Abstract：
:There are many reasons for wishing to determine the rate of uptake of a drug from blood into brain parenchyma. However, when faced with doing so for the first time, choosing a method can be a formidable task. There are at least 7 methods from which to choose: indicator dilution, brain uptake index, microdialysis, external registration, PET scanning, in situ perfusion, and compartmental modeling. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. Some methods require very little equipment while others require equipment that can cost millions of dollars. Some methods require very little technical experience whereas others require complex surgical manipulation. The mathematics alone for the various methods range from simple algebra to complex integral calculus and differential equations. Like most things in science, as the complexity of the technique increases, so does the quantity of information it provides. This review is meant to serve as a starting point for the researcher who wishes to study transport and uptake across the blood-brain barrier in animal models. An overview of the mathematical theory, as well as an introduction to the techniques, is presented.
journal_name
J Neurosci Methodsjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience methodsauthors
Bonate PLdoi
10.1016/0165-0270(94)00081-qsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-15issue
1eissn
0165-0270issn
1872-678Xpii
016502709400081Qjournal_volume
56pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A method is described which allows simultaneous recording of the activity of several neurons in the visual cortex of awake unrestrained kittens for a period sufficiently long to follow experience-dependent changes in receptive field properties. The electrodes consisted of 25 microns thick Teflon-coated platinum-iridiu...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(88)90131-8
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A double pipette system for local, controlled drug infusion is presented. Two concentric pipettes can be manipulated separately and pressurized independently by a designated double holder. The inner pipette is loaded with the desirable solution (drug), and functions as a source, while the outer one is a sink. This giv...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(03)00099-2
更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A mathematical model is presented by which the regeneration rate and initial delay for peripheral nerve regeneration can be calculated from sensory pinch test data following surgical repair of peripheral nerves. The model is based on the assumption that experimental variations in regeneration distances between animals...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(05)80004-4
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new neuroanatomical method based on the anterograde transport of biocytin has recently been reported. The validity of this method is examined closely on a number of well established pathways in the central nervous system, as well as the experimental parameters necessary for its effective use. iontophoretic applicati...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(91)90041-w
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-chromosome-linked disorder that arises from a mutation in the gene for the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin, normally expressed in the myofibres. The most widely applied animal model in DMD basic research is the C57BL/10ScSn-mdx/J mouse, commonly referred to as the "mdx mouse"....
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.10.001
更新日期：2012-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The misallocation of treatment-variance on the wrong component has been discussed in the context of temporal principal component analysis of event-related potentials. There is, until now, no rotation-method that can perfectly recover Wood and McCarthy's prototypes without making use of additional information...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.11.011
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Experimental investigation of sleep-wake dynamics in animals is an important part of pharmaceutical development. Typically, it involves recording of electroencephalogram, electromyogram, locomotor activity, and electrooculogram. Visual identification, or scoring, of the sleep-wake states from these recording...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108668
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe here an experimental approach designed to aid in the identification of complex brain circuits within the rat corpus striatum. Our aim was to characterize in a single section (i) striatal thalamic afferents, (ii) striatopallidal projection neurons and (iii) striatal local circuit interneurons. To this end, ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(01)00440-x
更新日期：2001-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:It is often helpful to display analogue signals such as electromyograms, electroencephalograms, nerve action potentials, etc., in a regular vertical array. A special case of this display is the widely-used dot raster. This paper describes a simple circuit which enables up to 31 analogue signals to be thus displayed on...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(86)90009-9
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gamma band synchronization has drawn increasing interest with respect to its potential role in neuronal encoding strategy and behavior in awake, behaving animals. However, contamination of these recordings by power line noise can confound the analysis and interpretation of cortical local field potential (LFP). Existin...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.10.029
更新日期：2011-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A method is described for the isolation of neurons from defined regions of the mammalian central nervous system, by a combination of mechanical and enzymatic means. The procedure liberates neurons free of cellular debris and glial investments, allowing the formation of giga-ohm seals with patch clamp electrodes. The c...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(86)90040-3
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three-dimensional (3D) reaggregate tissue culture provides a means of quantitatively assessing neuronal cell survival under a variety of experimental conditions. A method is presented for estimation of, and comparison between, the total numbers of cells of a given neurochemical type within individual experimental flas...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(94)00110-3
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fluorescent dye Fluorogold has been recently introduced as a retrograde neuronal tracer that can be used in combination with immunohistochemistry. It has, however, lately been reported that immunohistochemical processes induced rapid photobleaching of Fluorogold. In the present study we prove that it is the water ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(89)90109-x
