Aluminum toxicity in patients with chronic renal failure.

Abstract:

:During the past two decades, in association with the commencement of chronic dialysis therapy and prolongation of the uremic state, aluminum toxicity has represented a major cause of morbidity and mortality in uremic patients. The uremic patient has been found to be at higher risk of aluminum loading and toxicity from various sources of parenteral exposure, enhanced gastrointestinal absorption, and compromised ability to eliminate any systemically administered aluminum due to renal impairment. However, the potential sources of aluminum exposure and loading resulting in toxicity in uremic patients have recently been identified. As a result, this toxicity can largely be prevented by eliminating aluminum from the water used to prepare the dialysate, substituting calcium-containing phosphate-binding agents for those containing aluminum, and strict avoidance of the concomitant use of citrate- and aluminum-containing compounds. Thus, in the future, aluminum toxicity should represent a rare and unusual side effect in dialyzed uremic patients.

journal_name

Ther Drug Monit

authors

Alfrey AC

doi

10.1097/00007691-199312000-00025

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1993-12-01 00:00:00

pages

593-7

issue

6

eissn

0163-4356

issn

1536-3694

journal_volume

15

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Effects of heparin sodium on gentamicin assay measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay method.

    abstract::The effect of heparin sodium on the assay of gentamicin using the fluorescence polarization immunoassay system was investigated with varying heparin and gentamicin concentrations. Heparin had no significant effect on gentamicin concentrations as measured by this system. ...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007691-198409000-00011

    authors: Jackson DS,Bertino JS Jr

    更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00

  • Quantification of immunosuppression by flow cytometry in stable renal transplant recipients.

    abstract::The current standard of monitoring transplant patients by drug levels is not optimal because it does not take into account the different and individual effects of immunosuppressive drugs on each patient. In this study, the authors tested immune function assays for monitoring transplant patients. Blood was collected fr...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007691-200302000-00003

    authors: Stalder M,Bîrsan T,Holm B,Haririfar M,Scandling J,Morris RE

    更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00

  • Glutathione Transferase Gene Variants Influence Busulfan Pharmacokinetics and Outcome After Myeloablative Conditioning.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Busulfan (Bu) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) are frequently included in conditioning regimens before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Both drugs are detoxified by glutathione transferases (GST), and GST gene variants may explain some of the interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics and drug t...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000180

    authors: Bremer S,Fløisand Y,Brinch L,Gedde-Dahl T,Bergan S

    更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00

  • Multicenter quality control study of amikacin assay for monitoring once-daily dosing regimens. International Antimicrobial Therapy Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer.

    abstract::During once-daily dosing regimens of aminoglycosides, administration of large single doses results in high peak levels and low 24-h trough levels. However, commercial assays for monitoring aminoglycoside levels are designed to cover the smaller range of serum concentrations usually observed during multiple daily dosin...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1097/00007691-199504000-00005

    authors: Blaser J,König C,Fatio R,Follath F,Cometta A,Glauser M

    更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00

  • Analysis of midazolam and metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography: probe of CYP3A.

    abstract::Hydroxylation of midazolam (MDZ) is mediated almost exclusively by CYP3A isoforms. The authors describe a high-performance liquid chromatography assay involving MDZ, 1'-hydroxymidazolam, and 4-hydroxymidazolam in plasma. The compounds were eluted on an Ultrasphere ODS, 3-microm particle size, 7.5 cm x 4.6 mm reversed-...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007691-199806000-00013

    authors: Carrillo JA,Ramos SI,Agundez JA,Martinez C,Benitez J

    更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of gentamicin pharmacokinetic parameters determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay and latex agglutination methods.

    abstract::Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) (TDx, Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics, Irvin, TX, U.S.A.) is commonly utilized for quantitative determination of gentamicin serum concentrations. Recently, automated homogeneous latex agglutination (LA) (Technicon Immuno-1, Miles Diagnostics Division, Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A.)...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007691-199408000-00010

    authors: Madaras-Kelly KJ,Mihalovic S,Zittel D,Ehresman D,Lakatua DJ,Rotschafer JC

