Abstract：
:The total number of leucocytes, T lymphocyte subsets, mitogen induced proliferation of lymphocytes, Il-2 generation, adherence capacity and chemiluminescence of granulocytes were measured and a leukergy test performed in fifteen young cyclists. The investigations were carried out at rest at the beginning of a training season and after six months of intensive training and a racing season, cycling approximately 500 km a week. Baseline values of the tested immune parameters were within the range observed in 16 non-trained healthy controls except significantly increased non stimulated neutrophil chemiluminescence. The second cyclo-ergometer test in August showed a marked improvement in the performance capacity of the cyclists. Significant decrease in absolute numbers of CD3+ and CD4+ cells, diminished IL-2 generation and fMLP and PMA stimulated chemiluminescence of neutrophils were noted. Surprisingly, a marked increase in lymphocyte proliferation induced by PHA and anti-CD3 MoAb and normalisation in non stimulated neutrophil chemiluminescence were also observed at rest after the training season. We conclude that long-lasting intensive training may result in significant alterations in lymphocyte number and composition and in neutrophil oxidative burst capacity, but their actual significance for immunity is seen controversially.
journal_name
Int J Sports Medjournal_title
International journal of sports medicineauthors
Baj Z,Kantorski J,Majewska E,Zeman K,Pokoca L,Fornalczyk E,Tchórzewski H,Sulowska Z,Lewicki Rdoi
10.1055/s-2007-1021067subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-08-01 00:00:00pages
319-24issue
6eissn
0172-4622issn
1439-3964journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This prospective experimental study aimed to compare effects of 3 different home-based postoperative respiratory muscle training protocols - inspiratory, expiratory and combined, in the patients' postoperative recovery, regarding safety and respiratory muscle function, pulmonary function, physical fitness, physical ac...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-1096-0913
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertension is not uncommon in childhood and adolescence; vascular and renal causes predominate. Non-pharmacologic therapy, including exercise, may lower blood pressure (BP). There are several articles relating to the use of exercise as a therapy for high BP. Most of these show a beneficial effect. The "dose" of exer...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1055/s-2000-8497
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The determination of anaerobic capacity (AC) using treadmill ergometry is problematic from a methodological, as well as a technical standpoint. In this study, a procedure from Monod and Scherrer was modified to examine whether realistic magnitudes of AC could be determined using three subject groups with different lev...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2004-821228
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated neuromuscular adaptations of the knee extensors after 8 weeks of plyometric training. 23 subjects were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group. We measured isometric maximum voluntary torque (iMVT), rate of torque development (RTD) and impulse (IMP) over different time in...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0033-1343401
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Caffeine has many diverse physiological effects including central nervous system stimulation. Ventilatory threshold and a recently described heart rate variability threshold both have a relationship with autonomic control that could be altered by caffeine consumption. The purpose of this investigation was to...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0032-1301904
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main purpose of the present study was to compare the reference metabolic equivalent (MET) value and observed resting oxygen uptake (VO2) for defining cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and characterizing the energy cost of treadmill running. A heterogeneous cohort of 114 healthy men volunteered to participate. In ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0043-115739
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine whether a player's physical impairment or activity profile was related to the amount of thermal strain experienced during wheelchair rugby match play. 17 elite wheelchair rugby players played a competitive match, whilst activity profiles, measures of core and skin temperature...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0042-121263
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The magnitude and pattern of the hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and plasma volume (PV) responses during and upon recovery from two resistance training protocols based on either a ten-repetition maximum (10 RM) or five-repetition maximum (5 RM) resistance was examined. Twelve college-aged male resistance exercise t...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-965108
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The acute effect of weightlifting on beta-endorphin and estradiol was studied in experienced female recreational weightlifters. Five eumenorrheic females completed two months of testing, each with a different sequence of testing conditions (SEQ1 and SEQ2). In SEQ1, a week of weight maintenance diet and prescribed exer...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1021313
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prevalence of Achilles tendinopathy increases with age leading to a weaker tendon with predisposition to rupture. Conclusive evidence of the influence of age and pathology on Achilles tendon (AT) properties remains limited, as previous studies are based on standardized isometric conditions. The study investigates the ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0042-108198
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The accumulated O2 deficit (the difference between the estimated energy demand and the actual O2 uptake) was determined during intense exhaustive exercise (2-7 min) in elite athletes, and its relationship with muscle buffer capacity, muscle enzymes and muscle morphology was examined. Five oarsmen, fifteen soccer playe...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1021165
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To study the relationship between the onset of an increase in dyspnea and ventilatory threshold (VT) in children with congenital heart impairment, sixteen young subjects underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test with dyspnea perception and ventilatory gas exchange assessments. Dyspnea score was measured from a visual ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2006-924396
