Abstract：
:Significant advances have been made in the understanding of allograft rejection. There is growing awareness that allograft acceptance, or tolerance, is also an active process rather than a passive absence of rejection. Mechanistic awareness of this process has spawned many preclinical strategies for the prevention of allograft rejection without the need for chronic immunosuppression. These therapies are currently entering clinical trials. This article reviews the prevailing therapies that hold promise for future clinical application. In particular, their application in children is discussed, as are biologic aspects of childhood immunity that may play a role in the success or failure of these strategies.
journal_name
Pediatr Clin North Amjournal_title
Pediatric clinics of North Americaauthors
Pearl JP,Preston E,Kirk ADdoi
10.1016/s0031-3955(03)00120-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-12-01 00:00:00pages
1261-81, viiissue
6eissn
0031-3955issn
1557-8240pii
S0031-3955(03)00120-2journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:When a child presents with high-anion gap metabolic acidosis, the pediatrician can proceed with confidence by recalling some basic principles. Defects of organic acid, pyruvate, and ketone body metabolism that present with acute acidosis are reviewed. Flowcharts for identifying the underlying cause and initiating life...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2017.11.003
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The increase in single-parent families, step-families, maternal employment, and young children in substitute care are among several important changes in the American family in recent decades. Although it is not clear that these changes necessarily lead to negative outcomes in children, it is apparent that a variety of...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36584-1
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deformities are abnormalities of shape or form caused by abnormal or imbalanced mechanical forces. In prenatal deformation, most infants are intrinsically normal and the deformation results from extrinsic constraining forces. Most prenatal deformities will resolve spontaneously or with the application of counteracting...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36142-9
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonatal infections continue to cause morbidity and mortality in infants. Among approximately 400,000 infants followed nationally, the incidence rates of early-onset sepsis infection within 3 days of life are 0.98 cases per 1000 live births. Newborn infants are at increased risk for infections because they have relati...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2014.11.010
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Major advances have been made in the treatment of children with Wilms' tumor. Remaining areas of investigation include the role of adriamycin and the treatment of children with stage III and IV disease and the role of whole lung radiation therapy in the treatment of children with pulmonary metastases. Long-term follow...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38088-9
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ADHD is a syndrome that can be treated effectively, safely, and economically with stimulant medications. There is no equal alternative to these agents in short-term treatment of ADHD symptoms. However, many families seek alternatives to stimulants and other drug treatments for a variety of reasons. Alternative approac...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70167-x
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beginning with a brief description of mature anatomic pathways and neurotransmitters in the "pain system," this article details their development in the human fetus, neonate, and child. Special emphasis is given to the basic mechanisms and physiologic effects of opioid analgesia. The clinical implications of these dat...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36722-0
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Derangements of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis are an inevitable part of acute renal failure. Understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders is essential to treating and preventing potentially life-threatening complications. Appropriate nutritional support is also an important part of management i...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36872-9
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of certain medical or orthopedic conditions need not preclude adolescents from being physically active and participating in sports. The benefits of continued physical activity far outweigh any concerns for potential complications for most such conditions. This article reviews sport participation guideline...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2010.03.005
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neural tube defects represent some of the most common and serious of the congenital malformations. Although elevation of alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid is not diagnostic, it does indicate an abnormality of the fetus in a very high proportion of cases. A normal level, however, does not exclude the possibility of a...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)33607-0
更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) there is dysregulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Insulin secretion becomes inappropriate for the level of blood glucose leading to severe hypoglycemia. HH is associated with a high risk of brain injury because insulin inhibits lipolysis and ketogenesis thus pre...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2015.04.010
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pediatric patients with ostomies are a challenge to health care providers. An ostomy is not without problems. Knowledge of surgical techniques and a commitment to the care and management of the stoma and appliances are needed to prevent and manage complications. Ongoing patient education is paramount for compliance an...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70097-3
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article discusses the implications of health care reform on the pediatric emergency department (ED). The author briefly discusses the health care costs and outcomes in the United States in comparison to other developed nations. The article discusses the impact of the Affordable Care Act and insurance expansion on...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2018.07.007
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The American family is changing. Pediatricians are increasingly aware of treating children within a family systems context. Patients present with a variety of biopsychosocial problems, and pediatrics must continue to adjust to fit the changing needs of children and their families. Pediatricians must view themselves as...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38916-7
