Roles of alpha beta and gamma delta T cell subsets in viral immunity.

abstract：:The immune system is composed of single cells, and its function is entirely dependent on the capacity of these cells to traffic, localize within tissues, and interact with each other in a precisely coordinated fashion. There is growing evidence that the large families of chemokines and chemokine receptors provide a fl...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Sallusto F,Mackay CR,Lanzavecchia A

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription factor NF-kappa B, more than a decade after its discovery, remains an exciting and active area of study. The involvement of NF-kappa B in the expression of numerous cytokines and adhesion molecules has supported its role as an evolutionarily conserved coordinating element in the organism's response t...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Ghosh S,May MJ,Kopp EB

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmunity and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases were a major focus of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, where I started my research career. After my initial studies on immune cell culture and immune regulation, I returned to an analysis of the pathogenesis of human autoimmunity in London. Linking upregulat...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Feldmann M

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are heterodimeric cell surface proteins that are critically important for the development and function of cells in the immune system. In particular, the maturation of CD4+ T cells is dependent on the expression of MHC class II molecules on thymic epithelium, wh...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Grusby MJ,Glimcher LH

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient key component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of invading pathogens. It was discovered more than 100 years ago and was originally defined as a liver-derived, blood-circulating sentinel system that classically mediates the opsonization and lyt...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： West EE,Kolev M,Kemper C

更新日期：2018-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:A host has two methods to defend against pathogens: It can clear the pathogens or reduce their impact on health in other ways. The first, resistance, is well studied. Study of the second, which ecologists call tolerance, is in its infancy. Tolerance measures the dose response curve of a host's health in reaction to a ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Ayres JS,Schneider DS

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the last several years, the mechanism of IFN gamma-dependent signal transduction has been the focus of intense investigation. This research has recently culminated in the elucidation of a comprehensive molecular understanding of the events that underlie IFN gamma-induced cellular responses. The structure and fu...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Bach EA,Aguet M,Schreiber RD

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tripartite subdivision of lymphocytes into B cells, alphabeta T cells, and gammadelta cells has been conserved seemingly since the emergence of jawed vertebrates, more than 450 million years ago. Yet, while we understand much about B cells and alphabeta T cells, we lack a compelling explanation for the evolutionar...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Hayday AC

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4+ T lymphocytes initiate and regulate both the specific and nonspecific effector mechanisms of allergic immune responses. The definition of immunogenic components within allergens has allowed the specificity of the T-cell repertoire to be examined, and the refinement of their molecular structure is now facilitating...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： O'Hehir RE,Garman RD,Greenstein JL,Lamb JR

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mast cells have existed long before the development of adaptive immunity, although they have been given different names. Thus, in the marine urochordate Styela plicata, they have been designated as test cells. However, based on their morphological characteristics (including prominent cytoplasmic granules) and mediator...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Galli SJ,Gaudenzio N,Tsai M

更新日期：2020-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Licensed vaccines against viral diseases generate antibodies that neutralize the infecting virus and protect against infection or disease. Similarly, an effective vaccine against HIV-1 will likely need to induce antibodies that prevent initial infection of host cells or that limit early events of viral dissemination. ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Mascola JR,Montefiori DC

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of tissue-resident innate lymphoid cell populations effecting different forms of type 1, 2, and 3 immunity; tissue repair; and immune regulation has transformed our understanding of mucosal immunity and allergy. The emerging complexity of these populations along with compounding issues of redundancy and ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Ishizuka IE,Constantinides MG,Gudjonson H,Bendelac A

更新日期：2016-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is usually transmitted through sexual contact and in the very early stages of infection establishes a persistent infection in lymphatic tissues (LT). Virus is produced and stored at this site in a dynamic process that slowly depletes the immune system of CD4+ T cells, setting the...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Haase AT

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed on the majority of white blood cells of the immune system and play critical roles in immune cell signaling. Through recognition of sialic acid-containing glycans as ligands, they help the immune system distinguish between self and nonself. Because...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Duan S,Paulson JC

更新日期：2020-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent structural information for complexes of cytokine receptor ectodomains bound to their ligands has significantly expanded our understanding of the macromolecular topology and ligand recognition mechanisms used by our three principal shared cytokine signaling receptors-gp130, gamma(c), and beta(c). The gp130 famil...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Wang X,Lupardus P,Laporte SL,Garcia KC