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By extending established technology, we have developed a relatively simple in situ preparation from juvenile rat that overcomes some technical restrictions present in vivo (e.g. need for anaesthesia, mechanical instability for intracellular recording and control over the extracellular milieu). The in situ preparation ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.01.011
更新日期：2006-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The mouse is an extremely valuable model for studying vagal development in relation to strain differences, genetic variation, gene manipulations or pharmacological manipulations. Therefore, a method using 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) was developed for labeling vagal innervat...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.03.001
更新日期：2007-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:A method for quantitative estimation of sensory neuron sensitivity to small sinusoidal stimuli in the presence of sizable background drift (in the stimulus or response) was developed. The performance of the method was tested by analyzing the responses of 17 muscle spindle primary (Ia) afferent neurons to concomitant s...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(94)90175-9
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current methods for in vivo retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) imaging involve either retrograde or intravitreal injection of chemical or biological tracers, which are invasive and may require repeated injection for serial long-term assessment. We have developed a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope technique (blue-ligh...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.10.018
更新日期：2008-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between pressure, ejection duration and volume ejected was experimentally determined in vitro for micropipettes with different external tip diameters. The relationship between ejection duration and ejected volume is linear in the steady state (i.e. with ejection durations of 1 s or longer) and at suff...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(84)90021-9
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We present our results in the International challenge for automated prediction of MCI from MRI data. We evaluate the performance of MRI-based neuromorphometrics features (nMF) in the classification of Healthy Controls (HC), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), converters MCI (cMCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) p...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.11.013
更新日期：2018-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to improve cell therapy techniques, we have characterized a multipotent neural precursor cell isolation technique from the subventricular zone of adult pig brain. The pig is a non-primate species that is immunologically closest to human. The proliferative zone of this neurogenic structure was first localized ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.06.008
更新日期：2009-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:According to a basic formulation of the quantal model, evoked synaptic currents are made up of a linear summation of uniquantal synaptic currents, which in turn are equivalent to the spontaneous miniature synaptic currents ('minis') that often persist when evoked neurotransmitter release is blocked. Here I describe a ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.09.018
更新日期：2003-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes a computer program, named ASAP (audio sequencing and presentation), that runs on IBM PC compatible hardware with a Microsoft Windows operating system and has been specially designed for facilitating auditory neuroimaging studies. The program's main characteristics are: (1) the ability to generate ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00249-1
更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) histochemical method of Sokoloff et al. ((1977) J. Neurochem., 28: 897-916) has been widely used to map metabolic activity in the brain, but lacks sufficient resolution to view individual neurons. Modifications of the original method have achieved cellular resolution with emulsion autoradiogra...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(96)00063-5
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we describe a method for intracellularly injecting mixtures of the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow and the permanent tracers HRP or biocytin into aldehyde-fixed slices of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in young postnatal cats. Lucifer Yellow was used for visual control in the injection procedure and the inc...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(92)90009-3
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuronal microcircuits are formed of a myriad of spatially and functionally specific cell classes. Despite the importance of the spatial component in the characterisation of neural circuits, it has not received the attention it deserves. While multi-electrodes are widely used in the study of microcircuits, the spatial...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.05.037
更新日期：2014-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A new technique, "serial block face scanning electron microscopy" (SBFSEM), allows for automatic sectioning and imaging of biological tissue with a scanning electron microscope. Image stacks generated with this technology have a resolution sufficient to distinguish different cellular compartments, including synaptic s...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.07.021
更新日期：2008-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Selective and simultaneous voltammetric analysis of catechols and indoles in vivo and in vitro has until now been feasible only by means of 'slow' scanning methods (scan speed in tens of seconds) such as differential pulse (DPV) and differential normal pulse voltammetry in conjunction with electrically and/or chemical...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(94)00043-g
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many types of mazes have been used in cognitive brain research and data obtained from those experiments, especially those from rodents' studies, support the idea that the hippocampus is related to spatial learning and memory. But the results from non-human primates researches regarding the role of the hippocampus in s...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.12.017
更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A rapid liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed for the measurement of dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in brain microdialysates. The assay has also been utilised for the simultaneous measurement of these neurotransmitters and cocaine in brain...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.03.021
更新日期：2004-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) can provide detailed images of human brain that reflect localized changes in cerebral blood flow and oxygenation induced by sensory, motor, or cognitive tasks. This review presents methods for gradient-recalled echo-planar functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI). Also ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(94)90191-0
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
