Abstract:
:Rhesus monkeys were trained in a discrete-trials choice procedure and allowed to choose between intravenous injections of cocaine (0.01-1.0 mg/kg/injection) and food presentation (1 or 4 pellets; 1 g/pellet) during daily 7-h experimental sessions. When each reinforcer was available under a fixed-ratio (FR) 30 schedule, the frequency of cocaine choice and the total drug intake increased in a dose-related manner for all monkeys. When the FR for cocaine was differentially increased, the frequency of cocaine choice decreased, shifting the cocaine dose-response function to the right and/or downward. When the FR for cocaine was at least 480, cocaine preference could not be recovered up to doses of 1.0 mg/kg/injection. In a second experiment, when the response requirement for food was differentially increased, the frequency of cocaine choice increased. These results demonstrate that altering the response requirement for cocaine or for alternative reinforcers that are available can substantially affect cocaine self-administration.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Nader MA,Woolverton WLdoi
10.1007/BF02245115subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-01-01 00:00:00pages
295-300issue
3eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
108pub_type
杂志文章abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Functional (pharmacodynamic) ethanol tolerance can be evidenced within a single session of exposure to ethanol (acute or within-session tolerance), or after repeated ethanol exposures (chronic or between-session tolerance). To investigate whether acute and chronic tolerance to ethanol are inter...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100722
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute (50.0 mg/kg) and repeated (0.1-10.0 mg/kg) administration of dihydroergosine (DHESN) to rats over 5 days lowered the concentration of 5-HIAA in the brain. DHESN given acutely increased the brain 5-HT in p-CPA-treated animals and diminished the probenecid-induced increase in brain 5-HIAA. In pargyline-treated rat...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00172881
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Previous studies have postulated functional links between GABA and cannabinoid systems in the hippocampus. The aim of the present study was to investigate any possible interaction between these systems in spatial change and object novelty discrimination memory consolidation in the dorsal hippocampus (CA1 regi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4688-4
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The behavioral effects of repeated methylphenidate (MPH) treatment were assessed in the adult rat. Protein kinase A (PKA) and adenylyl cyclase (basal and DA-stimulated) activity in the dorsal striatum (i.e., caudate-putamen) were measured to determine whether MPH-induced alterations in these enzymes correlate with the...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050536
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies indicate that some aspects of memory can be enhanced by the administration of oxygen or glucose. Considering the dependency of glucose metabolism upon oxygen supply, the present study predicted that administering a combination of 100% oxygen with glucose would have greater memory-enhancing effects than ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050577
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Schizophrenia is characterized by a large variety of cognitive symptoms, among which information processing deficits have been extensively studied. So far, these aspects have been found to be remarkably stable and effective treatment is still lacking. Traditionally, information processing is subdivided into p...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1684-7
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Latent inhibition (LI) is a phenomenon in which repeated, non-reinforced presentation of a stimulus retards subsequent conditioning to that stimulus. Several recent experiments have suggested that LI is abolished following acute, low doses of amphetamine given during pre-exposure and conditioning, and this effect has ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244656
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and clozapine have the common action of increasing dopamine metabolism in the striatum (nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen) of the rat. Intracerebroventricular administration of kainic acid (KA) produces neuronal loss in limbic-cortical brain regions which project directly or indire...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050384
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Rolipram, an inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE4) produces discriminative stimulus effects in rats. These effects may be related to a wide range of central nervous system effects described previously. OBJECTIVE:The purposes of the present study were to: (i) assess the specificity of the discrimin...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100878
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine has been argued to improve attention via enhanced filtering of irrelevant stimuli. Here, we tested this hypothesis in the context of smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs), an oculomotor function previously shown to improve with nicotin...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05223-1
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravenous self-administration of d-amphetamine (0.25 mg/kg/injection) decreased in a dose-related fashion after injections of the dopaminergic agonists apomorphine and piribedil. The dopaminergic agonists appear to suppress amphetamine intake in the same way as do 'free' amphetamine injections, by extending drug sat...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427393
更新日期:1978-07-19 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Performance on progressive ratio schedules has been proposed as a means of assessing the effects of drugs on the value or "efficacy" of reinforcers. A mathematical model affords a basis for quantifying the effects of drugs on progressive ratio schedule performance. According to this model, the relation betwee...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-004-2049-6
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lithium pretreatment in rats potentiates the epileptogenic effects of pilocarpine and other cholinergic agonists. In order to determine if this effect of lithium could be reversed by myo-inositol, rats were pretreated with intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of myoinositol, artificial CSF or L-chiro-inositol. Lit...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02246978
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Recent studies have implicated an important role for the dorsal striatum during craving for cocaine and in cocaine-seeking after abstinence in rats. OBJECTIVES:We compared the effects of pharmacological inactivation of mesencephalic dopamine (DA) cell body regions and dorsal vs ventral striatal terminal fiel...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0850-8
