Abstract:
:Transcription and supercoiling of the DNA template are interrelated. This review summarizes recent progress in the study of how template topology affects transcription, and how transcription affects template topology inside wild-type and DNA topoisomerase mutant cells. The interplay between DNA supercoiling and transcription raises interesting questions on the regulation of adjacent genes, the organization of intracellular DNA, and the coupling between transcription and other cellular processes involving DNA.
journal_name
Curr Opin Genet Devjournal_title
Current opinion in genetics & developmentauthors
Wang JC,Lynch ASdoi
10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80096-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-10-01 00:00:00pages
764-8issue
5eissn
0959-437Xissn
1879-0380pii
S0959-437X(05)80096-6journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Cohesin defines the topology of chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis by holding sister chromatids together; more recently a role for cohesin in chromatin organisation and gene expression in interphase has emerged. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2011.11.003
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are concentrated in nuclear foci called PcG bodies. Although some of these foci are due to the tendency of PcG binding sites in the genome to occur in linear clusters, distant PcG sites can contact one another and in some cases congregate in the same PcG body when they are repressed. Expe...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2011.11.004
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes confer a high risk of breast cancer development. Both genes encode very large proteins of unknown function but recent results suggest that they may have roles in transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. These advances offer the prospect of understanding not only the normal cell...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(98)80056-7
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last decade we have witnessed the convergence of two powerful experimental designs toward a common goal of defining the molecular subtypes that underpin the likelihood of a cancer patient responding to treatment in the clinic. The first of these 'experiments' has been the systematic sequencing of large number...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2013.12.002
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic conflicts arise when the evolutionary interests of two genetic elements are not aligned. Conflicts between genomes (e.g. pathogen versus host) or within the same genome (e.g. internal parasitic DNA sequences versus the rest of the host genome) can both foster 'molecular arms races', in which genes on both side...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2019.07.011
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Covalent modifications of histone proteins play key roles in transcription, DNA repair, recombination, and other such processes. Over a hundred histone modifications have been described, and a popular idea in the field is that the function of a single histone mark cannot be understood without understanding its combina...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2012.02.013
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural selection drives evolving populations up the fitness landscape, the projection from nucleotide sequence space to organismal reproductive success. While it has long been appreciated that topographic complexities on fitness landscapes can arise only as a consequence of epistatic interactions between mutations, e...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2013.10.007
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many years, biologists' efforts in achieving gene targeting by homologous recombination in multicellular organisms have been hampered by the difficulty in culturing pluripotent stem cells. Recent advances have eliminated this requirement for several animal species. For large mammals, cloning by nuclear transfer ha...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(03)00018-2
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vertebrate neural crest cells are embryonic neuroepithelial cells that undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migrate throughout the embryo and form a wide variety of derivatives, including peripheral neurons and glia, pigment cells, and craniofacial cartilage, bone and teeth. Neural crest cell evolution and el...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2008.11.006
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both complex disorders and monogenetic diseases are often modulated in their phenotype by further genetic, epigenetic or extrinsic factors. This gives rise to extensive phenotypic variability and potentially protection from disease manifestations, known as incomplete penetrance. Approaches including whole transcriptom...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2013.03.003
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several decades of research provided detailed insight into how genes control development and evolution, whereas recent studies have expanded this purely genetic perspective by presenting strong evidence for environmental and epigenetic influences. We summarize examples of phenotypic plasticity and trans-generational e...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2017.03.001
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a multisubunit complex that connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to its surrounding extracellular matrix. Mutations in the DGC disrupt the complex and lead to muscular dystrophy. There are a few naturally occurring animal models of DGC-associated muscular dystrophy (...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(02)00309-x
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade, many potential candidates for molecules involved in pattern formation in the vertebrate embryo have been identified. Manipulation of the expression of some of these factors has generated fascinating results that have allowed investigators to address their roles in embryogenesis. One such family c...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80172-8
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human pluripotent stem cells derived from embryos (human Embryonic Stem Cells or hESCs) or generated by direct reprogramming of somatic cells (human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells or hiPSCs) can proliferate almost indefinitely in vitro while maintaining the capacity to differentiate into a broad diversity of cell type...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2017.07.004
