Abstract：
:The occurrence of multiple proteoglycan species is a characteristic of the brain. The structural features of individually characterized proteoglycans in the brain are first introduced in brief, then some examples are shown that suggest a relationship between multiple proteoglycans and the many distinct cell types and neural circuits in the brain. Typical experiments demonstrated the neuronal-activity-dependent expression of neural proteoglycans during the critical developmental period of some functional systems such as the visual and vibrissal barrel systems. In addition, the binding properties of neural proteoglycans to other cell surface molecules are discussed in conjunction with their involvement in cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions. This review also covers other potential functions of proteoglycans not only in the development and maintenance of the brain but also in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Proteoglycans are really coming of age in neuroscience.
journal_name
Neurosci Resjournal_title
Neuroscience researchauthors
Oohira A,Katoh-Semba R,Watanabe E,Matsui Fdoi
10.1016/0168-0102(94)90088-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-09-01 00:00:00pages
195-207issue
3eissn
0168-0102issn
1872-8111pii
0168-0102(94)90088-4journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:L-glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and has also been implicated as a potent neurotoxin. To ensure a high signal-to-noise ratio during synaptic transmission and to prevent neuronal damage that might occur as a result of excessive activation of glutamate recept...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0168-0102(00)00104-8
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We suggest a time-varying partial correlation as a statistical measure of dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in the human brain. Traditional statistical models often assume specific distributions on the measured data such as the Gaussian distribution, which prohibits their application to neuroimaging data analysis....
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2020.06.006
更新日期：2020-07-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Subcortical vascular dementia (SVD) is a small vessel disease with dementia that exhibits relatively uniform clinical and pathological features and constitutes approximately half of vascular dementia (VaD) cases. This subtype is further classified into Binswanger's disease and multiple lacunar infarctions. The former ...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1820
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Opiates have been used extensively in the treatment of pain but with the severe side effect of addiction, which is believed to be related to opiates' direct (primary) or indirect (secondary) neurotoxicity. In this study, the effects of opioids on cell growth and apoptosis have been examined in human neuroblastoma cell...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0168-0102(97)00080-1
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study we measured cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes evoked by administration of bradykinin and capsaicin into the hindlimb vasculature of anaesthetised rats, whilst simultaneously recording activity of sensory afferents on the adventitial surface of femoral arteries and veins. Bradykinin (0.9 nmol...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2004.07.006
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiments were performed to study the projection of the group y of the vestibular nuclei and the dentate and fastigial nuclei of the cerebellum to the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) in cats by using retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and electrophysiological methods; and to study the ve...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0168-0102(86)90021-0
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypnosis often leads people to obey a suggestion of movement and to lose perceived voluntariness. This inexplicable phenomenon suggests that the state of the motor system may be altered by hypnosis; however, objective evidence for this is still lacking. Thus, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary mo...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2014.05.009
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of 5-HT3-receptor-related agents on long-term potentiation (LTP) in the mossy fiber-CA3 system were studied in guinea pig hippocampal slices. 5-HT3 receptor agonists, 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide (mCPBG) and 2-methyl serotonin (2-Me-5-HT) significantly attenuated the magnitude of LTP of the population spik...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0168-0102(94)90163-5
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the last few decades, motor imagery has attracted the attention of researchers as a prototypical example of 'embodied cognition' and also as a basis for neuro-rehabilitation and brain-machine interfaces. The current definition of motor imagery is widely accepted, but it is important to note that various abilities...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2015.11.003
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In rat models of Parkinson's disease, injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into different areas of the basal ganglia result in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. The extent and time course of the dopaminergic lesions varies between the models. While the effects on neurons have been extensively...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2008.09.001
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neural and molecular mechanisms underlying food preference have been poorly understood. We previously showed that Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis), a well-known probiotic bacterium, extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) compared with a standard food, Escherichia coli (E. coli) OP50. In ...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2019.01.011
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excitatory synaptic connections between rat hippocampal neurons were established in tissue culture. The electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of these synapses were studied with the use of the tight-seal whole-cell recording technique. The excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) in a dissociated CA1 neuro...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0168-0102(91)90101-4
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Afferent neurons entering the central nervous systems of vertebrates and invertebrates receive presynaptic inhibition on their axon terminals. This usually involves an increase in membrane conductance (shunting) and depolarization (primary afferent depolarization, PAD). In arachnids and crustaceans the peripherally lo...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2006.03.002
