Abstract:
:Current instrumentation provides capabilities for minute fetal anatomic exploration and for integrative physiologic inference. This extends the complexity of the study and the diagnostic obligation of the examiner. The direction of study and clarification of findings devolve increasingly upon pathology and pathophysiology rather on than prior imaging experience. We believe that smaller parts scanning has a role in every fetal examination. An increasing number of reports in the literature attest to the improvement in anatomic imaging for first trimester detection of anomalies. Focused, microregion anatomic perusal is applicable throughout pregnancy, provides information for physiologic inference, and can be used for prediction of pathology, detection of abnormalities, and, in most examinations, in a wellness role of confirming normality. A conceptual paradox is associated with smaller parts scanning. As the examiner concentrate on progressively more minute regions and structures, it becomes increasingly important to analyze findings in a holistic, or perhaps holographic, context. This is evident in fetal studies in which any local facet of development affects the entire process of gestation. The specific signs we use for sampling the developmental process vary in utility and reliability depending on technical capabilities, operator expertise, and regional population effects. Fetal studies are inseparable from parental emotional, physical, and genetic factors, which must be recognized and addressed as the study proceeds.
journal_name
Radiol Clin North Amjournal_title
Radiologic clinics of North Americaauthors
Birnholz Jsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-09-01 00:00:00pages
977-91issue
5eissn
0033-8389issn
1557-8275journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::One of the single most important considerations in clinical management of the patient with prostate cancer is whether or not metastatic disease is present. The identification of metastatic disease in a patient with newly diagnosed prostate cancer represents an absolute contraindication to definitive local therapies su...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70153-6
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The overhead throwing motion is a complex sequence of maneuvers that requires coordinated muscle activity in the upper and lower extremities. The shoulder and elbow are subject to multidirectional forces and are particularly vulnerable to injury during specific phases of the overhead throwing motion. Ligamentous, tend...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2012.09.016
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sacroiliac joints present unique problems in diagnosis for both the clinician and the radiologist. Each of the imaging modalities presents advantages and problems. The specific clinical problems determine whether advanced imaging modalities such as scintigraphy, CT scan, or magnetic resonance imaging will compleme...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an important manifestation of atherosclerosis, with an estimated age-adjusted prevalence of approximately 13% in people older than 50 years. Noninvasive vascular laboratory physiologic studies are indispensable tools in the initial evaluation and workup and postintervention follow-...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2014.07.006
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of pancreas transplants performed and the success rate have increased significantly since the first segmental pancreas transplant was performed in 1966. Since 1977, 716 pancreas transplants have been performed in 670 patients at 69 institutions. Currently 230 grafts (32 per cent) are listed as functioning (...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of surgical therapy for ischemic heart disease and the prospects for modification of risk factors for coronary artery disease have made the detection of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients more important. Cardiac fluoroscopy is an inexpensive and relatively efficacious screening method for coro...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article addresses the dependence of the image characteristics in MR imaging of the orbit. Among the variables discussed are signal-to-noise (SNR), field of view (FOV), spatial resolution, and their interdependence. It is further shown how image contrast can be controlled by judicious choice of pulse timing parame...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiographic imaging of the chest remains one of the most important and most challenging problems in radiology. The wide range of information that results from the great variation of radiation behind the lungs compared with that behind the mediastinum creates a very difficult imaging problem. The introduction and cont...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviewed the major sports medicine conditions affecting the knee and their MR imaging appearance. MR imaging of the knee is considered efficacious especially in the setting of indeterminate clinical findings and can stratify patients, guiding further surgical management. MR imaging affects the diagnosis a...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0033-8389(02)00004-0
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetic resonance (MR) enterography is a targeted examination of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the small intestine, without nasojejunal intubation (in which case it is referred to as MR enteroclysis). Until recently, MR imaging of the small bowel could not reliably compete with the high-quality small bowel...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2012.09.007
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The equipment used in digital subtraction angiography is a combination of x-ray equipment and high-speed image-processing equipment. In this article, the components of a DSA system are described, including the x-ray generator, x-ray tube, image intensifier, television system, analog-to-digital (A-D) convertor, image p...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathologic conditions that involve the TMJ are similar to those conditions that involve other joints in the body. Therefore, many of the radiologic characteristics of these diseases are also similar. Nevertheless, because the articular surface of the condyle is an important site of mandibular growth, leading to se...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolution in computed tomography technology and image reconstruction have significantly changed practice. Dual energy computed tomography is being increasingly adopted owing to benefits of material separation, quantification, and improved contrast-to-noise ratio. The radiation dose can match that from single energy co...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2018.03.002