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T-lymphocytes were determined by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes in the peripheral blood obtained from 30 healthy aged subjects who were practicing Taichiquan (88 style) exercise and 30 age-matched normal aged who served as a control group. At rest the total number of T-lymphocytes and the number of active T...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using different mathematical models to describe the relationship between treadmill running speed and time to exhaustion. All models generated a value for an aerobic parameter (critical speed; S (critical)). 35 university students performed 5-7 constant-speed 0%-s...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0031-1275298
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Volleyball players commonly complain of pain in the hypothenar area. Fatigue fracture of the pisiform bone is suggested as a cause of this sport incapacity. The diagnostic importance of oblique and axial X-ray views of the Wrist is demonstrated. Early treatment by immobilization for 6 weeks usually results in complete...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1026064
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested the hypothesis that time course of O (2) uptake (VO (2)) measured during a supramaximal exercise performed in the field is driven to maximal oxygen uptake (VO (2max)). On an outdoor track, five middle-distance male runners first performed a test to determine VO (2max) and a supramaximal 800-m running test at...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2004-820998
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise induced pain in the posterior part of the leg is common among runners; the underlying reason for these complaints may be very different. The purpose of the present, controlled study was therefore 1. to confirm a clinically diagnosed deep posterior compartment syndrome by using intramuscular pressure measureme...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972650
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was: i) to compute an energy balance of a slalom kayak competition by measuring the percentage contributions of the aerobic and anaerobic energy sources to total metabolic power (E(tot)); and ii) to compare these data with those obtained, on the same subjects, over a flat-water course covered at ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2005-865922
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined injury and physical fitness outcomes in Basic Combat Training (BCT) during implementation of Physical Readiness Training (PRT). PRT is the U.S. Army's emerging physical fitness training program. An experimental group (EG, n = 1284), which implemented the PRT program, was compared to a control group...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2003-40710
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term, high-intensity sprint training on the root mean squared (RMS) and median frequency (MF) derived from surface electromyography (EMG), as well as peak power, mean power, total work, and plasma lactate levels in trained cyclists when performed concur...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-2004-819945
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) has gained rapid popularity as a post-exercise recovery modality. Despite its widespread use and anecdotal claims for enhancing muscle recovery there is no scientific evidence to support its use. 10 healthy, active males performed a strenuous bout of eccentric exercise (3 sets ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0033-1337944
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the reproducibility of time at or above 90 % (t (90 % )VO (2max)) and 95 % (t (95 % )VO (2max)) maximal oxygen uptake during an intermittent treadmill run to exhaustion. Twenty-two distance runners (age 38.0 +/- 7.1 yrs) performed two identical incremental and two identical i...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2006-923856
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) were performed by five male subjects as repeated knee extensions separated by 13-s rest periods for the purposes of studying performance capability, physiologic responses, and recruitment patterns among fast-twitch (FT) and slow-twitch (ST) extrafusal muscle fibers for this type of...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1034593
更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the influence of acute resistive exercise and "hormone status" on cytokine profile, 35 postmenopausal women (72 +/- 6.2 yr) underwent a moderate-high-intensity resistive exercise bout or rested. There were 4 groups: no hormone replacement (NHR, n = 9), hormone replacement (HRT, n = 12), selective estrogen r...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-965115
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a vibration training protocol and a conventional strength training program consisting of similar exercises on knee extensors and flexors strength and postural sway in middle-aged women. 38 women were randomly assigned into a Vibration Group (n=12, static and ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0030-1249618
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compared breathing frequency (fB) during a ventilation threshold (VT) test with fB during a simulated 40 km time trial (40TT) to assess whether fB can be used to monitor exercise intensity. Twenty-six male cyclists (mean +/- SD VO2max = 4.42 +/- 0274 l.min-1) performed an incremental VT ergometer test and a...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-973001
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine if stepping cadence when controlling for total steps has a differential impact on regional vascular function. 16 young adults (21±2 years) performed fast (125 steps per min) and slow (80 steps per min) walking for a total of 3 000 steps on separate days. Doppler ultrasound was us...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0035-1554696
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rugby union is a sport involving high force and frequency impacts making the likelihood of injury a significant risk. The aim of this study was to measure and report the individual and group acute and cumulative physiological stress response during 3 professional rugby games through non-invasive sampling. 24 professio...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0034-1398528
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to compare acute mechanical and metabolic effects of 2 sessions of resistance training equated by volume and total resting time but with different set configuration: sets to failure (FS) vs. distribution of rest between each repetition (NFS). 10 male judoists completed a session consistin...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0031-1299699
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was undertaken to assess whether ventilatory anaerobic threshold (T vent) reflected endurance capacity (EC) in sports medical control. Fifteen subjects performed two cycle ergometer tests. The first was a maximal exercise test, which consisted of increasing the load 20 W/min until exhaustion. During this te...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1025654
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
