Hormonal aspects of fluid and sodium balance in the elderly.

abstract：:Physiologic regulation of bone cell function is achieved by the combined actions of some circulating hormones and several locally produced cytokines. Interactions among these agents are important, and the regulated generation of proteolytic activities is likely to play a major role in determining net effects on bone c...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Martin TJ,Ng KW,Suda T

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diuretics and beta-blockers have a strong tendency to affect serum lipids adversely, whereas the peripherally acting alpha-blocking agents consistently result in beneficial effects. Most of the other antihypertensive agents (calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and drugs that ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Donahoo WT,Kosmiski LA,Eckel RH

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last 2 decades, diabetes technology has emerged as a branch of diabetes management thanks to the advent of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and increased availability of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion systems, or insulin pumps. These tools have progressed from rudimentary instruments to sophisticat...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Kravarusic J,Aleppo G

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article addresses the role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The major causes of acquired insulin resistance including aging, pregnancy, lack of physical activity, and obesity are discussed briefly. The role of free fatty acids (FFAs) as a link between obesity and insulin resistance/ty...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Boden G

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skin manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus are common and, with close scrutiny, can occur in most, if not all, patients. Little information is available on what common pathophysiologic thread is responsible for the skin manifestation and diabetes. Although controlled studies are lacking, a recognition of th...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Sibbald RG,Landolt SJ,Toth D

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biologic actions of the peptides of the gastrointestinal tract indicate that they exert their effects by interacting with, in many instances, more than one receptor type and receptors on several tissues. Gut hormone profiles in pathophysiologic situations have not demonstrated a significant role for them in diseas...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Brown JC

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:External irradiation to the thyroid, even at low doses, induces subsequent development of thyroid nodules and carcinomas, with an estimated incidence of five per one million people per year if they have been exposed to 1 rad. Larger doses are associated with hypothyroidism. External irradiation also induces thyroid hy...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： DeGroot LJ

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocrinopathies are significant consequences of the treatment of childhood cancers. The risk of developing these adverse events is related to the underlying disease and its treatment with cytotoxic agents and radiation therapy. This article reviews hypothalamic-pituitary, thyroid, and gonadal dysfunction, as well as ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Cohen LE

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Approximately one half of young women who have 46,XX spontaneous premature ovarian failure have ovarian follicles remaining in the ovary. These follicles function intermittently and unpredictably, and pregnancies can occur in these women without intervention, even many years after the diagnosis. Clearly, the term "pre...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Nelson LM,Bakalov VK

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiovascular disease is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. In the last 2 decades, great strides have been made in reducing microvascular complications in patients with diabetes through improving glycemic control. Decreasing rates of cardiovascular events have proved to be more difficult than simply intensi...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Szuszkiewicz-Garcia MM,Davidson JA

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are several objectives to be achieved during the diagnostic evaluation of a male partner of an infertile partnership. The first is to identify whether or not there is a male factor present and, if so, whether this is attributable to an underlying medical illness. The second is to identify the cause of reduced ma...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Jarow JP

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of vaccines is arguably the most significant achievement in medicine to date. The practice of innoculation with the fluid from a sore to protect from a disease actually dates back to ancient China; however, with the introduction of Jenner's smallpox vaccine, and greater understanding of the immune syst...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Urbanek-Ruiz I,Ruiz PJ,Steinman L,Fathman CG

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The actions of the vitamin D hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) are mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that functions to control gene expression. After ligand activation, the VDR binds directly to specific sequences located near promoters and recruits a ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Pike JW,Meyer MB

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article summarizes the clinical features and molecular pathogenesis of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and focuses on the current use of molecular, biochemical, and imaging disease markers as a basis for selection of appropriate therapy. Clinicians treating patients who have MTC face the following challenges: (1) ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Ball DW

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Various clinical syndromes illustrate the essential role of insulin in modulating somatic growth both in utero and after birth. The effect of insulin on growth is a consequence of direct effects transduced via its homologous receptor and post-receptor signaling pathways and indirect effects on other modulators of grow...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Menon RK,Sperling MA

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article summarizes the main principles for the appropriate use of laboratory testing in the diagnosis and management of thyroid disorders, as well as controversies that have arisen in association with some of these biochemical tests. To place a test in perspective, its sensitivity and accuracy should be taken int...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Esfandiari NH,Papaleontiou M

