The problem of defining heart failure.

Abstract:

:A succession of theories arising from last century has attempted to explain why patients with damaged hearts develop peripheral edema. Opposed to the original simple concepts of backward failure, a number of theories of forward failure have been proposed, the cardiac output being considered inadequate for capillary permeability, renal function, or the metabolic needs of the body. Any theory needs to take account of the neuroendocrine stimulation now known to occur under these conditions. This article presents evidence for the belief that the condition arises when the cardiac output becomes insufficient to maintain the arterial blood pressure without the support of excessive neuroendocrine activity. This explains why the edematous state may be evoked in patients who have a severe reduction in peripheral resistance as well as in those with a reduced cardiac output. While the clinical concept of cardiac failure arose from the consideration of the formation of edema in patients with cardiac disease, the term has also come to be used by laboratory investigators studying the immediate effects of reducing the strength of ventricular contraction. The application of the same name to two different conditions has led to confusion, and this review stresses the importance of definition of terms.

journal_name

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther

authors

Harris P

doi

10.1007/BF00877921

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1994-06-01 00:00:00

pages

447-52

issue

3

eissn

0920-3206

issn

1573-7241

journal_volume

8

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • The Associations of Diuretics and Laxatives Use with Cardiovascular Mortality. An Individual Patient-Data Meta-analysis of Two Large Cohort Studies.

    abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the associations of diuretics overall, non-potassium-sparing diuretics in specific, and laxative use with cardiovascular mortality (CVM) in subjects with antihypertensive treatment. METHODS:Analyses included 4253 participants, aged 50 to 75 years, from the German ESTHER cohort and 105,359 partic...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10557-019-06894-w

    authors: Hoppe LK,Muhlack DC,Koenig W,Brenner H,Schöttker B

    更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00

  • Navigating the Future of Cardiovascular Drug Development-Leveraging Novel Approaches to Drive Innovation and Drug Discovery: Summary of Findings from the Novel Cardiovascular Therapeutics Conference.

    abstract:PURPOSE:The need for novel approaches to cardiovascular drug development served as the impetus to convene an open meeting of experts from the pharmaceutical industry and academia to assess the challenges and develop solutions for drug discovery in cardiovascular disease. METHODS:The Novel Cardiovascular Therapeutics S...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1007/s10557-017-6739-9

    authors: Povsic TJ,Scott R,Mahaffey KW,Blaustein R,Edelberg JM,Lefkowitz MP,Solomon SD,Fox JC,Healy KE,Khakoo AY,Losordo DW,Malik FI,Monia BP,Montgomery RL,Riesmeyer J,Schwartz GG,Zelenkofske SL,Wu JC,Wasserman SM,Roe MT

    更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00

  • When is discontinuation of antihypertensive therapy indicated?

    abstract::Major advances have been established in the handling of hypertensive vascular disease in recent years. However, drug compliance, drug costs, and the side effects of antihypertensive agents have prompted the question of whether intermittent therapy or even possible removal of medication represents an alternative to lif...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1007/BF02026496

    authors: Schmieder RE,Rockstroh JK

    更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00

  • Vasoconstriction induced by ouabain in the canine coronary artery: contribution of adrenergic and nonadrenergic responses.

    abstract::Ouabain, when applied to rings of the left circumflex coronary artery of the dog (which contains both alpha 1-adrenoceptors leading to contraction and beta 1-adrenoceptors leading to relaxation) caused an initial contraction which peaked within 15 minutes and a later secondary increase in tension which peaked within 6...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/BF00051242

    authors: Cooke JP,Shepherd JT,Vanhoutte PM

    更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of encainide, ODE, MODE, and flecainide on ADP/5-HT induced platelet aggregation and in the anesthetized dog coronary artery stenosis-occlusion model of intravascular thrombosis.

    abstract::Encainide is a class 1C antiarrhythmic agent that is indicated for the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias, such as sustained ventricular tachycardia. Furthermore, encainide possesses a moderate degree of antiserotonin activity, which was quantitated in this present study by determining displacement of [3H]spipe...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/BF03029752

    authors: Fleming JS,Buchanan JO,Yocca FD,Iben LG,Antonaccio MJ

    更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of the effectiveness of dihydroquinidine and quinidine on ventricular ectopy after acute and chronic administration.