    更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00

  • Distribution of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in blood: role of alpha-1-glycoprotein.

    abstract::To interpret blood levels of tricyclic antidepressants, we studied the distributions of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in human blood and explored their control by plasma factors. Each compound (300 ng/ml) was added to whole adult blood and to cord blood with decreased alpha-1-glycoprotein (AGP). Drugs (250 ng/ml) we...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007691-199308000-00002

    authors: Amitai Y,Kennedy EJ,DeSandre P,Frischer H

    更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00

  • Is free fraction measurement of phenytoin always necessary in pediatric epileptic patients?

    abstract::Sixty-two serum samples from 28 pediatric epileptic patients under treatment with phenytoin [diphenylhydantoin (DPH)] were obtained to study the correlation between total and free serum DPH concentrations. The effect of coadministered antiepileptic drugs on DPH protein binding was also studied. Binding of DPH to serum...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Johno I,Kuzuya T,Suzuki K,Hasegawa M,Nakamura T,Kitazawa S,Aso K,Watanabe K

    更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00

  • Highly specific quantification of ergotamine in urine, blood, and hair samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

    abstract::Ergotamine has been used for therapeutic purposes since the 1950s, usually to treat vascular headache. It is highly toxic and in large, repeated doses can produce all the symptoms of ergot poisoning. A selective and sensitive method, based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS2), has been developed ...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e318067dfe7

    authors: Favretto D,Frison G,Vogliardi S,Ferrara SD

    更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacokinetic studies of rifampicin in the elderly.

    abstract::The pharmacokinetics of rifampicin (RMP) and its principal active metabolite desacetylrifampicin (DA-RMP) were studied in six subjects, ranging in age from 78 to 95 years, after single oral doses of 10 mg/kg RMP. The maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax) and the elimination half-lives (t 1/2 beta) of RMP are 8.83 +/- 1...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007691-198303000-00004

    authors: Advenier C,Gobert C,Houin G,Bidet D,Richelet S,Tillement JP

    更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00

  • Validation of an electrospray ionization LC-MS/MS method for quantitative analysis of raltegravir, etravirine, and 9 other antiretroviral agents in human plasma samples.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Raltegravir is the first human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) integrase inhibitor used in treatment-experienced patients who have evidence of viral replication and HIV-1 strains resistance to multiple antiretroviral regimens. Etravirine is a novel NNRTI, active against HIV-1 strains harboring multiple NNRT...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181c05adf

    authors: Quaranta S,Woloch C,Paccou A,Giocanti M,Solas C,Lacarelle B

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of cross-reactivity of urinary digoxin-like substance in different radioimmunoassays.

    abstract::For the accuracy of routine monitoring of digoxin and digitoxin it seems important to get information on the cross-reactivity of endogenous digitalis-like substances (EDLS). To obtain EDLS, urine was passed on Sep-Pak columns and eluted in fractions by increasing concentrations of acetonitrile. Dilution series of two ...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Vinge E,Ekman R

    更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00

  • 6-mercaptopurine plasma levels in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: relation to relapse risk and myelotoxicity.

    abstract::Plasma levels of 6-mercaptopurine were determined in 22 consecutive children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on oral remission maintenance therapy during the time period of August 1984 to January 1988. Each child received the drug once daily for up to 3 years and was studied repeatedly (1-12 times). An HPLC method w...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007691-198911000-00001

    authors: Hayder S,Lafolie P,Björk O,Peterson C

    更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00

  • High-performance liquid chromatography method for analyzing citalopram and desmethylcitalopram from human serum.

    abstract::This report describes a sensitive and specific method for analyzing a serotonin reuptake blocker, citalopram, and its active metabolite, desmethylcitalopram, in human serum. For high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, samples and standards are prepared with ASPEC automatic sample preparator using 100 m...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007691-199802000-00005

    authors: Akerman KK,Jolkkonen J,Huttunen H,Penttilä I

    更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00

  • Monitoring phenytoin in salivary and plasma ultrafiltrates of pediatric patients.