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Expressions of Cry1 and Cry2 mRNA in the rat pineal gland were examined by Northern blot. The levels of Cry1 and Cry2 transcript had a marked circadian rhythm with peaks at circadian time (CT) 20 in constant darkness. But the amplitude of the Cry1 rhythm was higher than that of the Cry2 rhythm. Furthermore, a signific...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0168-0102(01)00255-3
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using median nerve injury and immunocytochemical methods, we examined the temporal changes in neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in the cuneate nucleus (CN) in rats following median nerve transection. Under normal circumstances, neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive (NPY-IR) fibers was not detectable in the CN. A few NPY-IR fibe...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2003.12.003
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acupuncture of the sacral vertebrae has therapeutic effects in patients with overactive bladders. The mechanism of these effects, however, remains unclear. The present study, using urethane-anesthetized rats, investigated the effects of acupuncture stimulation of the sacral vertebrae on bladder activity and bladder ac...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2011.09.007
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrastriatal hemorrhage in rats causes neurodegenaration of the substantia nigra (SN) followed by the appearance of ED1(+) cells (macrophage/microglia). ED1(+) cells were observed for at least 8 weeks after hemorrhage. Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was shown in ED1(+) cells with the e...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0168-0102(03)00065-8
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have been advocating cognitive developmental robotics to obtain new insight into the development of human cognitive functions by utilizing synthetic and constructive approaches. Among the different emotional functions, empathy is difficult to model, but essential for robots to be social agents in our society. In my...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2014.12.002
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients tend to have increased plasma levels of homocysteine. However, it is unclear whether abnormality in homocysteine levels is a primary cause of Alzheimer's disease or a disease marker. In order to investigate the relative impact of Alzheimer's disease on plasma homocysteine levels, tota...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2005.09.001
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous pharmacological experiments provide conflicting findings that describe both facilitatory and inhibitory effects of neuronal histamine on learning and memory. Here, we examined learning and memory and synaptic plasticity in mice with a null mutation of gene coding histamine H1 or H2 receptor in order to clarif...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2006.10.020
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We excised the dorsal part of the optic vesicle of chick embryos at stages 13-14 (embryonic day 2). The remainder of the optic vesicle reoganized and developed a small eye. This study was undertaken to determine how locus specificity is kept within the reorganized retina. The projection pattern from the reorganized ey...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0168-0102(92)90022-5
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously found that ginsenoside Rd (GSRd), one of the main active ingredients in Panax Ginseng, attenuates H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative injury in PC12 cells. Mounting evidence suggests that the oxidative stress is crucially involved in the pathophysiologic process of ischemia. In the present study, we examined the ...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2009.03.016
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The critical flicker-fusion frequency (CFF), defined as the frequency at which a flickering light is indistinguishable from a continuous light, is a useful measure of visual temporal resolution. The mouse CFF has been studied by electrophysiological approaches such as recordings of the electroretinogram (ERG) and the ...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2018.12.001
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth hormone (GH) is a pleiotropic hormone that exerts important functions in the control of brain development as well as in the regulation neuronal differentiation and function, together with several behavioral and psychological effects that have been linked to its modulatory actions on brain neurotransmitters. In ...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2013.03.014
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Projection fields in the striatum and claustrum from eye movement-evoking cerebral cortices (EMECs) in the cat were investigated using the WGA-HRP tracing method under electrophysiological guidance to place WGA-HRP in the appropriate sites. The EMECs in the frontal cortex, which are located in the medial wall under th...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0168-0102(90)90033-b
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurological disorder caused by selective dopaminergic neuronal loss. Quercetin (QC) in combination with piperine (bioenhancer) acts as potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective against 6-OHDA rat model of PD. Rats were injected 6-OHDA (8μg/2μl, saline) u...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2017.10.006
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Steroid hormones substantially influence brain development, reproduction sexual differentiation and emotion. These effects are mediated by steroid hormone receptors and cofactors, which directly regulate gene expression. Deciphering how and where these transcriptional activators occur in a cell provides the groundwork...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0168-0102(01)00253-x
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the role of GABA on prefrontal neuronal activity in the control of behavior, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist, bicuculline methiodite (BMI), was iontophoretically applied to prefrontal neurons while monkeys performed a visual reaction time task. Iontophoretic application of BMI uncovered "task-related" activit...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0168-0102(00)00204-2
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purposes of the present study were to determine which upper airway movements cause a difference in the expiratory airflow pathway between sneezing and coughing, and to develop a new animal model for studying the neural mechanism of sneezing in paralyzed animals, i.e. fictive sneezing. We compared the upper airway ...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0168-0102(98)00075-3
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to investigate whether increased concentrations of lactic acid and potassium chloride (KCl) in contralateral muscles can influence the sensitivity of primary and secondary muscle spindle afferents (MSAs) from ipsilateral extensor and flexor muscles. The experiments were performed on 7 ...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0168-0102(94)00864-c
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