    abstract::The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and antiarrhythmic activity of dihydroquinidine and quinidine in 14 patients (11 men, 3 women, aged 28 to 67 years) with heart disease and chronic, stable, high-frequency premature ventricular beats (PVB) (greater than 100/hr). A randomized, double-blind, cross...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1007/BF00054209

    authors: Chimienti M,Regazzi MB,La Rovere MT,Salerno JA,Previtali M,Montericcio V,Rondanelli R,Montemartini C

    更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00

  • Quinapril hydrochloride effects on renal function in patients with renal dysfunction and hypertension: a drug-withdrawal study.

    abstract::Patients with mild to moderate hypertension (diastolic blood pressure > or = 95 and < or = 115 mmHg) and renal dysfunction entered one of two studies to assess the safety of efficacious daily doses of quinapril on renal function and blood pressure. Twenty-four patients with moderate renal impairment (MRI) (creatinine ...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1007/BF00877336

    authors: Miller MA,Texter M,Gmerek A,Robbins J,Shurzinske L,Canter D

    更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00

  • The economic efficiency of amlodipine in the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis--an analysis based on the PREVENT study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:High health service expenditure on the one hand, and the politically declared objective of stability of statutory contributions and restriction of public funds on the other hand, have been central points of the political and social discussion for several years. The over-proportional increase in health servic...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1023/a:1015323700206

    authors: Cathomas G,Erne P,Schwenkglenks M,Szucs TD

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • Hemodynamic and antiischemic effects of intravenous elgodipine, a new dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, in patients with chronic stable angina.

    abstract::Elgodipine is a new second-generation dihydropyridine calcium antagonist. Its hemodynamic and antiischemic properties were evaluated in a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 22 males with chronic stable angina. Coronary artery disease was angiographically confirmed. Measurements were performed with a Swan-Ganz t...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/BF00878092

    authors: Kuhn A,Carlsson J,Miketic S,Tebbe U

    更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00

  • Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor treatment of chronic myocardial infarction.

    abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration on cardiac function of rats with chronic myocardial infarction through two different protocols: high dose short term and low dose long term protocols. METHODS:Wistar rats were submitted to MI sur...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10557-010-6215-2

    authors: Louzada RA,Oliveira PF,Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JP,Cunha-Carvalho L,Baldanza MR,Kasai-Brunswick TH,Goldenberg RC,Campos-de-Carvalho AC,Werneck-de-Castro JP

    更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00

  • Inhibition of platelet activation by clopidogrel prevents hypertension-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Platelets are essential for primary hemostasis; however, platelet activation also plays an important proinflammatory role. Inflammation promotes the development of cardiac fibrosis and heart failure induced by hypertension. In this study, we aimed to determine whether inhibiting platelet activation using clopid...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10557-013-6471-z

    authors: Jia LX,Qi GM,Liu O,Li TT,Yang M,Cui W,Zhang WM,Qi YF,Du J

    更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00

  • Similar antiischemic effects of intracoronary atenolol and nifedipine during brief coronary occlusions in humans.

    abstract::To compare the antiischemic effects of intracoronary administration of a beta blocker, atenolol, and of a calcium antagonist, nifedipine, on the clinical and electrocardiographic signs of myocardial ischemia induced by balloon occlusion of the coronary artery, we studied 32 consecutive patients undergoing routine PTCA...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/BF00051147

    authors: Ghio S,De Servi S,Angoli L,Bramucci E,Eleuteri E,Raffaghello S,Specchia G

    更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00

  • Incremental "Therapeutic" Myocardial Exposure to Catecholamines: Incidence and Impact in Takotsubo Syndrome.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Although Takotsubo syndrome (TS) was once considered to be rare and largely benign, it is now recognized to represent a major cause of cardiac morbidity and mortality, especially in ageing women. The biochemical precipitant of attacks of TS is an increase in catecholamine concentrations within the myocardium...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10557-019-06918-5

    authors: Ong GJ,Nguyen TH,Stansborough J,Surikow SY,Horowitz JD

    更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00

  • Antiischemic effects of nicorandil during coronary angioplasty in humans.

    abstract::The present study was undertaken on 10 patients with angina undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The angioplasty procedure consisted of two successive 30-second balloon inflations at 5 minute intervals. After the first inflation, nicorandil (0.1 mg/kg) was given intravenously over a 2-minute peri...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/BF00878473

    authors: Saito S,Mizumura T,Takayama T,Honye J,Fukui T,Kamata T,Moriuchi M,Hibiya K,Tamura Y,Ozawa Y