    abstract::The plasma binding of phenytoin and the relationship between phenytoin concentrations in salivary and plasma ultrafiltrates were evaluated in pediatric epileptic patients aged 2-15 years. Paired samples of plasma and saliva were ultrafiltered through an Amicon YMT membrane. Phenytoin concentrations were measured by a ...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007691-198309000-00014

    authors: Bachmann K,Forney RB Jr,Voeller K

    更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00

  • Reduction in N-Desmethylclozapine Level Is Determined by Daily Dose But Not Serum Concentration of Valproic Acid-Indications of a Presystemic Interaction Mechanism.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Valproic acid (VPA) is frequently used together with clozapine (CLZ) as mood-stabilizer or for the prevention of seizures in patients with psychotic disorders. VPA is known to reduce levels of the pharmacologically active CLZ-metabolite N-desmethylclozapine (N-DMC), but factors determining the degree of this...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000619

    authors: Smith RL,Kyllesø L,Haslemo T,Andreassen OA,Molden E

    更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00

  • Valproic acid binding to human serum and human placenta in vitro.

    abstract::The binding characteristics of the antiepileptic agent and teratogen valproic acid for human serum and human placenta were investigated utilizing equilibrium dialysis of the drugs in serum and in homogenates of whole placenta so that the transplacental transfer of the drug could be better defined. A low-capacity, high...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000158077.07836.9a

    authors: Bailey DN,Briggs JR

    更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00

  • Simple and Accurate Quantitative Analysis of 16 Antipsychotics and Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Ultrafast High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In psychopharmacology, treatment with psychotropic drugs is often suboptimal, mainly because of the high interindividual variability in pharmacokinetic properties. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can be a valuable tool for monitoring the individual effects of a prescribed dosage in a patient, and it facili...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000197

    authors: Wang J,Huang H,Yao Q,Lu Y,Zheng Q,Cheng Y,Xu X,Zhou Q,Wu D,Zhang M,Li X,Zhang J

    更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00

  • Prescribing patterns and the use of therapeutic drug monitoring of psychotropic medication in a psychiatric high-security unit.

    abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the use of psychotropic medication and therapeutic drug monitoring in a high-security psychiatric unit and to compare the doses and serum concentrations both with the recommended intervals and with the doses and serum concentrations in a control group. One hundred thirty-two pa...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31818622c4

    authors: Castberg I,Spigset O

    更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00

  • A rapid and simple microassay for lidocaine in human blood plasma using gas-liquid chromatography with nitrogen detection.

    abstract::Lidocaine is widely used in antiarrhythmic therapy, and the need to monitor the drug concentration in the blood of patients receiving lidocaine is well established. We have developed a new assay for lidocaine designed for the routine clinical therapeutic drug monitoring laboratory. A 100-microliter aliquot of blood pl...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007691-198102000-00010

    authors: Gal J,Freedman MD,Kumar E,Freed CR

    更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00

  • Improved solid-phase extraction technique for plasma flecainide analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography.

    abstract::A method for analyzing flecainide in plasma was developed and assessed. Based on the use of C18 extraction columns eight or fewer times, the rapid and simple extraction procedure provided consistent, high-efficiency flecainide extraction (>85%). Using reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorome...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007691-199808000-00014

    authors: Wilson KM,Schneider JJ,Ravenscroft PJ

    更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00

  • Monitoring Plasma Levels of Donepezil, 5-O-Desmethyl-Donepezil, 6-O-Desmethyl-Donepezil, and Donepezil-N-Oxide by a Novel HPLC Method in Patients With Alzheimer Disease.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In humans, donepezil (D) is metabolized to 5-O-desmethyl-donepezil (5DD), 6-O-desmethyl-donepezil (6DD), and donepezil-N-oxide (DNox). Although 6DD and DNox are pharmacologically active, the activity of 5DD is unknown. At present, no routine methods are available to detect D and its 3 metabolites simultaneou...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000246

    authors: Groppa F,Coin A,De Rosa G,Granziera S,Alexopoulos C,Pamio MV,Padrini R

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • A retrospective TDM database analysis of interpatient variability in the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir in HIV-infected adults.

