Abstract:
:In this chapter, we have presented evidence for several potential levels of interaction of NT/N gene products with dopaminergic systems of the brain. We have focused on one manifestation of this interaction related to the effects of antipsychotic drugs on expression of the NT/N gene in two anatomically discrete populations of neurons. It appears that certain antipsychotic drugs can dramatically increase expression of this gene in the dorsolateral striatum by blocking dopamine D2 receptors, perhaps by increasing expression of the gene encoding the transcriptional regulator fos. In addition, a second group of NT cells in the shell region of the nucleus accumbens also respond to these drugs by increasing NT/N gene expression. Several other peptides have been suggested to respond to treatment with antipsychotic drugs. However, there are some important differences with respect to their effects on the NT cells we have studied. The most important of these is the differential responsiveness of the DLSt and nucleus accumbens NT neurons to typical and atypical antipsychotics. We showed that all antipsychotic drugs tested increased NT/N mRNA gene expression in the accumbens, a region thought to be involved in dopaminergic disturbances underlying psychosis. However, only the typical neuroleptics that have a high propensity to induce acute extrapyramidal motor side effects influenced NT/N gene expression in the dorsolateral striatum, a structure importantly involved in regulation of motor functions. We hypothesize, therefore, that NT/N-expressing neuronal systems in the nucleus accumbens may mediate some or all of the antipsychotic effects, whereas those in the dorsolateral striatum may be involved in motor effects of neuroleptic drugs. Thus, examination of the effects of these drugs on these neuronal populations will not only clarify their mechanism of action, but in addition may provide a useful "screening" assay for new drugs with enhanced antipsychotic activity, but reduced propensity to induce the debilitating extrapyramidal side effects that are a major cause of patient noncompliance. Future studies will focus on the effects of antipsychotic drugs on NT neurons in clinically relevant models of chronic administration, and on the molecular events involved in their effects on expression of the NT/N gene in the brain.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Merchant KM,Dobie DJ,Dorsa DMdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb27339.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-01-01 00:00:00pages
54-69eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
668pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Three patients with the clinical diagnosis of Wallenberg's syndrome caused by acute unilateral ischemic infarctions, which included the vestibular nucleus in the medullary brain stem and afferent vestibular pathways, were examined by positron emission tomography (PET) during caloric vestibular stimulation. They all ha...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1325.035
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type II topoisomerases are essential enzymes that modulate DNA under- and overwinding, knotting, and tangling. Beyond their critical physiological functions, these enzymes are the targets for some of the most widely prescribed anticancer drugs (topoisomerase II poisons) in clinical use. Topoisomerase II poisons kill c...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.12358
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The large-scale differential gene expression in lymphomononuclear cells of six patients with recently diagnosed type), and six normal individuals matched to patients for sex and age were studied. Glass slides containing 4608 cDNAs from the IMAGE library were spotted using robotic technology. Statistical analysis was c...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1375.026
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Overt aggression in its various forms is the most prevalent symptom presenting to pediatric mental health providers, regardless of setting. It is a behavior with a heterogeneous etiology and requires a comprehensive approach to evaluation and treatment. Evaluation of the aggressive child must assess medical, neurologi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb32529.x
更新日期:1996-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperoxia and alkalemia, as a result of pulmonary hyperventilation and elevation of plasma DNA (pDNA), are seen during the first 24 h after ischemic stroke. In this study we have examined the correlation between pDNA and these blood parameters in health and stroke. Acid-base equilibrium, oxygen status, hemoglobin affi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1448.040
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirty percent of 51 obese adolescent girls seeking treatment for their obesity engaged in binge eating. Two psychometric measures, "disinhibition" and "happiness and satisfaction" predicted 63% of the variance in severity of binge eating. There was no difference in the history of dieting between obese subjects who bi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18850.x
更新日期:1993-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::The proper function of skeletal muscles relies on their ability to process signals derived from motor neurons, transmit stimuli along the muscle fibers, contract, and regenerate efficiently after injury. The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC; also called the dystrophin-associated protein complex) plays a central ro...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13500
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since NTS neurons receive synaptic input from many sensory modalities, it is crucial to understand the neuronal mechanisms involved in synaptic processing. We have proposed that GABA-containing neurons in the NTS are the primary target for somatic afferent fibers activated by skeletal muscle contraction. In our model,...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by plaques, areas of destroyed myelin sheaths in the CNS, which results in multiple disabilities for patients. In addition to demyelinated plaques, pathophysiological studies have shown "shadow plaques" that represent areas of part...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1342.015
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preclinical safety and efficacy evaluation of a novel bioartificial liver support system (BLSS) was conducted using a D-galactosamine canine liver failure model. The BLSS houses a suspension of porcine hepatocytes in a hollow fiber cartridge with the hepatocytes on one side of the membrane and whole blood flowing on t...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08516.x
更新日期:1999-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::The W-curve is a numerical mapping algorithm that provides tertiary information content of long and short genomic sequences. The most popular genomic pattern recognition algorithms depend on string matching of the primary information content of short genomic sequences. Herein, we describe a way to define the fuzzy pro...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04887.x
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Familial British dementia (FBD) is a disorder characterized by the presence of amyloid deposits in cerebral blood vessels and brain parenchyma coexisting with neurofibrillary tangles in limbic areas. The amyloid subunit (ABri) is a 4 kDa fragment of a 266 amino acid type II single-spanning transmembrane precursor prot...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06908.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding activities in the three brain regions (striatum, nucleus accumbens, cingulate cortex) increased after a single methamphetamine (METH, 4 mg/kg) injection and reached maximum levels after 180 min. Pretreatment with SCH 23390 (0.5 mg/kg), a selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist,...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17428.x