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acamprosate (calcium-acetyl homotaurinate) is a new compound used in the treatment of alcohol abuse. Because of the putative link between alcoholism and the endogenous opioid systems in both humans and laboratory animals, we tested in rats the effects of acamprosate on behavioral and neurochemical effects of opioid dr...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050730
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The thalamus is a major target of dopaminergic projections and is densely connected with the prefrontal cortex. A better understanding of how dopamine changes thalamo-cortical communication may shed light on how dopamine supports cognitive function. Methylphenidate has been shown to facilitate cognitive proc...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05505-z
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intracerebroventricular administration of carbachol chloride induced a characteristic wet dog shake response in rats. Neither 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, a serotonergic depletor, nor DL-p-chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis, affected wet dog shakes induced by carbachol. Putative antiserotonergic drugs...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00426469
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The general premise that receptor theory provides a useful framework for understanding the behavioral effects of psychoactive drugs has been a central tenet of behavioral pharmacology. OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this review is to reiterate this basic theme and, in particular, the proposition that current con...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s002130000567
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:(+/-) 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") is an amphetamine analog and drug of abuse. In animals, MDMA damages brain serotonin (5-HT) neurons at doses that overlap with those used recreationally by some humans. To date, few functional sequelae of MDMA-induced 5-HT damage have been identified. ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050967
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Behavioral disturbances (BD) are prevalent in patients with substance use disorders (SUD). OBJECTIVES:To test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to cocaine could favor the acquisition of BD that were not present in childhood. METHODS:We used child and adult ADHD self-report screening scales (WURS-25 and A...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05620-x
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats selectively bred for high alcohol sleep times (HAS) and those that are less affected (LAS) by hypnotic doses (3.0-3.6 g/kg) of ethanol were tested for differential responses to the aversive effects of 1.0 g/kg ethanol in a conditioned place preference task. Likewise, the effects of 0.3-1.0 g/kg ethanol on spontan...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245271
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It was the aim of the present study to determine the affinities of four neuroleptics and five antidepressants for histamine H3 receptors. In rat brain cortex membranes, the specifically bound [3H]-N alpha-methylhistamine was monophasically displaced by clozapine (pKi 6.15). The other drugs did not completely displace ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02247479
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was performed on the effect of ethanol on the basal and K+-evoked efflux of endogenous GABA from rat hypothalamic fragments. The amount of GABA present in the medium and in the tissue was measured by radioreceptor assay. In vitro addition of ethanol (50 and 100 mM) enhanced the K+-evoked efflux of GABA in a Ca...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00181959
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of morphine, ketocyclazocine, cyclazocine, and SKF-10,047 were tested alone and in conjunction with naltrexone or naloxone, in rats responding under a multiple fixed-interval 3-min schedule of food presentation. Under this paradigm, electric shock was delivered on a fixed-ratio schedule for responses occur...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00435274
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Repeated social stress experiences engender "behavioral sensitization" and may also increase the potential for abuse of psychomotor stimulants, particularly cocaine use during "binges." OBJECTIVE:Experimental protocols were designed to induce behavioral sensitization through exposures to social-defeat stress...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100858
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acute effect of ethanol upon the NSD (normalized slope descriptors) or Hjorth parameters of EEG were analyzed in 11 students. The maximal blood-alcohol concentration ranged from 1.0--1.7 mg/l. The activity (mean amplitude) increased and the complexity (frequency spread) decreased significantly as a function of tim...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00429184
更新日期:1978-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Ten rats were trained to lever press for food reward on a schedule of differential reinforcement of low rates of response with a 20-s criterion (DRL 20). Ten more were trained on a new schedule of punishment, designed to be comparable to DRL 20 - differential punishment of high rates of response (DPH 20). Under this s...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431812
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of dopamine agonists on self-stimulation are a matter of considerable dispute. Apomorphine has variously been reported to inhibit, have no effect on, or to facilitate lever-press self-stimulation. To investigate the possibility that these discrepancies may reflect peculiarities of the lever-press test situ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00433261
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neurochemical specificity of physiological, biochemical, and psychological responses to dextroamphetamine was tested by pretreating volunteers with haloperidol (0.014 mg/kg IM), propranolol (0.1 mg/kg IV), thymoxamine (0.1 mg/kg IV), or placebo prior to 0.3 mg/kg IV amphetamine. Healthy volunteers (N = 12) partici...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427446
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE:Depression symptoms are now recognized to be the predominant cause of disability for bipolar disorder (BD) patients. The treatment strategies for the depressed phase of BD remain more anecdotal than data-based. Olanzapine has been investigated as an alternative to antidepressants and a mood stab...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3453-1
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00