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary infections are among the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and contribute substantially to annual medical expenditures in the United States. Despite the availability of antimicrobial agents, pneumonia constitutes the sixth most common cause of death and the number one cause of death fr...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2005.10.009
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biliary complications of pancreatitis include cholestasis, secondary biliary cirrhosis, cholangitis, and pseudocyst or fistula affecting the hepatobiliary system. Of these, the most relevant for radiologists is cholestasis caused by biliary duct stenosis in an inflamed pancreatic head. Radiologic assessment of the...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A coalition is a congenital bony, cartilaginous, or fibrous connection (called a bar) between two or more bones. Coalitions are clinically significant because they prevent normal joint motion. Tarsal coalition may be difficult to identify on clinical and imaging evaluation. Given the high prevalence of coalition, radi...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2008.09.005
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cross-sectional spinal imaging is common, and extraspinal findings are often incidentally identified during interpretation. Although some of these findings may cause symptoms that mimic a spinal disorder, the majority are entirely asymptomatic and incidental. It is essential that the radiologist not only identify thos...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2018.09.009
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::MR imaging has become the definitive diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of suspected spinal dysrhaphic processes. Techniques for spinal MR imaging are discussed and MR findings in patients with surgically verified dysrhaphic spinal lesions are reviewed. ...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrasound is a valuable diagnostic test throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. Early in this trimester, it is used to distinguish between normal intrauterine, failed intrauterine, and ectopic pregnancies. Later it can be used with maternal blood tests to screen for trisomy 21 and other forms of aneuploidy, and ...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2014.07.004
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three-dimensional ultrasound is a new modality finding its way into clinical practice. Most of the major ultrasound vendors are now developing three-dimensional ultrasound capabilities. We expect that although three-dimensional ultrasound will not replace two-dimensional ultrasound, many additional benefits will be id...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70294-3
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adrenal tumors include those of neural and cortical origin. Although most neuroblastomas present as abdominal masses, pheochromocytomas and cortical tumors usually present with endocrine dysfunction. Although imaging may not be able to differentiate benign lesions from malignant tumors, or whether they arise in the ad...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2011.05.001
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Care must be taken to optimally select settings for collimation, table feed, and reconstruction interval for successful helical CT and associated special application such as CT angiography. Thus, prospective planning is critical for optimal 3-D imaging. Generally, one wishes to minimize all of these parameters to maxi...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interface between tumor and bone that is displayed radiographically is a zone of cellular activity. Its radiographic appearance represents the summation of bone lysis and production. This activity and the radiographic details of the resultant margin are an index of the biologic activity of a lesion. The anatomic s...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of MR imaging as a noninvasive technique in the detection and evaluation of musculoskeletal diseases is unquestionable. Most of the studies reported in the literature are based on high-field MR imaging. Initial studies performed with low-field-strength have reported unsatisfactory results in the assessment of...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2005.02.001
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article describes the clinical and imaging roles of MR with respect to the following: neck masses of known or uncertain etiology; staging of cervical metastatic disease; thyroid and parathyroid; and evaluation of the thoracic inlet. Pertinent normal anatomy is highlighted when appropriate. ...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::PET with [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been accepted as a useful imaging modality for the diagnosis of a variety of malignancies. This article discusses the use of FDG-PET in the management of patients with thyroid and head or neck cancers. ...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2004.07.006
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marked increases in national health care costs, along with governmental coverage of health care costs for the elderly under Medicare, have resulted in increased government regulation of medical reimbursement rates. Private insurers and HMOs now provide reimbursements that are frequently the same or lower than those fr...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70203-7
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Positron emission tomography (PET) and combined PET/CT provide powerful metabolic and anatomical information together in a single exam. This article reviews the fundamentals of PET physics, the state of the art and future directions in PET technology, and the current clinical applications of PET. The latter is quite d...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2008.10.005
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, the numerous proven applications of diagnostic ultrasound to the assessment of disease processes affecting the popliteal fossa and lower extremities have been discussed. Popliteal cysts and aneurysms, hematomas, cellulitis, abscesses, soft tissue neoplasms, and other space-occupying fluid collections ...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cross-sectional imaging techniques such as CT and MR imaging have advantages over traditional barium fluoroscopic techniques in their ability to visualize superimposed bowel loops better and to improve visualization of extraluminal findings and complications. This article discusses MR imaging of the small bowel with e...
journal_title:Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2007.03.012
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00