Abstract:
:Establishing associations between environmental agents and disease presents challenges to both epidemiologists and toxicologists, particularly in cases of complex gene-environment interactions and when there is a long latency between exposure and disease. Biologic markers, physiological signals that reflect exposure, early cellular response, or inherent or acquired susceptibilities, provide a new strategy for resolving some of these problems. Biomarker research assumes that toxicant-induced diseases are progressive and that injury proceeds from entry of the toxicant into target cells, which induces subcellular biochemical events, to cell- and organ-level events that eventually induce irreversible or persistent organism dysfunction. The epidemiologic value of a biomarker lies in its ability to predict backward toward exposure and forward toward risk of clinical outcome, which is largely unknown. Research in mechanistic toxicology will advance the range of useful biomarkers in epidemiology and clinical medicine.
journal_name
Clin Chemjournal_title
Clinical chemistryauthors
Silbergeld EK,Davis DLsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-07-01 00:00:00pages
1363-7issue
7 Pt 2eissn
0009-9147issn
1530-8561journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Controversy regarding the presence of a circadian rhythm in unconjugated estriol in serum during pregnancy led us to study the possibility that the observed rhythms actually are the result of partitioning of estriol into serum lipids when these increase postprandially. Addition of triglycerides to purified estriol sta...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The counting of leukocytes and erythrocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is still performed microscopically, e.g., using a chamber in most laboratories. This requires sufficient practical experience, is time-consuming, and may constitute a problem in emergency diagnostics. Specific automated systems for CSF ...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Institutions face increasing charges related to molecular genetic testing for neurological diseases. The literature contains little information on the utilization and performance of these tests. METHODS:A retrospective utilization review was performed to determine the diagnostic yield of neurogenetic tests ...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.083360
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review the following labels used as substitutes for radioisotopes in immunoassay systems: bacteriophages, chemiluminescence precursors, fluorochromes, fluorogens, fluorescence quenchers, enzymes, coenzymes, inhibitors, substrates, various particulates, metal atoms, and stable free radicals. New methods for performi...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a liquid-chromatographic assay for AZT in human plasma and urine. This assay involves the use of two internal standards, allowing reference of AZT peaks to the appropriate internal standard, the choice depending on the range of concentrations encountered. This method is isocratic, specific, sensitive enoug...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection occurs worldwide and is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in the US. In this review, I cover the epidemiology, course of infection, clinical manifestations, serological responses, and prevention of this infection. Although most patients completely recover from this disease, ...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a fully enzymatic method to measure 1,5 anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG) in serum through use of pyranose oxidase (PROD: EC 1.1.3.10), glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2), and an ATP-regenerating system. In a previous report (Clin Chem 1989;35:2039-43) the glucose interfering with the measurement of 1,5-AG was remov...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a simple method in which a water-soluble mixture of triocatanoin and a surfactant, "Triton X-114," are used in preparing solutions of triglycerides (triacylglycerols) in either human serum, solutions of albumin, or water. Analytical recovery added triglyceride was quantitative by two methods. The addition ...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The sex differential in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, which is not explained by male/female differences in lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, narrows with age. We examined whether this differential CHD risk might, in part, be attributable to the sizes of lipoprotein particles or concentrations of lip...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2004.032763
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed and evaluated a new procedure for detecting trends in quality-control measurements and applied it to laboratory data. The method requires the use of sequential or "moving" slope estimates to identify trends. Formulae are derived to estimate the regression error for the moving slope directly from the ...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We determined estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in cytosols prepared from 189 human breast carcinoma tissues, 85 benign or normal breast biopsies, and 101 tissue specimens metastatic from breast carcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen was observed in 70% of the primary carcinomatous tissues, 15% of th...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two families with benign hyperphosphatasemia of intestinal origin were studied and compared with six other cases reported in the literature. No evidence of clinical abnormalities or explanations for the unusual enzyme concentrations were found. Agarose gel electrophoresis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) isoe...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::One currently observes many healthcare institutions rushing to reengineer and install information systems with the expectation of achieving enhanced efficiency, competitiveness, and, it is hoped, higher patient satisfaction resulting from timely, high-quality care. Unfortunately, information system concepts, design, a...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this simple, quick procedure for determining copper in human serum and urine, the serum and urine specimens were analyzed directly after dilution with a solution of HNO3 and Triton X-100, 1 mL/L each. We calibrated with aqueous standards for quantitation in Zeeman background atomic absorption spectrometry. By modif...