807
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incorporation of histone H1 into chromatin during embryogenesis directs the specific repression of the Xenopus oocyte 5S rRNA genes. An increase in histone H1 content specifically restricts TFIIIA-activated transcription, and a decrease in histone H1 within chromatin facilitates the activation of the oocyte 5S rRN...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.8.10.1147
更新日期：1994-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The assembly of activated RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription complexes has been investigated by assaying whether pre-assembly of intermediate complexes reduces the extended time required for start-site melting. The results show that a closed complex requiring factors IIA, IID, and the acidic activator GAL4-AH fo...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.6.9.1716
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The SNF1 protein kinase is broadly conserved in eukaryotes and has been implicated in responses to environmental and nutritional stress. In yeast, the SNF1 kinase has a central role in the response to glucose starvation. SNF1 is associated with its activating subunit, SNF4, and other proteins in complexes. Using the t...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.10.24.3105
更新日期：1996-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Persistent DNA double-strand breaks and telomeres represent genomic hazards, as they can instigate inappropriate repair reactions. Two recent papers by Oza and colleagues (pp. 912-917) and Schober and colleagues (pp. 928-938) show that both types of DNA ends are sequestered from bulk DNA by Mps3, a SUN domain protein ...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.1805309
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The product of the zygotically active decapentaplegic (dpp) gene appears to function as a morphogen that specifies positional information in the dorsal half of the Drosophila embryo. The dorsal-specific transcription of dpp is the key step in establishing a morphogen gradient. We demonstrate here that multiple regions...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.7.4.694
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hedgehog signaling has been linked to cell proliferation in a variety of systems; however, its effects on the cell cycle have not been closely studied. In the vertebrate retina, Hedgehog's effects are controversial, with some reports emphasizing increased proliferation and others pointing to a role in cell cycle exit....
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.391106
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dynamic assembly and disassembly of actin filaments is a major driving force for cell movements. Border cells in the Drosophila ovary provide a simple and genetically tractable model to study the mechanisms regulating cell migration. To identify new genes that regulate cell movement in vivo, we screened lethal mutatio...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.2028611
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of the CLB gene cluster through the assembly of Mcm1p-Fkh2p complexes at target promoters is essential for mitotic entry and transition through M phase. We show that the activation of this mitotic transcriptional program is dependent on the recruitment of Ndd1p, a coactivator that performs its essential fun...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.1074103
更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The embryonic ectoderm in Drosophila displays a highly organized arrangement of specific structures along the dorsal-ventral axis. To establish this characteristic design, cells must receive instructive cues regarding their position. We present evidence that during stages 8-9 of embryonic development, the Drosophila E...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.7.10.1937
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many eukaryotes, siRNAs bound to Argonaute proteins guide chromatin-modifying enzymes to complementary loci, resulting in transcriptional gene silencing. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that siRNAs base-pair with longer RNAs produced at target loci, but the possibility that siRNAs base-pair directly with DNA re...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.294900.116
更新日期：2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Disruptions in the use of skeletal muscle lead to muscle atrophy. After short periods of disuse, muscle atrophy is reversible, and even after prolonged periods of inactivity, myofiber degeneration is uncommon. The pathways that regulate atrophy, initiated either by peripheral nerve damage, immobilization, aging, catab...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.1318305
更新日期：2005-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Genome integrity is constantly monitored by sophisticated cellular networks, collectively termed the DNA damage response (DDR). A common feature of DDR proteins is their mobilization in response to genotoxic stress. Here, we outline how the development of various complementary methodologies has provided valuable insig...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1101/gad.2021311
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reelin (reln) and disabled 1 (dab1) genes both ensure correct neuronal positioning during brain development. We have found that the intracellular Dab1 protein receives a tyrosine phosphorylation signal from extracellular Reln protein. Genetic analysis shows that reln function depends on dab1, and vice versa, as ex...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.13.6.643
更新日期：1999-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Genomic imprinting is essential for mammalian development. Recent studies have revealed that maternal histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) can mediate DNA methylation-independent genomic imprinting. However, the regulatory mechanisms and functions of this new imprinting mechanism are largely unknown. Here we dem...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.318675.118
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Checkpoint genes maintain genomic stability by arresting cells after DNA damage. Many of these genes also control cell cycle events in unperturbed cells. By conducting a screen for checkpoint genes in zebrafish, we found that dtl/cdt2 is an essential component of the early, radiation-induced G2/M checkpoint. We subseq...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.1482106
更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian cells exhibit a complex response to DNA damage. The tumor suppressor BRCA1 and associated protein BARD1 are thought to play an important role in this response, and our previous work demonstrated that this includes transient inhibition of the pre-mRNA 3' processing machinery. Here we provide evidence that thi...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.1309505
更新日期：2005-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:During embryonic development in vertebrates, the endoderm becomes patterned along the anteroposterior axis to produce distinct derivatives. How this regulation is controlled is not well understood. We report that the zebrafish hairy/enhancer of split [E(spl)]-related gene her5 plays a critical role in this process. At...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Binding of microRNA (miRNA) to mRNA within the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) leads to either translational inhibition or to destruction of the target mRNA. Both of these functions are executed by Argonaute 2 (Ago2). Using hematopoiesis in mice as a model system to study the physiological function of Ago2 in viv...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.1565607
更新日期：2007-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Small noncoding RNAs, including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs) of approximately 21 nucleotides (nt) in length, have emerged as potent regulators of gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in diverse organisms. Here we report the identification of a novel class o...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.1434406
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Drosophila proteins Transformer (Tra) and Transformer2 (Tra2) regulate the sex-specific alternative splicing of Drosophila doublesex (dsx) pre-mRNA by specifically binding to a splicing enhancer (dsx repeat element; dsxRE) located 300 nucleotides (nt) downstream from a female-specific 3' splice site. In this paper...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.8.14.1703
更新日期：1994-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:An insulin receptor-like signaling pathway regulates Caenorhabditis elegans metabolism, development, and longevity. Inactivation of the insulin receptor homolog DAF-2, the AGE-1 PI3K, or the AKT-1 and AKT-2 kinases causes a developmental arrest at the dauer stage. A null mutation in the daf-16 Fork head transcription ...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.13.11.1438
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The histone variants H3.3 and H2A.Z have recently emerged as two of the most important features in transcriptional regulation, the molecular mechanism of which still remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the regulation of H3.3 and H2A.Z on chromatin dynamics during transcriptional activation. Our i...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.222174.113
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can trigger repressive chromatin, but how they recruit silencing factors remains unclear. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, heterochromatin assembly on transcribed noncoding pericentromeric repeats requires both RNAi and RNAi-independent mechanisms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which lacks a ...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.226019.113
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