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pheochromocytomas cause the most dramatic life-threatening crises in all of endocrinology. Pheochromocytoma is an explosive clinical syndrome that may be characterized by either severe hypertension associated with cerebral, cardiac, and renal complications or hypotension, or even shock and sudden death. Other emergenc...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Bravo EL,Gifford RW Jr

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All of the actions of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) can be explained on the basis of ANF's interaction with specific receptors on the plasma membrane of cells in target tissues. These receptors have been identified. Binding to these receptors by ANF is time dependent and specific and occurs with high affinity. Numer...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Jacobs JW,Vlasuk GP,Rosenblatt M

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with a growing number of immune abnormalities. At the time of clinical onset, most patients developing the disease as children or young adults have autoantibodies reactive with islet beta cells. Current autoantibody markers for IDDM are not sufficient to predict the di...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Lernmark A,Bärmeier H,Dube S,Hagopian W,Karlsen A,Wassmuth R

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Morbid obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Unfortunately, medical interventions have been largely ineffective in this growing population. Currently bariatric surgery is the most effective intervention in managing morbid obesity and its comorbidities. As more patients become eligible for and ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Stocker DJ

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adrenal disorders may manifest during pregnancy de novo, or before pregnancy undiagnosed or diagnosed and treated. Adrenal disorders may present as hormonal hypofunction or hyperfunction, or with mass effects or other nonendocrine effects. Pregnancy presents special problems in the evaluation of the hypothalamic-pitui...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Abdelmannan D,Aron DC

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two biproducts of the revolution in diagnostic imaging techniques are unintended discoveries, and uncertainty for the patient and the clinician. To address the uncertainty associated with adrenal incidentalomas, clinicians need to understand the definition, differential diagnosis, and options for assessment with respe...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Young WF Jr

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article describes the technical aspects and the clinical results of conventional radiotherapy and modern stereotactic radiotherapy for pituitary adenomas. Systematic review of the published literature provides a factual basis for the comparison and the selection of appropriate radiation technique in patients who ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Brada M,Jankowska P

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article we present factors that determine whether one can trust the results of studies that describe the properties of diagnostic tests. We review the ways in which the results of such studies could be presented to the readers and consider factors that determine the value of such reports in one's own clinical ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Jaeschke R,Guyatt GH,Montori VM

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive tumor. ACC may be associated with different syndromes of hormone excess, most frequently Cushing's syndrome with or without hypersecretion of androgens. Recent data suggest that cortisol excess is a negative prognostic factor in advanced and localized ACC. Surger...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Puglisi S,Perotti P,Pia A,Reimondo G,Terzolo M

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A series of investigations have emphasized the heterogeneous nature of the clinical condition known as PCOS and have delineated several factors that may contribute to the hyperandrogenemia and anovulation in this condition. Currently, it remains unclear whether intrinsic abnormalities of ovarian steroidogenesis, the e...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Marshall JC,Eagleson CA

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article discusses the evolution of therapy for type I diabetes and considers how physicians should be thinking about the disease in the late 1990s. The biases herein are that management strategy has evolved such that contemporary practice should routinely entail a system of "flexible intensive therapy" directed a...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Skyler JS

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a genetic variant that is associated with a high risk of developing diabetes during life. Enhanced aging of pancreatic beta-cells, a reduced capacity of these cells to synthesize large amounts of insulin,and a resetting of the ATP/ADP-regulated K-channel seem to be ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Maassen JA,Jahangir Tafrechi RS,Janssen GM,Raap AK,Lemkes HH,'t Hart LM

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diseases in other organs may impair the male reproductive system. Acute critical conditions such as severe trauma, surgery, myocardial infarction, burns, liver failure, intoxication, or starvation are associated with suppression of gonadotropin secretion and secondary hypogonadism. With chronic illnesses, a primary te...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Baker HW

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene causing MEN 1 has been localized to chromosome 11, band 11q13, by tumor deletion mapping studies and by family linkage studies. Molecular genetic markers flanking the MEN 1 gene have been defined, and they are of use in identifying disease gene carriers in a family. These individuals, who are at a high risk o...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Thakker RV

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00