Abstract:
:Women lose bone during lactation, and this is an important mechanism to provide calcium for human milk. Bone loss during lactation occurs even in women with high calcium intakes. Lactation-induced bone loss is transient because bone density increases rapidly after weaning. Bone loss during lactation and recovery after weaning are related to ovarian function and the length of postpartum amenorrhea. The recovery of bone after weaning can occur with shortly spaced pregnancies. Women who have breastfed several infants do not have reduced bone density after menopause. Overall, the transient bone loss during lactation does not seem to increase a woman's risk of osteoporotic fracture in her elder years. Further research is needed on special subgroups of women, such as adolescents, women who are vitamin D deficient or have extremely low calcium intakes, and women who have simultaneously breastfed multiple infants to determine whether these women are able to regain sufficient bone mass after lactation to preserve their bone health.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Kalkwarf HJdoi
10.1007/978-1-4757-4242-8_10subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
101-14eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
554pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established clinical technique that measures diffusion-weighted signals, applied primarily in brain studies. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a technique that uses the diffusion-weighted signals to obtain information about tissue connectivity, which recently started to become es...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32622-7_12
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Taurine, an endogenous amino sulfonic acid, exhibits numerous neuropsychopharmacological activities. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that it is an effective anti-cataleptic and neuro-protective agent. Current investigations show that acute or chronic administration of psychotropic drug cocaine may increa...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6130-2_1
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::High concentrations of air pollutants are characteristic of the vicinity of urban busy roads. Numerous studies have shown that these concentrations are significantly higher in comparison with areas located in a certain distance from roads and especially those in rural areas. Inhabitants living in the proximity of road...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2014_13
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enlarged fat cells in obese adipose tissue diminish capacity to store fat and are resistant to the anti-lipolytic effect of insulin. Insulin resistance (IR)-associated S-nitrosylation of insulin-signaling proteins increases in obesity. In accordance with the inhibition of insulin-mediated anti-lipolytic action, plasma...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_8
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development and validation of scientific alternatives to animal testing is important not only from an ethical perspective (implementation of 3Rs), but also to improve safety assessment decision making with the use of mechanistic information of higher relevance to humans. To be effective in these efforts, it is how...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33826-2_14
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Dissemination and Exploitation Consensus Panel (DECP) is a panel of experts drawn from areas with relevant expertise who advise the Early Nutrition Programming Project (EARNEST) on how the results from the project can best be disseminated and exploited and their uses maximised. They meet annually and have discusse...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9173-5_23
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many secondary metabolites of interest for human health and nutrition are produced by plants when they are under attack of microbial pathogens or insects. Treatment with elicitors derived from phytopathogens can be an effective strategy to increase the yield of specific metabolites obtained from plant cell cultures. U...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7347-4_12
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of ambient noise south of Australia show higher levels at low frequencies in the deep water off the continental shelf compared with locations on the shelf. The difference arises because of differences in transmission loss. Marine animals would experience significantly different noise levels and directionality ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_83
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expression levels of five miRNAs (miR-19b, miR-21, miR-126, miR-141, miR-205) were measured in the plasma of healthy donors and prostate cancer patients. It was shown that miR-141 expression level efficiently discriminates early stage prostate cancer patients and correlates with the Gleason score. ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42044-8_2
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two major modalities of pharmacomechanical coupling, inositol 1,4,5, trisphosphate induced Ca2+ release and modulation of Ca(2+)-sensitivity, are reviewed. Recent studies show that although changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ play the major role in regulating smooth muscle contraction, agonists can also significantly affe...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2946-0_4
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endogenous RNA interference (RNAi) pathway regulates cellular differentiation and development using small noncoding hairpin RNAs, called microRNAs. This chapter will review the link between mammalian microRNAs and genes involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Some microRNAs act as oncog...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6554-5_14
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Workers in the zinc processing, for example, welding or hot-dip galvanizing, are exposed to aerosols consisting of particles and gases, including zinc oxide (ZnO), which can affect human health. In this study, we addressed the effects of short-term controlled exposure to nano-sized ZnO on the airway inflammatory marke...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2020_572
更新日期:2020-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is an ubiquitous and major mechanism for Ca(2+) influx in mammalian cells with important physiological relevance. Since the discovery of SOCE in 1986 both, the mechanism that communicates the amount of Ca(2+) accumulated in the intracellular Ca(2+) stores to the plasma membrane chann...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_15
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of imprinted genes on fetal growth and development have been firmly established. By and large, their roles conform to a conflict over provision of limited maternal resources to offspring, such that paternally expressed imprinted genes in offspring generally promote growth of the fetus, while maternally exp...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77576-0_4
