Abstract:
:Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) defoliant runoff was recently identified as an ecological risk. However, assessments are not supported by field studies. Runoff potential of three defoliant active ingredients, dimethipin (2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-dithiin 1,1,4,4-tetraoxide), thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N-1,2,3-thidiazol-5-yl-urea), and tribufos (S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate) was investigated by rainfall simulation on strip (ST) and conventionally tilled (CT) cotton in south central Georgia. Simulated rainfall timing relative to defoliant application (1 h after) represented an extreme worst-case scenario; however, weather records indicate that it was not unrealistic for the region. Thidiazuron and tribufos losses were 12 to 15% of applied. Only 2 to 5% of the more water soluble dimethipin was lost. Although ST erosion rates were less, loss of tribufos, a strongly sorbing compound, was not affected. Higher sediment-water partition coefficients (kd) were measured in ST samples. This likely explains why no tillage related differences in loss rates were observed, but it is unknown whether this result can be generalized. The study was conducted in the first year following establishment of tillage treatments at the study site. As soil conditions stabilize, ST impacts may change. Data provide an estimate of the maximum amount of the defoliants that will run off during a single postapplication storm event. Use of these values in place of the default value in runoff simulation models used in pesticide risk assessments will likely improve risk estimate accuracy and enhance evaluation of comparative risk among these active ingredients.
journal_name
J Environ Qualjournal_title
Journal of environmental qualityauthors
Potter TL,Truman CC,Bosch DD,Bednarz CWdoi
10.2134/jeq2003.2180subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-11-01 00:00:00pages
2180-8issue
6eissn
0047-2425issn
1537-2537journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Riparian zones are recognized as landscape features that buffer streams from pollutants, particularly nitrogen. The objectives of this experiment were to (i) assess denitrification activity within a riparian zone and (ii) determine the influence of physical, chemical, and landscape features on denitrification. This ex...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.2367
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphorus losses from arable soils contribute to eutrophication of freshwater systems. In addition to losses through surface runoff, leaching has lately gained increased attention as an important P transport pathway. Increased P levels in arable soils have highlighted the necessity of establishing a relationship betw...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.6780
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transitional ecotones such as vegetated buffer strips, stream banks, and streambeds retain phosphorus (P) in the immediate surroundings of farmland. Yet the fate of P in these ecotones remains unclear. Our objectives were to (i) test the difference in the P pool composition of soil and sediment between sites surrounde...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2019.01.0012
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anthropogenic nitrate (NO3-) within the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River basin and discharge to the Gulf of Mexico has been linked to serious environmental problems. The sources of this NO3- have been estimated by others using mass balance methods; however, there is considerable uncertainty in these estimates. Part of th...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2005.0012
更新日期:2006-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::Vegetation that develops spontaneously on metal-contaminated soils presents an opportunity to evaluate both metal bioavailability and the risks posed to biota. The behavior of Cd and Zn in the species of a spontaneously developed woodland, colonizing a canal embankment, has been investigated. Nitric-acid-extractable m...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2006.0218
更新日期:2007-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Increased use of neonicotinoid-coated crop seeds introduces greater amounts of insecticides into the environment, where they are vulnerable to transport. To understand the transport of neonicotinoids from agricultural fields, we planted maize seeds coated with thiamethoxam in lysimeter plots in central Pennsylvania, U...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeq2.20185
更新日期:2020-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory microcosm experiments were used to assess the effects of environmental parameters on the persistence of the Bacteroides 16S rRNA genes derived from equine fecal samples in stream water to investigate the utility of Bacteroides spp. as fecal indicator organisms. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reacti...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0258
更新日期:2009-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC), widely used as antibacterial agents, have been frequently detected in biosolids. Biosolids land application may introduce pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) such as TCS and TCC into the environment. Microcosm studies were conducted to investigate TCS and TCC tran...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2009.0055
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the US Midwest is expected to serve as a primary feedstock source for cellulosic biofuel production, the impacts of residue harvesting on soil organic carbon (SOC) may greatly limit sustainable production capacity. However, viable feedstock production could be realized through adoption of management practices an...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2017.04.0177
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Is nitrate harmful to humans? Are the current limits for nitrate concentration in drinking water justified by science? There is substantial disagreement among scientists over the interpretation of evidence on the issue. There are two main health issues: the linkage between nitrate and (i) infant methaemoglobinaemia, a...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0177
更新日期:2008-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::Eco-environmental quality assessment (EQA) is an intricate and challenging task that must take into account numerous natural, economic, political, and social factors, which are subject to multiple conflicting criteria. In this paper, a methodological reference framework is developed for EQA that combines the fuzzy Del...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0390
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potent estrogenic hormones are consistently detected in the environment at low concentration, yet these chemicals are strongly sorbed to soil and are labile. The objective of this research was to improve the understanding of the processes of sorption, mobility, and transformation for estrogens in natural soils, and th...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.0290
更新日期:2005-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::Manure application supplies plant nutrients, but also leads to trace element accumulation in soil. This study investigated total and EDTA-extractable B, Cd, Co, Cu and Zn in soil after 25 annual manure applications. The residual effect of 14 annual manure applications followed by 11 yr with no applications was also in...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0214