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of hybridoma technology has provided the immunotechnologist a finely tunable instrument that should permit a marked advance in the immunologic sciences. The ability to choose the precise antibody required and the virtually unlimited availability of easily purified antibodies have already resulted in the sim...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicological determinations are crucial to coroners' or medical examiners' judgments that drugs are significantly involved in a death. However, differences in laboratory procedures, thoroughness of screening, and limits of detection may result in artifactual differences in the toxicological results and the subsequent...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present data on a filter-paper collection and assay method for measurement of glycated hemoglobin (gHb). Onto filter paper dipped into a solution of glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) and allowed to dry, approximately 20 microL of capillary blood was spotted. For analysis, we eluted the dried blood spot from the paper by...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently, we can make the following generalizations about the major long-term complications of diabetes. First, they occur commonly after 10 to 15 years of diabetes. Second, the complications of renal and retinal disease, but not of atherogenic and neurological disease, appear to be related to the severity of hypergl...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the EMIT (enzyme-multiplied immuno technique) and FPIA (fluorescence polarization immunoassay) urine screening systems for detection of benzodiazepine intake. Healthy male volunteers were given single oral therapeutic doses of alprazolam (2 mg), chlordiazepoxide (25 mg), flunitrazepam (1 mg), lorazepam (3...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present an improved Na+-selective liquid membrane electrode for measurement of Na+ concentrations in both undiluted serum and urine. The values for urinary Na+ obtained with the ion-selective electrode agree well with those obtained with the flame photometer. The correlation gives a standard residual deviation of +...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Distinguishing adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma subtypes of non-small cell lung cancers is critical to patient care. Preoperative minimally-invasive biopsy techniques, such as fine needle aspiration (FNA), are increasingly used for lung cancer diagnosis and subtyping. Yet, histologic distinction of...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvaa207
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This relatively simple, rapid method for quantification of homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) involves solvent extraction and capillary gas chromatography. With use of this extraction method, the overall analytical recovery from an aqueous solution is 92.5% for HVA and 79.2% for VMA. 3,4-Dihydroxy...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In recent years, a large number of studies have been published on the performance of glucose monitors. The quality of these reports is not known. METHODS:We searched the PubMed database for performance evaluations of handheld glucose monitors published from August 2002 to November 2006. Relevant articles we...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.083493
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although it is being increasingly applied, blood collection for drug testing in sport presents some logistic issues that complicate full applicability on a large scale. The use of dried blood spots (DBS) could benefit compliant blood testing considerably owing to its simplicity, minimal invasiveness, analyte...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2016.257592
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A modified heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography procedure (Boberg et al., J. Lipid Res. 18:544-547, 1977) was developed to determine two different triglyceride lipase activities in human post-heparin plasma: hepatic triglyceride lipase (I) and lipoprotein lipase (II). With this procedure, lipoproteins were separa...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) is the preferred biomarker for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It has been suggested that cTnT is present predominantly in fragmented forms in human serum following AMI. In this study, we have used a targeted mass spectrometry assay and epitope mapping using West...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2016.261511
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the disposable rotor of the SAM microcentrifugal analyzer, various lyophilized reagents are predistributed in 24 33-microL cuvets, for determination of multiple analytes in one specimen (e.g., for patient profiles). We evaluated a prototype of this system, which can be used at 25, 30, or 37 degrees C; absorbance re...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pompe disease (PD) is the first lysosomal storage disorder to be added to the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel for newborn screening. This condition has a broad phenotypic spectrum, ranging from an infantile form (IOPD), with severe morbidity and mortality in infancy, to a late-onset form (LOPD) with vari...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1373/clinchem.2016.259036
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitivity, stability, and specificity of the color-producing reaction of hydrogen peroxide with bezidine, leuco-malachite green, or o-dianisidine were tested in numerous systems containing hemoglobin and other hemoproteins. Use of urea or low temperature (to minus 12 degrees C), or both, was highly beneficial, espec...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of infrared (IR) spectroscopy for the simultaneous quantification of serum LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations. METHODS:Serum samples (n = 90) were obtained. Duplicate aliquots (5 microL) of the serum specimens were dried...
journal_title:Clinical chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00