Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The podocyte is the focus of much research into the mechanisms of renal disease progression, and the number of podocytes per glomerulus has thus become a parameter of much interest. When counting podocytes, the actual particle counted is the cell nucleus. The majority of published studies estimating podocyte number have used the method of Weibel and Gomez (1962). This makes assumptions about the shape and size of the cell nuclei and therefore has an inherent bias. In our studies we have used a more recent stereologic method--the disector/fractionator--that makes no assumptions about the shape or size of the cell nuclei and is therefore free of bias. METHODS:We set out to compare the two methods, in both type 1 diabetic patients and normal controls, to determine whether eliminating bias and thus improving accuracy had any effect on the overall results. The Weibel-Gomez method estimates cell number from a single section through the glomerulus, whereas the disector/fractionator requires the glomerulus to be serially sectioned. RESULTS:There was no significant difference between mean values obtained by the two methods, providing that the Weibel-Gomez estimate was performed on electron micrographs. However, the overall variance was high for all groups of patients, independent of the method employed. CONCLUSION:Although the disector/fractionator is the theoretic gold standard method for podocyte number estimation, comparable estimates can be obtained by the Weibel-Gomez method provided they are made from electron micrographs. Thus the technical resources available may determine the choice of method employed. Investigators should be aware of the high degree of variability in the estimate, particularly when trying to detect small changes in podocyte number.
journal_name
Kidney Intjournal_title
Kidney internationalauthors
White KE,Bilous RWdoi
10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00787.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-08-01 00:00:00pages
663-7issue
2eissn
0085-2538issn
1523-1755pii
S0085-2538(15)50095-1journal_volume
66pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract::Insulin resistance from chronic kidney disease (CKD) stimulates muscle protein wasting but mechanisms causing this resistance are controversial. To help resolve this, we used microarray analyses to identify initiators of insulin resistance in the muscles of mice with CKD, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. C...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.2013.97
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An open, randomized trial study on the therapeutic effect of recombinant alpha-interferon (IFN alpha) in 40 patients with hepatitis B virus membranous nephropathy (HBVMN) was conducted. All were pathologically proven to have HBVMN which showed no response to corticosteroid treatment represented by persistent heavy pro...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1038/ki.1995.27
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The family of bone morphogenetic proteins. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted signaling molecules belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of growth factors. The first BMPs were originally identified by their ability to induce ectopic bone formation when implanted under the ...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00081.x
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) leads to chronic allograft dysfunction and loss. Regular renal transplant biopsies may be useful to find risk factors for CAN. METHODS:We carried out 688 protocol biopsies in 258 patients at 6, 12, and 26 weeks after renal transplantation. Patients with signs of CAN in th...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00087.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The renal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta HSD2) enzyme inactivates 11-hydroxy steroids in the kidney, thereby protecting the nonselective mineralocorticoid (MR) receptor from occupation by glucocorticoids. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding 11beta HSD2 (HSD11B2) result in over...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.67119.x
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high risk of hyperkalemia, which increases mortality and can lead to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) dose reduction or discontinuation. Patiromer, a nonabsorbed potassium binder, has been shown to normalize serum potassium in patients with CKD an...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.2015.270
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with progression to advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). We tested whether patients who survive AKI and are at higher risk for CKD progression can be identified during their hospital admission, thus providing opportunities to intervene. This was assessed in patients in the Dep...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.2011.42
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::On a typical Western diet, the body is faced with the generation of a metabolically derived acid load that must be excreted to maintain systemic acid-base balance. The kidney is responsible for this task and matches daily acid excretion with daily acid production. Multiple nephron segments are involved in the process,...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5002543
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth, migration, and differentiation. Ultrastructural and histochemical studies indicate the existence of a high density of gap junctions among mesangial cells (MCs), but little is known about their regulati...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00041.x
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::E-64d, a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor, was tested for its ability to inhibit PTH-induced contraction in intact mouse MC-3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Incubation of MC-3T3-E1 cells with vehicle (DMSO) or E-64c, a nonpermeant cysteine protease inhibitor, in the presence or in the absence of PTH had no eff...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1993.99
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the complement regulatory proteins are associated with several different diseases. Although these mutations cause dysregulated alternative pathway activation throughout the body, the kidneys are the most common site of injury. The susceptibility of the kidney to alternative pathway-mediated injury may be ...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.kint.2016.02.036
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Our purpose was to compare the function and complications of two high-flow polyurethane hemodialysis catheters. METHODS:This prospective, randomized trial compared the Ash-Split (MedComp) and Opti-Flow (Bard Access Systems) catheters. All patients referred for tunneled hemodialysis catheter placement were o...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00416.x
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this retrospective study, we analyzed clinical laboratory, and pathologic variables to determine their value in predicting survival and survival free of renal failure for 170 consecutive patients with idiopathic renal vasculitis and glomerulonephritis evaluated during a 15 year period. Of the 170 patients, 108 had ...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1989.312