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have supported the hypothesis that the high heritability of schizophrenia reflects a combination of relatively common alleles of small effect and some rare alleles with relatively large effects. Genome-wide association studies have identified at least one common allele of small effect at ZNF804a, which ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2009.02.008
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::All bovine chromosomes are now represented by a syntenic group, a linkage map and at least one in situ hybridization. Almost 1,000 loci are mapped, about 300 of which are coding sequences useful for comparative mapping and evolutionary inference. Economically important loci are beginning to appear on bovine linkage ma...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-437x(95)80004-o
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current dogma holds that genes are the property of individual mammalian cells and partition between daughter cells during cell division. However, and rather unexpectedly, recent research has demonstrated horizontal cell-to-cell transfer of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA in several mammalian cell culture systems. F...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2016.04.003
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ideas of how a system of interacting enzymes can act as a switch are based on the concept of bistability of a biochemical network. This means that, because of the very structure of a signaling pathway, the system can be in one of two stable steady states: active or inactive. Switching from one state to another may the...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2004.05.001
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have uncovered a bifunctional role of the diffusible axon guidance molecules netrin-1 and UNC-6 in that they attract some axons and steer others away simultaneously. Homology screens have extended the semaphorin and collapsin family to include at least 20 members, in both secreted and membrane-bound for...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(96)80069-4
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microsatellites may soon become the markers of choice for molecular population genetic studies. However, our knowledge of these simple repetitive sequences and how they evolve in natural populations is far from complete. We highlight some recent results of population studies and advances in our ability to interpret so...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-437x(93)90017-j
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular fate reprogramming holds great promise to generate functional cell types for replenishing new cells and restoring functional loss. Inspired by transcription factor-induced reprogramming, the field of cellular reprogramming has greatly advanced and developed into divergent streams of reprogramming approaches. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2018.05.004
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare multiple malformation disorder with characteristic facial features, growth and cognitive retardation, and many other abnormalities. CdLS individuals were recently shown to have heterozygous mutations in a previously uncharacterised gene, NIPBL, which encodes delangin, a homo...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2005.04.005
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromatin-based epigenetic inheritance cooperates with cis-acting DNA sequence information to propagate gene expression states and chromosome architecture across cell division cycles. Histone proteins and their modifications are central components of epigenetic systems but how, and to what extent, they are propagated ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2012.11.002
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The definitive endoderm (DE) was first defined as the innermost germ layer found in all metazoan embryos. During development, it gives rise to a vast array of specialized epithelial cell types lining the respiratory and digestive systems, and contributes to associated organs such as thyroid, thymus, lungs, liver, and ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2012.05.002
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The processes by which the canonical protein synthesis machinery is modified by environmental stresses to allow healthy cells to respond to external conditions to maintain homeostasis, are frequently hijacked by tumour cells to enhance their survival. Two major stress response pathways that play a major role in this r...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2017.10.006
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is a universal step in animal development characterized by two major events: activation of zygotic transcription and degradation of maternally provided mRNAs. How zygotic gene products instruct the degradation of maternal messages remains a long-standing question in biology. Mi...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2010.04.003
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emerging field of genomics examines the relationship between genetic and phenotypic variation by describing and analyzing patterns of natural variation on a genome-wide scale. In this endeavor, an important tool is the use of microarrays, which enable simultaneous screening of thousands of assays. Microarrays were...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2006.09.005
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing availability of large-scale autosomal genetic variation data sampled from world-wide geographic areas, coupled with advances in the statistical methodology to analyse these data, is showcasing the power of DNA as a major tool to gain insights into the demographic history of humans and other organisms. H...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2018.08.002
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonic development is key for determining the architecture and shape of multicellular bodies. However, most cells are produced postembryonically in, at least partly, differentiated organs. In this regard, organismal growth faces common challenges in coordinating expansion and function of body structures. Here we co...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2017.02.002
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Loss of cardiomyocytes from cardiovascular disease is irreversible and current therapeutic strategies do not redress the loss of myocardium after injury. The discovery that endogenous fibroblasts in the heart can be reprogrammed to cardiomyocyte-like cells after myocardial infarction and heart function is improved sub...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2013.07.007
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00