Abstract:
:A purification procedure to obtain peroxisomes (microperoxisomes) from the brain of suckling rats is reported. A P2 fraction, (crude light mitochondria) frozen and thawed seven times, was subfractionated yielding a P4 fraction, 4-fold enriched in catalase activity with respect to the cytoplasmic extract S1. The P4 fraction was used for further purification of peroxisomes by isopicnic centrifugation on Nycodenz gradient (1.10-1.20 g/ml). When the cerebellum was not included in the starting material, the equilibrium density of peroxisomes was 1.152-1.162 g/ml. In this case the overall yield of catalase in the most enriched fraction was 7% and its relative specific activity more than 50. When the cerebellum was included in the total homogenate, the equilibrium density shifted towards higher values (1.177 g/ml) and in this case the catalase relative specific activity in the peroxisomal enriched fraction was extremely high (> 100). The biochemical results, together with the electron microscope examination of the purified fractions, demonstrate that our procedure allows the best purification of brain peroxisomes so far obtained. The different equilibrium densities of peroxisomes observed in the two sets of experiments are interpreted in terms of size heterogeneity of these organelles in different brain portions and cell types.
journal_name
Neurochem Intjournal_title
Neurochemistry internationalauthors
Cimini AM,Moreno S,Giorgi M,Serafini B,Cerú MPdoi
10.1016/0197-0186(93)90116-msubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-09-01 00:00:00pages
249-60issue
3eissn
0197-0186issn
1872-9754journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Epilepsy is a neurological disease recognized as the consequence of excessive neuronal excitability. Endocannabinoid system, the critical regulator of synaptic inhibition in brain, was supposed to be closely involved in epilepsy. Cannabinoid receptors mostly locate on presynaptic terminals of both excitatory and inhib...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104898
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Copper is an essential element that is required for a variety of important cellular functions. Since not only copper deficiency but also excess of copper can seriously affect cellular functions, the cellular copper metabolism is tightly regulated. In brain, astrocytes appear to play a pivotal role in the copper metabo...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.08.017
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to high levels of manganese (Mn) results in a neurological disorder, termed manganism, which shares a similar phenotype to Parkinson's disease due to the involvement of the basal ganglia circuitry in both. The initial symptoms of manganism are likely due to the involvement of the globus pallidus, a region ric...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2005.10.012
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycine transporter GlyT1 plays important role in maintaining accurate glycine concentration in local brain microenvironment. Transporting efficiency of GlyT1 is strongly affected by the state of its distal C-terminus, which regulates transporter trafficking and cellular surface density. Using selected range of antibo...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.06.003
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cardiovascular and pulmonary responses to vasoactive intestinal contractor (VIC) were compared with those of endothelin (ET)-1, ET-2, ET-3 and sarafotoxin 6b (S6b) and the mechanism by which ET-1 alters vascular resistance was investigated in the hindquarters vascular bed of the cat. In a manner similar to ET-1 an...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(91)90154-6
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress-induced neuronal death due to hydrogen peroxide overload plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of numerous neurological diseases. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is important in maintaining neuronal survival, proliferation, and differentiation in the central nervous system. We now report that...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2007.04.005
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and contributes to several brain functions such as memory, learning, and behaviours. Although a number of studies have demonstrated that various kinds of stimuli such as electrophysiological stimulation, excitotoxic injury, and stre...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.10.007
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence measurements and singlet singlet energy transfer experiments on endothelin-1 provide information on the conformation of this peptide in dilute aqueous solution. The tyrosine fluorescence quantum yield in the absence of transfer (in [Phe(21)]endothelin-1) is relatively large (?(tyr) = 0.39), indicating the...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(91)90144-3
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic degeneration is one of the earliest hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD) and results in loss of cognitive function. One of the causative agents for the synaptic degeneration is the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), which is formed from its precursor protein by two sequential cleavages mediated by β- and γ-secretase. We ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.03.016
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individual analysis of synaptic terminals calcium responses, induced by dinucleotides pentaphosphate, Ap(5)A or Gp(5)G, demonstrates the presence of two main groups considering the concentration required for stimulation. The first group corresponds to those responding to Ap(5)A or Gp(5)G at nanomolar concentration, re...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2006.12.007
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Initial studies demonstrated the loss of lysine and simultaneous appearance of glucitollysine in intracellular proteins following incubation with sugar. For example, when a crude nervous tissue cytoskeletal preparation was incubated in 100 mM glucose for 10 days, > 60% of the lysine residues were modified. Over 20% of...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(92)90144-g
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concanavalin A-binding glycoprotein with 250 K M(r) found in the postsynaptic density (PSD)-enriched preparation (or synaptic cytoskeleton) from rat cerebellum was identified with P400 protein from the physicochemical properties and enrichment in the cerebellum. Proteins homologous to the cerebellar 250 K M(r) protein...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(92)90126-c
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have suggested that neurosteroids such as pregnenolone, progesterone (PG) and their derivatives, have a role in activating autophagy in addition to diverse other functions. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that cellular free Zn(2+) is involved in oxidative stress-induced autophagy and autophagic...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2011.11.015