    abstract::Lopinavir is one of the most-widely used protease inhibitors in the treatment of HIV-1 infected patients. Concentration-effect relationships have been described for both antiviral activity and toxicity. Less is known about patient characteristics that may determine interpatient variability in lopinavir plasma concentr...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000245681.12092.d6

    authors: van der Leur MR,Burger DM,la Porte CJ,Koopmans PP

    更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00

  • How high can we go with phenytoin?

    abstract::Phenytoin is an effective anticonvulsant, but high serum phenytoin concentrations may be associated with serious toxicity. The upper limit for the therapeutic serum concentration of phenytoin is considered to be 80 micromol/L. However, in some situations higher serum concentrations are needed to control seizures. The ...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007691-200206000-00010

    authors: Kozer E,Parvez S,Minassian BA,Kobayashi J,Verjee Z,Koren G

    更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00

  • Risperidone and Venlafaxine Metabolic Ratios Strongly Predict a CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizing Genotype.

    abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the predictive value of the risperidone and venlafaxine metabolic ratios and CYP2D6 genotype. METHODS:The determination of risperidone, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, and venlafaxine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, N-desmethylvenlafaxine and CYP2D6 genotype was performed in 425 and 491 patients, respectively. T...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000251

    authors: Mannheimer B,Haslemo T,Lindh JD,Eliasson E,Molden E

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • A New Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for a Total Anti-T Lymphocyte Globulin Determination: Development, Analytical Validation, and Clinical Applications.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Anti-T lymphocyte globulin (ATLG) modulates the alloreactivity of T lymphocytes, reducing the risk of immunological posttransplant complications, in particular rejection and graft-versus-host disease, after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We developed and validated a new enzyme-lin...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000407

    authors: Montagna M,La Nasa G,Bernardo ME,Piras E,Avanzini MA,Regazzi M,Locatelli F

    更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00

  • Excretion of the principal urinary metabolites of phenytoin and absolute oral bioavailability determined by use of a stable isotope in patients with epilepsy.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The anticonvulsant properties of phenytoin (PHT) were discovered in 1938. Since then, it has been one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs. It is slowly absorbed, extensively plasma protein-bound, exhibits a nonlinear, concentration-dependent pharmacokinetic profile, and has a narrow therapeutic range...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182081089

    authors: Aliwarga T,Cloyd JC,Goel V,Brundage RC,Marino SE,Leppik IE,Remmel RP

    更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00

  • Determination of vigabatrin in plasma by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

    abstract::A method is described for the determination of vigabatrin in 50 microliters of plasma by isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection. The procedure involves protein precipitation with methanol followed by precolumn derivatisation with o-phthaldialdehyde reagent. Separation of the deri...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00007691-199105000-00011

    authors: Tsanaclis LM,Wicks J,Williams J,Richens A

    更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00

  • Posaconazole plasma concentrations in critically ill patients.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Posaconazole is an azole antifungal agent with a broad spectrum of activity and a manageable side-effect profile. Although the pharmacokinetics of posaconazole have been described in healthy volunteers who received the drug by means of a nasogastric tube or with nutritional supplements, the pharmacokinetics ...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31821fb197

    authors: Ray J,Campbell L,Rudham S,Nguyen Q,Marriott D

    更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00

  • Therapeutic drug monitoring of infliximab in spondyloarthritis: an observational open-label study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds to human tumor necrosis factor alpha and which is approved for refractory spondyloarthritis (SpA). Individual adjustment of infliximab dosage may help to improve the therapeutic response in SpA. We investigated whether a knowledge of infliximab serum co...

    journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e318224f83d

    authors: Méric JC,Mulleman D,Ducourau E,Lauféron F,Miow Lin DC,Watier H,Goupille P,Paintaud G

    更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00