Abstract:
:The pharmacologic regulation of lipid metabolism in patients with dyslipidemia is unequivocally associated with significant reductions in risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A number of therapeutic drug classes have been developed in an effort to ever more precisely and intensively modulate lipid metabolism. Statins, fibrates, ezetimibe, and niacin exert their effects via different mechanisms and afford physicians the opportunity to beneficially impact multiple pathways in patients. When used alone or in combination, these drugs decrease risk for the development and progression of atherosclerotic disease. There are strong clinical trial data to support of the use of lipid-lowering therapies in the settings of both primary and secondary prevention. This article (1) discusses the mechanisms of action of antilipidemic medications, (2) reviews dosing regimens and the pharmacokinetic differences among drugs of the same class, (3) assesses risk for drug interactions, and (4) reviews the clinical trial evidence used to support the use of particular antilipidemic medications in specific physiologic settings. The incidence of dyslipidemia is rising worldwide. This trend portends an ever-growing need for the aggressive and judicious use of different antilipidemic medication(s) in patients at risk for all forms of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
journal_name
Prog Cardiovasc Disjournal_title
Progress in cardiovascular diseasesauthors
Davidson MH,Toth PPdoi
10.1016/j.pcad.2004.04.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-09-01 00:00:00pages
73-104issue
2eissn
0033-0620issn
1873-1740pii
S0033062004000167journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::It is being increasingly appreciated that a substantial number of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) have relatively preserved systolic function. Although these individuals appear to have a somewhat better prognosis than those with low ejection fractions, they experience significant symptoms and frequently r...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0033-0620(98)80053-4
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a strong evidence that more marked lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) leads to progressively lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The evidence on validity of this hypothesis comes from epidemiological, genetic and clinical studies. The hypothesis "the lower the better" has b...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.12.008
更新日期:2020-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::Infective endocarditis continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite recent advances in its management and remains a serious and challenging condition requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Surgery is essential in at least 50% of cases. Surgical outcomes have improved with the introducti...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2008.08.007
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stem cells are potential agents for the treatment of myocardial infarcts among other heart diseases. Over the past decade, the scientific community has extensively used a wide variety of cells and examined their capacity to both regenerate the infarcted myocardium and improve functionally the diseased hearts. Some of ...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2007.02.006
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent advent of an entirely subcutaneous implantable defibrillator (ICD) has provided a relevant contribution to the debate concerning the use of ICD therapy in patients at high risk for death. Although conventional transvenous ICDs have proven very effective during the past 23 years, they still appear to be limi...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2012.03.006
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cardiovascular disease (CVD) pandemic has placed considerable strain on healthcare systems, quality of life, and physical function, while remaining the leading cause of death globally. Decades of scientific investigations have fortified the protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), exercise training, ...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.11.005
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to advances in prevention, early detection and treatment, early breast cancer mortality has decreased by nearly 40% during the last four decades. Yet, the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is significantly elevated following a breast cancer diagnosis, and it is a leading cause of death in this populat...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.02.002
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The revolution in cardiac care over the past two decades, characterized by emergent revascularization, drug eluting stents, anti-platelet medications, and advanced imaging has had little impact on overall ACS recurrence, or ACS prevention. The "Perfect Storm" refers to a confluence of events and processes, including a...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.03.003
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physicians who supervise stress-imaging procedures, whether they be stress nuclear or stress echocardiography tests, are increasingly required to incorporate important principles in the interpretation of the test results. Important guiding principles, common to these tests, are reviewed in this article. The principles...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/pcad.2001.20501
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Echocardiography is a valuable technique for the diagnosis and serial follow-up of patients with impaired cardiac function. It is subject to certain limitations due to the assumptions inherent in deriving ventricular volume from a one-dimensional measurement and must be interpreted with caution in cases of suspected r...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0033-0620(78)90018-x
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute myocardial infarction is caused by coronary occlusion, and the mainstay of treatment has become reperfusion by either coronary angioplasty with possible stenting or surgical bypass grafting. Unfortunately, reperfusion can seldom be done soon enough to prevent infarction. Thus, the search for effective cardioprot...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2006.02.005
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction has been shown to be significantly related to ongoing myocardial ischemia, hibernation, and thus, coronary artery disease. Current treatments for patients with LV dysfunction and concomitant coronary artery disease center around the potential benefit of coronary revascularization, in ...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.01.003
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Echocardiography guidance for interventions in the catheterization laboratory allows for reduction in radiation exposure from fluoroscopy as well as superior anatomic definition and visualization. The additional information provided over fluoroscopy has translated into an increasing use during interventional procedure...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2014.05.009