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cancer-related cause of death in children and adolescents in the United States, affecting on average 1 in 2000 children per year. Recent advances in cancer genomics have led to profound discoveries about the underlying molecular biology and ontogeny of these tumors. In particular...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104940
更新日期:2020-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The use of synthetic antisense oligonucleotides as specific inhibitors of gene expression exploits the susceptibility of mRNA to functional blockade at several levels, including mRNA processing, transport, translation and degradation. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the actions of these synthetic oligomers a...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(96)00108-8
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following intravitreal injections of (35)S-amino acids to label axonally transported proteins, calpain I and II from the superior colliculi and the lateral geniculate bodies were isolated via hydrophobic interaction chromatography, anion exchange HPLC and sodium-dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis. Among the slowly trans...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(90)90032-o
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine residues, initially believed to be primarily involved in cell growth and differentiation, is now recognized as having a critical role in regulating the function of mature cells. The brain exhibits one of the highest levels of tyrosine kinase activity in the adult animal and ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(97)00022-3
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased neurosteroids with allosteric modulatory activity on GABA(A) receptors such as 3α-5α tertrahydroprogesterone; allopregnanolone (ALLO), are candidates to explain the phenomenon of "increased GABAergic tone" in hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, it is not known how changes of other GABA(A) receptor modulato...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.03.020
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholine enhanced in a concentration-dependent way the K(+) (15 mM)-evoked release of [(3)H]dopamine from synaptosomes isolated from rat corpus striatum and prelabeled with the radioactive catecholamine. The concentration-effect curve of ACh obtained in presence of 1.2 mM Ca(2+) was progressively shifted to the l...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(87)90008-8
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using native plasma membrane vesicle suspensions from the rat cerebral cortex under conditions designed to alter intravesicular [Ca2+], we found that Ca2+ induced 47 +/- 5% more influx of [3H]GABA, [3H]D-aspartate and [3H]glycine at 37 degrees C with half-times 1.7 +/- 0.5, 1.3 +/- 0.4 and 1.3 +/- 0.4 min, respectivel...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(98)00039-4
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the vesicular accumulation of the excitatory amino-acid (EAA) neurotransmitters, L-glutamate and L-aspartate, together with the non-metabolisable EAA analogue D-aspartate. Synaptosomes derived from whole brain were incubated in various concentrations of [3H]-amino acids under conditions to facilitate vesic...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(01)00018-3
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutathione (GSH) is an essential component of intracellular antioxidant systems that plays a primordial role in the protection of cells against oxidative stress, maintaining redox homeostasis and xenobiotic detoxification. GSH synthesis in the brain is limited by the availability of cysteine and glutamate. Cystine, t...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2018.10.007
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although microvascular cell death is a well established hallmark of diabetic retinopathy, which is a major cause of vision loss, much remains to be learned about the functional changes that precede the onset of morphological damage to retinal blood vessels. Early alterations of function are of interest since they may ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.02.002
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uridine was administered in the drinking water (0.5 mg/ml) in adult 6 month-old rats for 6 months. The mean daily dose of uridine was 12.5 mg/rat. The effects of this treatment on tyrosine hydroxylase, galanin, somatostatin, neuropeptide Y and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivities were studied by means of semiquanti...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(88)90081-2
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dysregulation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport exacerbates brain damage in acute ischemic stroke. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of this BBB transport dysregulation by studying the localization and function of pannexin (Px) and connexin (Cx) hemichannels in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells of r...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104600
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guanylate cyclase in the membrane fraction of rod outer segments (ROS-membrane) from the frog retina showed an extremely high activity but had no responsiveness to NaN(3) (+catalase), nitrosoguanidine or superoxide dismutase. These compounds, however, markedly activated the enzyme in a soluble fraction from the retina...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(82)90006-7
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vinpocetine (ethyl apovincaminate), a synthetic derivative of the Vinca minor alkaloid vincamine, is widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular-related diseases. One of the proposed mechanisms underlying its action is to protect against the cytotoxic effects of glutamate overexposure. Glutamate excitotoxicity le...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2008.08.003
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induces a spectrum of Huntington's disease (HD)-like neuropathologies in the rat striatum. The present study aimed to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of lercanidipine (LER) in rats with 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity, address the possible additional protective effect of combined treatme...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104548
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of a chronic treatment with the dopamine uptake blocker nomifensine on the in vivo extracellular concentrations of dopamine, acetylcholine, glutamate and GABA in the prefrontal cortex, striatum and nucleus accumbens. Male Wistar rats received intraperitoneal (i.p....
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2007.08.005
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review, I summarized transition in Dr. Marshall Nirenberg's research interests during 1970s, from a view of a long-lasting collaborator. Nirenberg switched his research filed to neurobiology after his success in deciphering genetic code and being honored with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968. ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.02.030
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00