更新日期:1996-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::Deployments of tear gas and pepper spray have rapidly increased worldwide. Large amounts of tear gas have been used in densely populated cities, including Cairo, Istanbul, Rio de Janeiro, Manama (Bahrain), and Hong Kong. In the United States, tear gas was used extensively during recent riots in Ferguson, Missouri. Whe...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13141
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have shown that drinking red wine reduces oxidation of LDL. This reduction in oxidation has been attributed to the polyphenolic compounds in red wine, but the mechanisms of absorption and metabolism of these compounds has been unclear. We therefore investigated the absorption and metabolism of polyphenols using rat...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02934.x
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Frontal lobe functions include a range of cognitive, emotional, and social abilities that enable goal-directed behavior. Although a number of studies have plotted the development of frontal lobe functions in childhood, few have extended into the adolescent years. There is also little information on which cognitive and...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1308.045
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular biological approach has provided important information toward understanding the complexities of the F0F1 ATPase. This article focuses on our recent results on the ATPase catalytic site contained in the beta subunit and the role of the gamma subunit in regulation of proton transport. We used a combination...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb43807.x
更新日期:1992-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary and human factors have been found to be the major factors influencing the bioavailability of micronutrients, such as provitamin A carotenoid (pVAC), iron, and zinc, in biofortified crops. Dietary factors are related to food matrix structure and composition. Processing can improve pVAC bioavailability by disrup...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13301
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::B beta Arg166 to Cys substitution was identified in an abnormal fibrinogen named fibrinogen Longmont. The proband, a young woman, and her mother were heterozygous; both experienced episodes of severe hemorrhage at childbirth. The neo-Cys residues were found to be disulfide-bridged to either an isolated Cys amino acid ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human epidemiologic studies provide convincing evidence that dietary patterns practiced during adulthood are important contributors to age-related cognitive decline and dementia risk. Diets high in fat, especially trans and saturated fats, adversely affect cognition, while those high in fruits, vegetables, cereals, an...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1396.028
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primate orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is often treated as a single entity, but architectonic and connectional neuroanatomy indicate that it has distinguishable parts. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted to dissociate the functions of its subregions. Here we review findings from recent neuropsychological and neur...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06267.x
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 10% of postmenopausal women in the United States receive thyroid hormone replacement therapy and up to 20% of these women are over-replaced inducing subclinical hyperthyroidism. Because hyperthyroidism and post menopausal osteoporosis overlap in women of advancing age, it is urgent to understand the effect o...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1402.062
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The familial myelodysplastic (MDS)/acute leukemia (AL) predisposition syndromes are inherited disorders that lead to significantly increased lifetime risks of MDS and AL development. At present, four recognized syndromes have Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments--certified testing for their respective germ-line ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.12346
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A brief overview is presented of recently developed and currently emerging statistical and computational techniques that have been proved to be highly helpful in handling the avalanche of the new type of data generated by modern high-throughput technologies in experimental biology. The review, in no way comprehensive,...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1310.004
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gonadal hormones, particularly androgens, direct certain aspects of brain development and exert permanent influences on sex-typical behavior in nonhuman mammals. Androgens also influence human behavioral development, with the most convincing evidence coming from studies of sex-typical play. Girls exposed to unusually ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1286.026
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptation to different host taxa is a key driver of insect diversification. Herbivorous insects are classic models for ecological and evolutionary research, but it is recent advances in sequencing, statistics, and molecular technologies that have cleared the way for investigations into the proximate genetic mechanism...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13311
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. One can accurately predict the contribution of each inhibitor to the total inactivation of an enzyme in plasma once its pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant and concentration are known. 2. Because the mechanism of augmentation of the inactivation rate of an enzyme by ATIII occurs via formation of an ATIII-hepa...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb22493.x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Altered calcium homeostasis may play a key role in the pathophysiology of human heart failure. Levels of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins and sarcolemmal Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger were analyzed by Western blot in failing and nonfailing human myocardium and related to myocardial function. Levels of the SR calcium releas...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08270.x
更新日期:1998-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Galanin is widely distributed in enteric nerves and nerve terminals throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Within the GI tract galanin is best known for its ability to alter smooth muscle contractility and regulate intestinal motility. However, recent studies also indicate that galanin can modulate epithelial ion...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10684.x
更新日期:1998-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Recent discoveries have demonstrated the extraordinary plasticity of tissue-derived stem cells, raising fundamental questions about cell lineage relationships and suggesting the potential for novel cell-based therapies. We have examined this phenomenon in a potential reciprocal relationship between stem cells derived ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03591.x
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00