Abstract:
:Resistance exercise is fundamentally anabolic and as such stimulates the process of skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in an absolute sense and relative to skeletal muscle protein breakdown (MPB). However, the net effect of resistance exercise is to shift net protein balance (NPB = MPS - MPB) to a more positive value; however, in the absence of feeding NPB remains negative. Feeding stimulates MPS to an extent where NPB becomes positive, for a transient time. When combined, resistance exercise and feeding synergistically interact to result in NPB being greater than with feeding alone. This feeding- and exercise-induced stimulation of NPB is what, albeit slowly, results in muscle hypertrophy. With this rudimentary knowledge we are now at the point where we can manipulate variables within the system to see what impact these interventions have on the processes of MPS, MPB, and NPB and ultimately and perhaps most importantly, muscle hypertrophy and strength. We used established models of skeletal muscle amino acid turnover to examine how protein source (milk versus soy) acutely affects the processes of MPS and MPB after resistance exercise. Our findings revealed that even when balanced quantities of total protein and energy are consumed that milk proteins are more effective in stimulating amino acid uptake and net protein deposition in skeletal muscle after resistance exercise than are hydrolyzed soy proteins. Importantly, the finding of increased amino acid uptake would be independent of the differences in amino acid composition of the two proteins. We propose that the improved net protein deposition with milk protein consumption is also not due to differences in amino acid composition, but is due to a different pattern of amino acid delivery associated with milk versus hydrolyzed soy proteins. If our acute findings are accurate then we hypothesized that chronically the greater net protein deposition associated with milk protein consumption post-resistance exercise would eventually lead to greater net protein accretion (i.e., muscle fiber hypertrophy), over a longer time period. In young men completing 12 weeks of resistance training (5d/wk) we observed a tendency (P = 0.11) for greater gains in whole body lean mass and whole as greater muscle fiber hypertrophy with consumption of milk. While strength gains were not different between the soy and milk-supplemented groups we would argue that the true significance of a greater increase in lean mass that we observed with milk consumption may be more important in groups of persons with lower initial lean mass and strength such as the elderly.
journal_name
J Am Coll Nutrjournal_title
Journal of the American College of Nutritionauthors
Phillips SM,Hartman JW,Wilkinson SBdoi
10.1080/07315724.2005.10719454subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-04-01 00:00:00pages
134S-139Sissue
2eissn
0731-5724issn
1541-1087pii
24/2/134Sjournal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Zinc is an essential trace element required for RNA and DNA synthesis and the function of over 200 zinc metalloenzymes. After surgery or trauma, the serum zinc concentration usually decreases. The magnitude and duration of this hypozincemia after thermal injury are unclear, as are mechanisms for this hypozincemia. In ...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07315724.1988.10720222
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormalities of the vascular endothelium contribute to all stages of atherosclerosis from lesion development to clinical cardiovascular disease events. Recognized risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cigarette smoking, and sedentary lifestyle are associated with endothelial dysfuncti...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719625
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Vegetarians may be at risk of certain nutrient deficiencies, particularly vitamin B-12. Vitamin B-12 deficiency may increase plasma homocysteine concentration and thus may potentially increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in vegetarians. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare plasma homocys...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2010.10719811
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cost-effectiveness of calcium supplementation depends not only on the cost of the product but on the efficiency of its absorption. Published cost-benefit analyses assume equal bioavailability for all calcium sources. Some published studies have suggested that there are differences in both the bioavailability...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/07315724.2001.10719038
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Many publications indicate the beneficial effect of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) in the control of coronary heart disease and diabetes, although the mechanism is not clear. Some of our previous results suggest that, in contrast to other lipids, n-6 PUFAs could have a permissive effect on carbo...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720202
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary protein intake on energy restriction (ER)-induced changes in body mass and body composition. Clinical markers of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases were also measured. DESIGN:54 postmenopausal women, age 58 +/- 2 y, body mass index 29.6 +/...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719600
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Historically diet and arthritis have been cause/effect associated but the idea is controversial with little evidence that specific diet components are effective treatment. This controlled, double-blinded, crossover study reports the effect of folate and cobalamin supplements in 26 humans diagnosed for an aver...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718421
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In adults, adaptation to changes in magnesium intake is largely due to changes in fractional magnesium absorption and urinary magnesium excretion. We sought to examine whether these homeostatic mechanism also occurred in young children. METHODS:Children, 12-48 m old were studied (n=30). They were adapted to...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2008.10719711
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary guidelines have broad implications for the health of individuals and populations. Increasingly, government agencies and medical organization that issue guidelines have pursued evidence-based approaches. These approaches emphasize a comprehensive, critical, and explicit examination of the scientific evidence th...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07315724.2006.10719578
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that 8-week eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation improves peripheral muscle performance by concentric contractions (CONs) of elbow flexors in humans. METHODS:Sixteen healthy men were randomly administered with EPA and DHA ...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/07315724.2018.1470042
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: This study investigated the effects of leucine supplementation with resistance training (RT) in untrained peri- and postmenopausal women on fat free mass, strength, and select anabolic-related hormones.Method: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in which 36 untrained women were ra...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2019.1650675
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE AND METHODS:We reviewed records of 41 children with treated phenylketonuria (PKU) in order to evaluate hematopoiesis and the effect of iron and protein sufficiency. RESULTS:Six children (15%) were found to have anemia. Combined depletion of iron and protein stores was most likely to result in anemia, and two...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2001.10719016