    更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00

  • Association of Regulatory Genetic Variants for Protein Kinase Cα with Mortality and Drug Efficacy in Patients with Heart Failure.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Protein kinase C alpha (gene: PRKCA) is a key regulator of cardiac contractility. Two genetic variants have recently been discovered to regulate PRKCA expression in failing human heart tissue (rs9909004 [T → C] and rs9303504 [C → G]). The association of those variants with clinical outcomes in patients with hea...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10557-019-06909-6

    authors: Luzum JA,Ting C,Peterson EL,Gui H,Shugg T,Williams LK,Li L,Sadee W,Wang D,Lanfear DE

    更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00

  • Identifying the Dominant Contribution of Human Cytochrome P450 2J2 to the Metabolism of Rivaroxaban, an Oral Anticoagulant.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Rivaroxaban, an oral anticoagulant, undergoes the metabolism mediated by human cytochrome P450 (CYP). The present study is to quantitatively analyze and compare the contributions of multiple CYPs in the metabolism of rivaroxaban to provide new information for medication safety. METHODS:The metabolic stability ...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10557-020-07129-z

    authors: Zhao T,Chen Y,Wang D,Wang L,Dong P,Zhao S,Wang C,Meng Q,Sun H,Liu K,Wu J

    更新日期:2021-01-07 00:00:00

  • Mechanisms of nitrate tolerance: a review.

    abstract::With the increased use of long-acting nitroglycerin preparations, there has been greater recognition of the problem of nitrate tolerance. In recent years extensive research has broadened our understanding of the mechanisms of nitroglycerin action and the mechanisms of drug attenuation. This paper reviews the current s...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1007/BF01857640

    authors: Katz RJ

    更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00

  • Influence of antihypertensive therapy with cilazapril and hydrochlorothiazide on the stiffness of the aorta.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor cilazapril on the elastic properties of the aorta. A standard diuretic antihypertensive drug, hydrochlorothiazide, served for comparisons. Increased aortic stiffness leads to a reduction of the buffering windkesse...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1007/BF00051130

    authors: Breithaupt-Grögler K,Leschinger M,Belz GG,Butzer R,Erb K,de May C,Sinn W

    更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of captopril with enalapril in the treatment of heart failure: influence on hemodynamics and measures of renal function.

    abstract::Twenty-nine patients with severe heart failure (NYHA III) were randomly assigned to receive therapy with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor), either captopril or enalapril. The mean daily dosage of captopril was 56 +/- 5 mg and of enalapril 9.5 +/- 0.4 mg. After a mean of 8 +/- 1 days, the influ...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1007/BF00054567

    authors: Osterziel KJ,Dietz R,Harder K,Kübler W

    更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00

  • Acute and subacute effects of nicorandil and isosorbide dinitrate on vessel wall properties of large arteries and hemodynamics in healthy volunteers.

    abstract::Nicorandil (N) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) are vasodilator drugs used in patients with angina. In 24 healthy male volunteers (18-32 years), the acute effect of a single oral dose (20 mg) of N and ISDN on arterial diameter (D), distensibility, and compliance of the elastic common carotid artery (CCA) and the muscul...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1007/BF00878678

    authors: Kool MJ,Spek JJ,Struyker Boudier HA,Hoeks AP,Reneman RS,van Herwaarden RH,Van Bortel LM

    更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacological Agents Targeting Myocardial Metabolism for the Management of Chronic Stable Angina : an Update.

    abstract::Despite continuous advances in myocardial revascularization procedures and intracoronary devices, patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) still experience worse prognosis and poor quality of life (QoL). Indeed, chronic stable angina (CSA) is a common disease with a large burden on healthcare costs. Traditionally, C...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1007/s10557-016-6677-y

    authors: Guarini G,Huqi A,Morrone D,Marzilli M

    更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00

  • Calcium channel blockers reduce blood pressure in part by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle carbonic anhydrase I.

    abstract::Calcium channel blockers are a group of drugs used for the treatment of hypertension. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) I detected in vascular smooth muscle and in other cells in the organism has a major role in the acid-base balance and in vascular processes. Our previous work has proven that verapamil inhibits CA activity by ...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1023/a:1007893207279

    authors: Puscas L,Gilau L,Coltau M,Pasca R,Domuta G,Baican M,Hecht A

    更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00

  • The protective effects of cromakalim and pinacidil on reperfusion function and infarct size in isolated perfused rat hearts and anesthetized dogs.