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) impact on the association between exercise blood pressure (BP) and mortality risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We assessed CRF in 15,004 US Veterans (mean age 57.5 ± 11.2 years) who completed a standardized treadmill test between January 1, 1988 and July 28, 2017 and ha...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2021.01.003
更新日期:2021-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::Multimorbidity is the most common chronic health condition in adults and is associated with poor health outcomes. Optimal care for people with multimorbidity requires a person-centred approach that considers goals and preferences, improves quality of life and coordinates care across services. Because care is focused o...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.12.010
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To date there is no cure available for dementia, and the field calls for novel therapeutic targets. A rapidly growing body of literature suggests that regular endurance training and high cardiorespiratory fitness attenuate cognitive impairment and reduce dementia risk. Such benefits have recently been linked to system...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.02.003
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trastuzumab is the standard of care for the treatment of patients with ERB2-positive breast cancer. In a minority of patients, trastuzumab is associated with an increased incidence of cardiac dysfunction that ranges from asymptomatic decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction to symptomatic heart failure. In tria...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2010.07.001
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::People are at risk from noncommunicable diseases (NCD) and poor health habits, with interventions like medications and surgery carrying further risk of adverse effects. This paper addresses ways people are increasingly moving to healthy living medicine (HLM) to mitigate such health threats. HLM-seekers increasingly le...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2016.12.006
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Slow channel inhibiting agents, particularly verapamil, appear to produce beneficial effects in relieving symptoms of dyspnea, chest pain, and syncope or presyncope in over 70% of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Symptomatic relief occurs in patients with and without left ventricular outflow obstruction. Exe...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0033-0620(82)90016-0
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heparin has been the principal anticoagulant in the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) but has several limitations. Although glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have been major adjuncts in previous years, in the era of novel P2Y12 receptor inhibitors they may have a greater role in bailout. Low mole...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2015.08.007
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current methodology permits one to define the functional basis of the preexcitation syndromes with reasonable certainty and to develop a rationale for instituting trials of medical therapy. Future studies will hopefully result in a more exact definition of the anatomic substrates of preexcitation and their relationshi...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0033-0620(78)90015-4
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The decrease in ovarian function culminating in the last menstrual period, the menopause, in women in their forties and fifties takes place over a period of 3 to 5 years. There are several immediate clinical consequences of the menopause that are easy to detect and treat, usually with hormone replacement. In contrast,...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0033-0620(95)80010-7
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first step in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected syncope begins with an "initial evaluation" consisting of careful history taking, physical examination including orthostatic blood pressure measurement and electrocardiogram. However, even in expert centers the diagnostic yield of this "initial eva...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2012.11.002
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The benefits of physical activity in cardiovascular diseases have long been appreciated. However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger and sustain the cardiac benefits of exercise are poorly understood, and it is anticipated that unveiling these mechanisms will identify novel therapeutic targets. In search of these m...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.03.002
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between thyroid disease states and cardiovascular hemodynamics is well recognized. Although the long-term effects of thyroid hormone are thought to result from changes in myocardial gene expression, attention has recently focused on acute, non-nuclear-mediated actions of L-triidothyronine (T3), the bi...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0033-0620(96)80017-x
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Positron-emitting myocardial flow radiotracers such as (15)O-water, (13)N-ammonia and (82)Rubidium in conjunction with positron-emission-tomography (PET) are increasingly applied in clinical routine for coronary artery disease (CAD) detection, yielding high diagnostic accuracy, while providing valuable information on ...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2015.01.001
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbubbles are an excellent intravascular tracer, and both the rate of myocardial opacification (analogous to coronary microvascular perfusion) and contrast intensity (analogous to myocardial blood volume) provide unique insights into myocardial perfusion. A strong evidence base has been accumulated to show comparab...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2015.03.005
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nearly 800,000 strokes occur in the United States each year, and stroke is the leading cause of preventable permanent disability. Timely recognition and treatment are imperative to reduce stroke-related morbidity and mortality. Given the evidence supporting intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy for isch...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2017.04.004
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Telecardiology holds great promise for Africa, from tele-echocardiography and tele-ECG s, to home monitoring and text messaging for medication adherence monitoring. The burden of disease is great and there is an extreme shortage of health professionals. Telemedicine can provide access to scarce specialist care, improv...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.10.006
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcatheter therapy with the MitraClip system (Abbott Structural, Menlo Park, CA) is the most commonly used transcatheter therapy for patients with tricuspid regurgitation, with over 1000 cases performed worldwide. The procedure is an off-label approach that requires meticulous attention to anatomical features obtai...
journal_title:Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.10.001
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00