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Development of the acquired immune response is dependent on the signaling of CD40 by its ligand, CD154. These molecules govern both the magnitude and quality of humoral- and cell-mediated immunity. A litany of studies have conclusively documented that blockade of this ligand-receptor pair can prevent, and also interve...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Quezada SA,Jarvinen LZ,Lind EF,Noelle RJ

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T helper lymphocytes can be divided into two distinct subsets of effector cells based on their functional capabilities and the profile of cytokines they produce. The Th1 subset of CD4+ T cells secretes cytokines usually associated with inflammation, such as IFN-gamma and TNF and induces cell-mediated immune responses....

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Constant SL,Bottomly K

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of intestinal intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) has been appreciated for over 100 years. However, until recently, the IEL were thought to be simply another specialized component of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), sharing the same origin as lymphocytes found in other GALT compartments such as t...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Poussier P,Julius M

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past five or six years has seen a resurgence of interest in immunological memory. Areas in which important advances have been made of late or in which problems in understanding persist are covered here: (i) Selection of virgin B cells for entry into the peripheral pool. (ii) Expression of immunoglobulin isotypes a...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Gray D

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over a decade has passed since the identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the causative agent of AIDS. During this time, HIV has been extensively characterized, and a variety of vaccine constructs and strategies have been explored. For the most part, these have been driven by successes of the past...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Cease KB,Berzofsky JA

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent years have witnessed an emergence of interest in understanding metabolic changes associated with immune responses, termed immunometabolism. As oxygen is central to all aerobic metabolism, hypoxia is now recognized to contribute fundamentally to inflammatory and immune responses. Studies from a number of groups ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Colgan SP,Furuta GT,Taylor CT

更新日期：2020-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein, SAP, was first identified as the protein affected in most cases of X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal responses to Epstein-Barr virus infection, lymphoproliferative syndromes, and dysgamm...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Cannons JL,Tangye SG,Schwartzberg PL

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B lymphopoiesis is regulated by multiple signals from stromal cell contact, soluble cytokines, antigen, and T helper cells. In vitro and biochemical experiments have implicated tyrosine kinases as key components of many of these signaling pathways. Genetic analysis of the role of these tyrosine kinases has been facili...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Satterthwaite A,Witte O

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is possible to create mice in which a planned alteration has been introduced at a specific locus in the genome. The planned alteration is first introduced into the genome of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in tissue culture. This is accomplished by homologous recombination between the targeted genomic locus and DNA...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Koller BH,Smithies O

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rejection of transplanted tissue allografts results from T-cell recognition of histocompatibility antigens expressed by cells of the donor graft. This review focuses on the phenotype, specificity, and function of the T cells mediating rejection responses against skin allografts, and on the immune mechanisms by which h...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Rosenberg AS,Singer A

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A reciprocal regulation exists between the central nervous and immune systems through which the CNS signals the immune system via hormonal and neuronal pathways and the immune system signals the CNS through cytokines. The primary hormonal pathway by which the CNS regulates the immune system is the hypothalamic-pituita...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Webster JI,Tonelli L,Sternberg EM

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MHC class I molecules are peptide receptors of stringent specificity which however still allow millions of different ligands. This is achieved by the following specificity characteristics summarized as allele specific peptide motifs: Peptides are of defined length, depending on the class I allele (either 8 or 9 residu...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Rammensee HG,Falk K,Rötzschke O

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a potent immunomodulatory four-alpha-helical-bundle type I cytokine, is produced by NKT and CD4(+) T cells and has pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. These actions include positive effects such as enhanced proliferation of lymphoid cells, increased cytotoxicity of...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Spolski R,Leonard WJ

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of cytokine mRNA and protein in rheumatoid arthritis tissue revealed that many proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6, GM-CSF, and chemokines such as IL-8 are abundant in all patients regardless of therapy. This is compensated to some degree by the increased production of anti-inflammatory cy...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Feldmann M,Brennan FM,Maini RN

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene-chips contain thousands of nucleotide sequences that allow simultaneous analysis of the complex mixture of RNAs transcribed in cells. Like these gene-chips, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules display a large array of peptides on the cell surface for probing by the CD8(+) T cell repertoire. T...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Shastri N,Schwab S,Serwold T

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00