Abstract：
:Because etoposide is a cell-cycle phase-specific drug, its degree of cytotoxicity likely relies on duration of cell exposure to a specific concentration. We investigated the maximum tolerated duration of oral etoposide treatment at doses of 100, 75, and 50 mg/d in previously treated patients with biopsy-proven, advanced cancer. "Maximum tolerated" was defined as tumor progression or hematologic toxicity (World Health Organization [WHO] grade > or = 2). The maximum tolerated duration in 19 patients given 100 mg/d was > or = 21 days, since this was the predetermined cutoff point; 3 patients discontinued etoposide because of early tumor progression, and 6 others had developed leukopenia or thrombocytopenia (WHO grade > 2) by day 21. The maximum tolerated duration in 13 patients given 75 mg/d was a median of 11 weeks (range, 2 to 19); 6 patients developed tumor progression and 6 others leukopenia (WHO grade > or = 2) requiring discontinuation of treatment. Ten patients given 50 mg/d tolerated therapy for a median of 13 weeks (range, 3 to 26 weeks); treatment was halted in seven patients because of tumor progression, two because of leukopenia (WHO grade > or = 2), and one because of stomatitis. The data from this study and others suggest that above a certain minimal plasma level, etoposide induces concentration-dependent cumulative toxicity. What remains to be determined is the minimal plasma level per tumor type. It will also be interesting to see whether myelopoiesis, thrombocytopoiesis, and erythropoiesis have differential sensitivity to etoposide, since thrombocytopenia did not occur using daily etoposide doses of 50 and 75 mg, whereas at the same doses 10 of 23 patients required erythrocyte transfusion.
journal_name
Semin Oncoljournal_title
Seminars in oncologyauthors
Splinter TA,van der Gaast A,Kok TCsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-12-01 00:00:00pages
1-7issue
6 Suppl 14eissn
0093-7754issn
1532-8708pii
0093-7754(92)90262-Yjournal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:For patients whose breast cancers are not responsive to endocrine therapy, there are a large number of cytotoxic drugs that will induce a response. In spite of the introduction of new, very active drugs such as the taxanes, vinorelbine, capecitabine, gemcitabine, and trastuzumab, the anthracyclines are still as active...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.09.018
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hormonal therapy is very effective in the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Response to various therapies leads to improved quality of life and prolonged survival. This clinical trial compared two commonly utilized additive hormonal agents, tamoxifen citrate and megestrol acetate (Megace). Prelimina...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytarabine and hydroxyurea in combination are known to inhibit the DNA excision repair system. Given this system is responsible for repair of cisplatin-DNA adducts, we hypothesized that combining cytarabine, hydroxyurea, and cisplatin in an appropriate schedule might inhibit adduct repair, increase the number of DNA l...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A major consequence of administering increasingly aggressive therapies (chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer is the adverse effects on the bone marrow that may lead to neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and/or anemia. Myelosuppression or bone marrow toxicity may al...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2005.03.014
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Docetaxel is a semisynthetic taxane that acts primarily by promoting microtubule assembly and preventing the depolymerization of assembled microtubules, thereby inducing mitotic block and inhibition of cell proliferation. This agent also induces apoptosis and appears to prevent angiogenesis. Although docetaxel has sho...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2005.04.002
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This ongoing study was initiated to determine the feasibility of administering amifostine (Ethyol, WR-2721; MedImmune, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD) with monomodal high-dose rate (mHDR) brachytherapy and to assess the tolerability and side effects of this combination. To date, 18 patients suitable for prostate implant brachy...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.11.010
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single-agent gemcitabine remains the standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. Recent phase III trials have failed to show improvements in survival using gemcitabine in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, although the gemcitabine/oxaliplatin combination has shown some promise. The combination of g...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2005.06.022
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the safety and feasibility of accelerated fractionation (via concomitant boost) radiotherapy (XRT) with concurrent carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy for locally advanced stage III non-small cell lung carcinoma. Radiotherapy consisted of 3-dimensional conformal techniq...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2005.03.004
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Combination therapy consisting of Lipiodol (Laboratoire Guerbet, Villepinte, France) containing styrene maleic acid neocarzinostatin and transcatheter arterial embolization (L-TAE) has been an important conservative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined the clinical and pathologic characteristics of ...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is composed of a group of lymphoid malignancies that has been increasing in incidence at an annual rate of 4% to 7% over the last 20 years in both the United States and Europe. The reasons for this rise in incidence in NHL are not yet defined but most likely involve environmental exposures...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/sonc.2002.30152
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thrombocytopenia is a significant problem for patients receiving prolonged or aggressive chemotherapy for malignancy. For carboplatin, it is the predominant dose-limiting toxicity and it is cumulative in nature. A number of agents have been evaluated for efficacy in reducing the problem of thrombocytopenia. Some have ...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past 5 years there has been a renewed interest in the use of monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates in the treatment of nonhematologic malignancies. This enthusiasm has stemmed from advances in recombinant technology allowing for the production of chimeric and humanized antibodies, from Food and Drug Admi...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by a specific genetic alteration, affecting the retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARalpha), and leading to a blockage in the differentiation of the granulocytic cells. The accumulation of the promyelocytic blasts in the...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2008.04.010