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The genetic dissection of a polygenic, multifactorial, quantitative disease such as arterial hypertension is hampered by a large environmental variance and by genetic heterogeneity. METHODS:To reduce the environmental variance, we measured the pressor response to a saline load (PRSL) and the basal plasma re...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00935.x
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hypertension is a recognized complication of partial correction of anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin) in hemodialysis patients. We used interdialytic ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring to study the effects of partially corrected anemia versus normal hematocrit (hct) on BP in hemod...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00531.x
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renal toxicity, possibly due to vasoconstriction and vascular injury, is the most relevant side-effect of chronic cyclosporine (CsA) therapy given to prevent graft rejection. In kidney transplant recipients each oral dose of CsA is invariably followed by a transient reduction in renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular ...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1993.101
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During vasculitis, activation of the kinin system induces inflammation, whereby the kinin B1-receptor is expressed and activated after ligand binding. Additionally, activated blood cells release microvesicles into the circulation. Here we determined whether leukocyte-derived microvesicles bear B1-kinin receptors durin...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.023
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many approaches to blocking profibrotic TGFbeta overexpression are under way. Therapeutic targeting of TGFbeta-Smad signaling holds promise for slowing or halting progressive renal disease. In this issue, Fukasawa et al., using the unilateral ureteral obstruction model, provide a new target for therapeutic interventio...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5000260
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rare autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease is caused by mutations in the genes encoding uromodulin (UMOD), hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF1B), renin (REN), and mucin-1 (MUC1). Multiple names have been proposed for these disorders, including 'Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease (MCKD) type 2', 'Familial Ju...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 共识发展会议,杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.1038/ki.2015.28
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Albumin is an acceptor of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), product of the lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) reaction, and it has been suggested that low LCAT activity and reduced cholesterol esterification rate in patients with the nephrotic syndrome may be linked to depletion of albumin. Effects of low plasm...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1994.248
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::T lymphocytes modulate early ischemia-reperfusion injury in the kidney; however, their role during repair is unknown. We studied the role of TCRbeta(+)CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), known to blunt immune responses, in repair after ischemia-reperfusion injury to the kidney. Using a murine model of is...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.2009.259
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mesangial immunoglobulin A (IgA) deposition is incidentally encountered in asymptomatic individuals, but its precise frequency and significance had not been clarified. The background of the latent IgA deposition is related to the epidemiology and pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. METHODS:Zero-hour allograft ...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.6s.2.x
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renal involvement in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease has emerged as the most prevalent cause of death in this hereditary disorder. In a group of 43 VHL patients (23 unrelated families) with renal lesions we examined whether severity of renal disease is affected by parental inheritance and VHL subtype (1, without pheoc...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.1996.395
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adiponectin levels are increased in patients with type I diabetes especially in the presence of microangiopathy. Here we determined the predictive value of serum adiponectin levels and 8 adiponectin gene polymorphisms for mortality, cardiovascular events and end-stage renal disease in type I diabetic patients. This pr...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ki.2008.201
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cadaveric renal transplantation is associated with a survival advantage compared with dialysis patients remaining on the renal transplantation waiting list, but this advantage has not been confirmed in obese end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. METHODS:Using data from the USRDS, we studied 7521 patients...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00761.x
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kidney-targeted gene therapy could be an ideal treatment for renal diseases since the therapeutic molecule is limited in the kidney and the systemic effect may be minimized. The technical development of the gene delivery to kidney and the identification of the responsive gene for a particular disease encourage the cha...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.05409.x
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cross talk between the immune and nervous systems is critical not only for maintaining normal homeostasis but also for the progression of a variety of inflammatory diseases. Macrophage activation and β2-adrenergic receptors are known to play important roles in facilitating this communication between these 2 system...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.kint.2017.03.024
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human mesothelial cells (HMCs) have an important role in maintaining an adequately functioning fibrinolytic system in the peritoneal cavity by secreting the fibrinolytic enzymes tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (t-PA and u-PA), as well as a specific PA inhibitor, PA inhibitor type 1 (PAI-...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00244.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The hypothesis that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors interfere with the treatment of anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) remains controversial. To test this hypothesis, a retrospective analysis was conducted in a large group of hemodialysis patients with renal anemia. METHODS...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00028.x
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibody-mediated rejection represents the first cause of graft loss in renal transplant recipients, and it is imperative to identify appropriate tools to enable risk stratification of such patients. Lately, the usefulness of measuring complement-binding anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) donor-specific antibodies (DS...
journal_title:Kidney international
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.kint.2018.06.032
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00