    abstract::The direct myocardial protective effects of intracoronary infusions of cromakalim and pinacidil were determined in an anesthetized canine model of coronary occlusion and reperfusion. The left circumflex coronary artery was occluded for 90 minutes and reperfused for 5 hours, at which time the infarct size was determine...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/BF01857755

    authors: Grover GJ,Dzwonczyk S,Parham CS,Sleph PG

    更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00

  • Calcium channel antagonists, Part I: Fundamental properties: mechanisms, classification, sites of action.

    abstract::Ca2+ channel antagonists are agents that interact with the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel in a highly specific way. The prototype agents of cardiovascular importance are verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem, in historical order of appearance. These agents all have different molecular structures and bind separately wit...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1007/BF02209083

    authors: Opie LH

    更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00

  • Time course of myocardial necrosis.

    abstract::The time course of myocardial ischemia was studied in canine myocardium by electron microscopy. Ischemia of the myocardium produces ultrastructural alterations of mitochondria, nuclei, contractile apparatus, and the SR- and T-tubular system that are accompanied by loss of glycogen and intracellular edema. These change...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1007/BF00054248

    authors: Schaper J,Schaper W

    更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00

  • Mechanism of cardioprotective effect of orotic acid.

    abstract::The pyrimidine base, orotic acid (OA), markedly improves the function of recently infarcted hearts subjected to global ischemia. The mechanism of cardiac action of OA is unclear, but it has been proposed that OA acts by correcting a relative deficiency of nucleotide precursors required for RNA synthesis in the stresse...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1023/a:1007700716866

    authors: Rosenfeldt FL,Richards SM,Lin Z,Pepe S,Conyers RA

    更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00

  • Porcine heparin increases postoperative bleeding in cardiopulmonary bypass patients.

    abstract::One hundred thirteen patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly assigned to receive either bovine or porcine heparin. Heparin was infused at 4.5 mg/kg during bypass and administered at the lesser of 70 units/kg or 5000 units/dose at 12-hour intervals postoperatively. Platelet counts decreased to 45% of p...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1007/BF01857644

    authors: Iverson LI,Duhaylongsod FG,Young JN,Ecker RR,Ennix CL Jr,Moretti RL,Farrar M,Hayes R,Lee J,May IA

    更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00

  • Benefit-Risk Profile of DAPT Continuation Beyond 1 Year after PCI in Patients with High Thrombotic Risk Features as Endorsed by 2018 ESC/EACTS Myocardial Revascularization Guideline.

    abstract:PURPOSE:The ischemic/bleeding trade-off of continuing dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) beyond 1 year after PCI for patients with high thrombotic risk (HTR) as endorsed by 2018 ESC/EACTS myocardial revascularization guidelines remain unknown. METHODS:Patients undergoing coronary stenting between January 2013 and Decemb...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10557-020-07030-9

    authors: Wang HY,Dou KF,Wang Y,Yin D,Xu B,Gao RL

    更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00

  • Amiodarone concentration in human myocardium after rapid intravenous administration.

    abstract::Intravenous amiodarone has been found useful in the emergent management of life-threatening arrhythmias. Experimental studies have shown that its electrophysiologic effects are proportional to its myocardial concentration. However, early after its intravenous administration, the extent of the concentration of amiodaro...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1023/a:1007756411790

    authors: Anastasiou-Nana MI,Nanas JN,Alexopoulos G,Karli JN,Margari ZJ,Agapitos E,Patsi EN,Stamatelopoulos SF

    更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of the cardioselective, sarcolemmal K(ATP) channel blocker HMR 1098 on atrial electrical remodeling during pacing-induced atrial fibrillation in dogs.

    abstract:PURPOSE:The progressive shortening of the atrial effective refractory period (ERP) during atrial fibrillation (AF) might be due to the activation of the KATP channels by rapid atrial rates. We tested the hypothesis that the cardioselective, sarcolemmal KATP channel blocker HMR 1098 would prevent atrial ERP shortening d...

    journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1023/B:CARD.0000025752.63337.b2

    authors: Vereckei A,Gögelein H,Wirth KJ,Zipes DP

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00