更新日期:2008-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::Denitrifying bioreactors using woodchips or other slow-release carbon sources can be an effective method for removing nitrate (NO) from wastewater and tile drainage. However, the ability of these systems to remove fecal microbes from wastewater has been largely uninvestigated. In this study, reductions in fecal indica...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2015.06.0326
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The contents and stable S isotope ratio (δS) values of total S, organic S, SO-S, and total reduced inorganic S (TRS) in typical limestone soil and yellow soil were analyzed in this study to examine the general distributions of S forms and their δS values in soils in karst areas of southwest China. Under a similar leve...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2013.09.0359
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding temporal and spatial distributions of naturally occurring total organic carbon (TOC) in sediments is critical because TOC is an important feature of surface water quality. This study investigated temporal and spatial distributions of sediment TOC and its relationships to sediment contaminants in the Ceda...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2005.0221
更新日期:2006-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the long-term fate of the fungicide triticonazole (TTZ; 5-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylene]-2,2-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cydopentanol) applied at a normal field dose (8.9 g ha(-1)) via seed treatment, which is the normal alternative in practice. The TTZ was applied to wheat (Triticum aesti...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2003.1258
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial extracellular polymers (BEP) affect the translocation and fate of organic and inorganic pollutants in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, BEP from activated sludge was compared with sludge dissolved organic matter (DOM) in terms of behavior and effects on the mobilization and bioavailability o...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.1540
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A field lysimeter study with bare ground and five different ground covers was established to evaluate the effect of forage grasses on the fate and transport of two herbicides in leachate. The herbicides were atrazine (ATR; 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) and isoxaflutole [IXF; 5-cyclopropyl-4-(2...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2003.1992
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acid waste bentonite is a byproduct from vegetable oil bleaching that is acidic (pH < 3.0) and hydrophobic. These materials are currently disposed of in landfills and could potentially have a negative impact on the effective function of microbes that are intolerant of acidic conditions. A study was undertaken using th...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2005.0455
更新日期:2006-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::A commonly used method of measuring enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants is the SF6 tracer technique that measures respired and eructated CH4. However, within the animal, a small proportion of CH4 is produced post-ruminally and some of this may escape through the rectum. The comparison of emissions using a c...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2006.0054
更新日期:2006-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::Farmed landscapes are engineered for productivity, and research suggests they contribute a disproportionate share of inorganic C to the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico. Here we use alkalinity and total organic C (TOC) measurements collected from the Raccoon River of Iowa to (i) evaluate inorganic and organic C co...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2012.0159
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agricultural ecosystems are of special interest for monitoring the potential for antibiotic resistance to spread through the environment and contribute to human exposure. Molecular methods, which target DNA, RNA, and other molecular components of bacterial cells, present certain advantages for characterizing and quant...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2015.07.0367
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Restoration of highly degraded urban coastal waters often requires large-scale, complex projects, but in the interim, smaller-scale efforts can provide immediate improvements to water quality conditions for visitor use. We examined short-term efforts to improve recreational water quality near the Grand Calumet River (...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2017.11.0461
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Manure composting is a common management practice for cattle feedlots, but gaseous emissions from composting are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to quantify ammonia (NH3 ), nitrous oxide (N2 O), carbon dioxide (CO2 ), and methane (CH4 ) emissions from windrow composting (turning) and static stockpil...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeq2.20029
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the ability of a 10-yr-old constructed wetland to treat metal-contaminated leachate emanating from a coal ash pile at the Widows Creek electric utility, Alabama (USA). The two vegetated cells, which were dominated by cattail (Typha latifolia L.) and soft rush (Juncus effusus L.), were very effe...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2001.3051710x
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A biostimulation study was conducted on mining waste residue with nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) and/or liming agent (ash or CaCO3 ) amendment to assess petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) biodegradation efficiency by indigenous microorganisms. Compounds accumulated and/or released by treated samples were also monitored t...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeq2.20147
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotics may appear in the environment when manure, sewage sludge, and other organic amendments are added to soils. There is concern that the presence of antibiotics in soils may lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria which may spread to the rest of the environment. This paper aims at evaluating t...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2005.0355
更新日期:2006-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to determine the fate of As, Mo, and V (trace elements, TEs) in the sediments of a constructed wetland in use for the remediation of potentially toxic trace element-contaminated agricultural drainwater. After three years of wetland operation, sediment cores were collected to determine changes...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2003.2428
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::With increasing concern over potential polltion from farm wastes, there is a need for rapid and robust methods that can analyze livestock manure nutrient content. The near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method was used to determine nutrient content in diverse poultry manure samples (n=91). Various standard preprocessing...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2009.0449
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00