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This brief overview serves as an introduction to the vast array of basic and clinical concepts that are pertinent to the basic understanding of ventricular fibrillation, its genesis, and its clinical management. ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2004.04.010
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Feeding disorders are common in infants and children. Multiple interacting behavioral, anatomic, and functional factors all can impact on the feeding process, making the evaluation and treatment of pediatric disorders complex and challenging. Knowledge of the normal process of feeding and swallowing, a careful history...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(03)00110-x
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although primary immunodeficiencies typically present with recurrent, chronic, or severe infections, autoimmune manifestations frequently accompany these disorders and may be the initial clinical manifestations. The presence of 2 or more autoimmune disorders, unusual severe atopic disease, or a combination of these di...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2016.08.007
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors describe the magnitude of the cysticercosis problem and describe the organism, the clinical features of the disease, the propensity of the organism for development in the central nervous system, pathologic considerations, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34864-7
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article defines short bowel syndrome and reviews the pathophysiology, medical management, and surgical manipulations proposed to improve intestinal absorption. Emphasis is also placed on possible future methods of management. ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34904-5
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation and treatment of acute musculoskeletal injuries can be rewarding for primary care providers. They are common presenting complaints, and with appropriate management, many patients make a full recovery in a short period of time. This article reviews basic principles of evaluation of acutely injured children, ...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2014.08.009
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although overt anemia is uncommon, depletion of body iron stores is common among adolescent female athletes. Poor dietary iron intake, menstruation, and increased iron losses associated with physical training all appear to be important factors. Whether nonanemic iron deficiency can impair exercise performance is uncer...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36980-2
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three pediatric hand injury subtypes and their management have been presented. Finger tip injuries, while often minor and self-healing in children, may require surgical repair if the nailbed is disrupted or if there has been significant skin or pad loss from the tip. The decision between local repair and skin graft or...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)33144-3
更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:"In this article, the authors provide an overview of the current global and US debates on immigration as a key developmental context for immigrant-origin youth. Relying on a conceptual framework that highlights both risk and protective factors, the authors provide evidence from their longitudinal study that empiricall...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2019.02.010
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in science and technology have led to the capability of early screening of newborn infants for congenital hypothyroidism. Preliminary screening programs in North America have been established in Quebec and in the Northwestern and Northeastern United States. To date these programs have screened approxim...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)33598-2
更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infants and children with congenital heart disease (CHD) present unique difficulties when they develop respiratory failure, either as a consequence of their heart disease, in relation to cardiac surgery, or from infectious causes. Extensive cardiac surgical repairs are now being performed on younger infants with compl...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38768-5
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most common presenting symptoms at the pediatrician's office. Etiology ranges from benign conditions to serious ones requiring prompt attention. This article addresses entities that present as musculoskeletal pain but are not associated with arthritis. The most common nonarthritic co...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2012.03.012
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All definitions of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have limitations and a new definition for the purpose of clinical research, benchmarking, and prognostic prediction is needed. Different inhaled and systemic drugs are currently used to prevent or treat BPD. Despite some positive effects on BPD, more information abou...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcl.2017.08.012
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A palpable mass in the abdomen of a child is a serious finding. In this article the authors present their single-institution experience of how these malignancies present and their distribution by age and diagnosis. The most common abdominal malignancies diagnosed in the pediatric population include neuroblastoma, Wilm...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(02)00098-6
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Improvements in diagnosis and treatment have increased survival for many children with malignant bone tumors. New molecular genetic discoveries are providing insights into the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and may provide novel therapeutic modalities based on interfering with aberrant transcriptional activation by hybri...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70445-4
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modern assessment of the tonsils and adenoids is based on an appreciation of new concepts pertaining to the pathogenesis of tonsil and adenoid disease. Recognition of the emergence of beta-lactamase-producing and encapsulated anaerobic bacteria in the tonsils and adenoids should lead to a reconsideration of present th...
journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36806-7
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