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In Sprague-Dawley rats (SD), we compared two categories of natural dietary supplements that influence carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism via different basic mechanisms to ameliorate insulin resistance (IR) and elevated blood pressure (BP) associated with heavy sugar/starch consumption. Two dietary supplements (bea...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2013.770335
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Calcium absorption is generally considered to be impaired under conditions of vitamin D deficiency, but the vitamin D status that fully normalizes absorption is not known for humans. OBJECTIVE:To quantify calcium absorption at two levels of vitamin D repletion, using pharmacokinetic methods and commercially...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/07315724.2003.10719287
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Mediterranean diet on weight loss in a large population in a municipality setting.Methods: A 6-month nutritional intervention was implemented in 50 randomly selected municipalities in Greece. In each municipality, approximately 180 overweight or obese pat...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2019.1660928
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to determine whether free-living individuals diagnosed with diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease or hypertension follow standard dietary recommendations for treatment of these diet-modifiable disorders. METHODS:Data are from 1,782 adult men and women who completed an...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2002.10719241
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutrient intakes of people with mood disorders. METHOD:A cross-sectional survey using 3-day food records was carried out in 97 adults with bipolar or major depressive disorder to compare nutrient intakes with Dietary Reference Intakes and British Columbia Nutr...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2011.10720001
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is an increased requirement for nutrients in normal pregnancy, not only due to increased demand, but also increased loss. There is also an increased insulin-resistant state during pregnancy mediated by the placental anti-insulin hormones estrogen, progesterone, human somatomammotropin; the pituitary hormone prol...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07315724.1996.10718560
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Health Focus National Study of Public Attitudes and Actions Toward Healthy Foods is conducted every two years to identify current issues in consumer health and nutrition behavior and attitudes, to assess the trends in consumer priorities and to develop an understanding of where consumers are headed in the...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2000.10718973
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) estimate habitual dietary intake and require evaluation in populations of interest in order to determine accuracy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine agreement between circulating biomarkers and FFQ estimated dietary intake in a military population consuming ...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2018.1490215
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diets containing beans have been associated with a lower risk of obesity and overweight in several dietary surveys. These results suggest a benefit might be derived from beans and other pulses, possibly due to improved satiety or satiation and therefore lowering energy intake. Such a hypothesis has not been ...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/07315724.2009.10719786
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The effects of a new resistant dextrin ingested at breakfast on day-long metabolic parameters and ghrelin profile at subsequent lunch were investigated. METHODS:In this randomized, single-blinded, crossover study, 12 healthy men ingested a standardized breakfast with 50 g of NUTRIOSE 10, a resistant dextrin...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/07315724.2011.10719945
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Foods that enhance satiety can help consumers to resist environmental cues to eat and help adherence to calorie restriction. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of 2 oat-based breakfast cereals on appetite, satiety, and food intake. METHODS:Forty-eight healthy individuals, 18 years of age ...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/07315724.2015.1032442
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This 2-year follow-up study was conducted to enhance our understanding of changes and rates of disturbed eating attitudes/behaviors, weight satisfaction, and prevalence of obesity in elementary school students between the ages of 10 and 12 years. METHODS:Questionnaires consisted of the following sections: (A...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2011.10719951
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inverse relationship between intake of dairy products and blood pressure levels was first suggested by several epidemiologic surveys in the early 1980's that revealed low calcium intake in populations with increased prevalence of hypertension. Subsequent laboratory and clinical investigations provided further evid...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07315724.2000.10718085
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become a prominent liver disease in contemporary society because of the changing dieting styles. Complicated syndromes often accompanied by obesity and diabetes makes no standard treatment for NASH. Therefore, we investigated the potential role of Antrodia cinnamomea ...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2020.1779850
更新日期:2020-07-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Pelvic radiotherapy induces acute small bowel injury but its effects on nutritional status are unknown. The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate nutritional, functional and morphologic intestinal changes, after radiotherapy. METHODS:Fifteen patients were studied before and after pelvic irrad...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2001.10719161
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The pathophysiological condition and potential drug interactions may influence nutritional status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine, separately in male and female schizophrenic subjects, the influence of neuroleptic treatment on different indices of nutritional status. DESIGN:The survey was ...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718394
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate, provided extensive tables of data on total water intake, water intake from beverages and water intake from foods; however, very little information was provided about the specific details of these analyses. Reported total water...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719663
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis remains a major health problem in all developed countries and is a condition in which several dietary factors have been implicated. OBJECTIVE:To assess the nutritional status and levels of adiposity of postmenopausal women in relation to bone mineral density. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study in ...
journal_title:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07315724.2013.866528
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00