Abstract:
:Considerable attention has been given to the relationship between levels of fine particulate matter (particulate matter < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter; PM(2.5) in the atmosphere and health effects in human populations. Since the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency began widespread monitoring of PM(2.5) levels in 1999, the epidemiologic community has performed numerous observational studies modeling mortality and morbidity responses to PM(2.5) levels using Poisson generalized additive models (GAMs). Although these models are useful for relating ambient PM(2.5) levels to mortality, they cannot directly measure the strength of the effect of exposure to PM(2.5) on mortality. In order to assess this effect, we propose a three-stage Bayesian hierarchical model as an alternative to the classical Poisson GAM. Fitting our model to data collected in seven North Carolina counties from 1999 through 2001, we found that an increase in PM(2.5) exposure is linked to increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in the same day and next 2 days. Specifically, a 10- microg/m3 increase in average PM(2.5) exposure is associated with a 2.5% increase in the relative risk of current-day cardiovascular mortality, a 4.0% increase in the relative risk of cardiovascular mortality the next day, and an 11.4% increase in the relative risk of cardiovascular mortality 2 days later. Because of the small sample size of our study, only the third effect was found to have > 95% posterior probability of being > 0. In addition, we compared the results obtained from our model to those obtained by applying frequentist (or classical, repeated sampling-based) and Bayesian versions of the classical Poisson GAM to our study population.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Holloman CH,Bortnick SM,Morara M,Strauss WJ,Calder CAdoi
10.1289/ehp.6980subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-09-01 00:00:00pages
1282-8issue
13eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
112pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Forty percent of hazardous waste sites in the United States are co-contaminated with organic and metal pollutants. Data from both aerobic and anaerobic systems demonstrate that biodegradation of the organic component can be reduced by metal toxicity. Metal bioavailability, determined primarily by medium composition/so...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.5840
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7510117
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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doi:10.1289/ehp.866997
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更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7483
更新日期:1974-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1289/ehp.11350
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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doi:10.1289/ehp.761855
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1289/ehp.877441
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.7651
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00