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well known that African American men are more likely to be diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer than White men. Racial variation in the use of prostate cancer early detection modalities (ie, digital rectal examination [DRE] and prostate-specific antigen [PSA] testing) has been suggested as a major reason fo...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coelomic epithelial carcinoma of the ovary, the most common cause of death from cancer of the female genital tract in the United States, presents most commonly as advanced (stage III or IV) disease. Management consists of aggressive surgical cytoreduction followed by combination chemotherapy, until recently, a platinu...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Complementary and alternative therapies are used with increasing frequency in men with prostate cancer. However, little is known about the efficacy of such therapies for this cancer. While epidemiological data support the association between intake of certain micronutrients with development of prostate cancer, there e...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/sonc.2002.50007
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent insights into cell-mediated immunotherapy have led to a wave of new trials involving immunotherapy for prostate cancer. Vaccines have evolved from nonspecific immune stimulants like Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to much more specific and potent strategies. Techniques currently being investigated include passiv...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Etoposide has proven to be an active agent in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms, particularly germ cell cancers and small cell lung cancer. Yet despite its widespread use, the optimal dose and schedule for etoposide remain unknown. The fact that its efficacy appears to be schedule dependent, along with the recen...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Despite evidence of molecular abnormalities in biological specimens, progress in this disease is hampered by the lack of diagnostic markers useful for clinical practice. The majority of patients with lung cancer are still diagnosed at an advanced s...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2005.02.009
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer vaccines have shown success in curing tumors in preclinical models. Accumulating evidence also supports their ability to induce immune responses in patients. In many cases, these responses correlate with improved clinical outcomes. However, cancer vaccines have not yet demonstrated their true potential in clini...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.02.007
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The humanized anti-p185(HER2) monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has been shown to effectively inhibit the growth of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. The treatment of cancer cells with trastuzumab results in downregulation of the HER2 receptor. Further downstream cellular events include the a...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0093-7754(01)90276-3
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The literature documents that the majority of breast cancer survivors have adjusted well after their first 2 years since diagnosis. However, there is a subset of survivors reporting psychological distress, including depression and anxiety, involving approximately 30% by 4 years post-treatment, but widely ranging from ...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.08.025
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme involved in prostaglandin production in pathologic states such as inflammatory processes and cancer. The enzyme is often overexpressed in premalignant lesions and various cancers, including cancer of the lung. Inhibition of this enzyme with selective COX-2 inhibitors was found to ...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.12.014
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and solid organ transplantation require development of a degree of immune tolerance against allogeneic antigens. T lymphocytes play a critical role in allograft rejection, graft failure, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). T-cell tolerance occurs b...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.10.001
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Etoposide is one of the few cancer chemotherapy agents that is schedule-dependent in both preclinical and clinical studies. A randomized trial of etoposide as initial therapy in extensive small cell lung cancer (SCLC) demonstrated the superiority of a 5-day course versus the same total dose administered over 24 hours....
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recommended weekly dose and the maximum tolerated weekly dose of docetaxel (Taxotere; Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France) have yet to be determined. We report that a weekly dose of up to 40 mg/m2 docetaxel for 6 weeks is active in pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer. From a preliminary study, this d...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten years of interferon (IFN) therapy have followed the approval of this agent by the US Food and Drug Administration on June 5, 1986. As the first biotherapeutic approved, IFN-alpha paved the way for the many new biotherapeutics. Regardless of this long history, however, we have just touched the surface of understand...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymphoproliferative disorders are characterized by the abnormal accumulation of aberrant lymphocytes, which frequently interfere with the processes associated with immunologic response and hematopoiesis. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has traditionally been considered indolent, with a prolonged clinical course. Ho...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.seminoncol.2006.01.026
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preclinical studies with zoledronic acid (Zometa; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp, East Hanover, NJ) have shown its potential in malignant bone disease. Clinical studies in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy have been completed, as have phase I and II trials in patients with cancer and pre-existing bone metast...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验,评审
doi：10.1016/s0093-7754(01)90260-x
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have indicated that bone marrow angiogenesis is increased in multiple myeloma, suggesting that treatment with an antiangiogenic agent might be useful. Among the new antiangiogenic drugs in development, Neovastat (AE-941; Aeterna Laboratories, Quebec City, Canada) can be classified as a naturally occurri...
journal_title：Seminars in oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0093-7754(01)90035-1
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