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that in potato chip and French fry models, the formation of acrylamide can be reduced by controlling pH during processing steps, either by organic (acidulants) or inorganic acids. Use of phytate, a naturally occurring chelator, with or without Ca++ (or divalent ions), can reduce acrylamide forma...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/0-387-24980-X_26
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first identified Gadd45 gene, Gadd45a, encodes a ubiquitously expressed protein that is often induced by DNA damage and other stress signals associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. This protein and the other two members of this small gene family, Gadd45b and Gadd45g, have been implicated in a variety of the r...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8289-5_1
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress (OS) is common in inflammatory conditions and may be important in atopic dermatitis (AD) etiology. The aim of this project was to study the involvement of oxidation in FSL-1 (deacylated lipoprotein)-triggered signaling pathways leading to AD-typical cytokine expression in HaCaT keratinocytes. HaCaT ke...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2014_98
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many years it has been thought that apoptotic cells rapidly cleared by phagocytic cells do not trigger an immune response but rather have anti-inflammatory properties. However, accumulating experimental data indicate that certain anticancer therapies can induce an immunogenic form of apoptosis associated with the ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39406-0_6
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Official mortality statistics provide population-based data and serve to improve epidemiological knowledge of rare diseases (RDs), by helping with the description of the natural history of the disease. They are an important complement of registries and estimates of disease burden and costs. At the same time, they heig...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67144-4_28
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heparin-binding growth factors related to basic fibroblast growth factor are major determinants of the cellular clonal composition of adipose tissue. By providing and maintaining varying complements of preadipocytes in different fat depots, these factors contribute to the varying sizes and functions of different regio...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2910-1_20
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::While studies of simple acoustic features have provided excellent bases for models of spatial hearing, we are seeking, here, to create a new paradigm for examination of shared attention and scene analysis in natural environments, where the listener is confronted with semantic information from multiple sources. In this...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1590-9_58
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of small animal models for the study of infectious disease is critical for understanding disease progression and for developing prophylactic and therapeutic treatment options. For many diseases, Syrian golden hamsters have emerged as an ideal animal model due to their low cost, small size, ease of handling, an...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2016_135
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcal adherence to an either biotic or abiotic surface is the critical first event in the establishment of an infection with these serious pathogens. Especially Staphylococcus aureus harbours a variety of proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous adhesins that mediate attachment to a multitude of host factors, such...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0940-9_7
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::From the biochemical and developmental data in the literature, there appears to be some specific relationship of gangliosides to synapses. Whether the concentration of polysialo-gangliosides is located in the immediately pre-synaptic part of the neuronal plasma membrane is not known. There are many unanswered question...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4614-9_9
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A system for the extracorporeal treatment of end-stage liver failure patients has been developed and is now in clinical studies. This HepatAssist 2000 system consists of perfusing the plasma of the patient through a hollow-fiber bioreactor containing primary porcine hepatocytes. The goal of the system is to assist the...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4863-8_31
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a group of over 20 structurally-related proteins which include a Zn(++) ion binding site that is essential for their proteolytic activities. These enzymes play important role in extracellular matrix turnover in order to maintain a proper balance in its synthesis and degradat...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_17
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activation of the magnocellular oxytocin system by different physiological stimuli will require specific genomic responses that may or may not reflect the electrical and short-term secretory activity of the neurones. One of the main determinants of synthetic activity is the rate of transcription and this can be al...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Honokiol (C18H18O2) is a biphenolic natural product isolated from the bark and leaves of Magnolia plant spp. During the last decade or more, honokiol has been extensively studied for its beneficial effect against several diseases. Investigations have demonstrated that honokiol possesses anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflamm...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_11
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substrate/inhibitor specificities of nucleoside analogues with modified sugar moieties toward highly purified deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and thymidine kinases (TK1 and TK2) from human leukemic spleen have been examined. Substrate activities of cytosine nucleosides vs dCK were as follows: 2'-fluoro-dC > 2'-O-methyl-C >...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5381-6_120
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biobanks are one of the most important biomedical research resources and contribute to the development of biomarker detection, molecular diagnosis, translational medicine, and multidisciplinary disease research, as well as studies of interactions between genetic and environmental or lifestyle factors. Aiming for the w...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1503-8_10
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00