Abstract:
:Insulin resistance in humans is not always accompanied by obesity, since severe insulin resistance also characterizes patients lacking subcutaneous fat such as those with HAART- (highly-active antiretroviral therapy)-associated lipodystrophy. Both obese and lipodystrophic patients, however, have an increase in the amount of fat hidden in the liver. Liver fat content can be accurately quantified non-invasively by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It is closely correlated with fasting insulin concentrations and direct measures of hepatic insulin sensitivity while the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue is not. An increase in liver fat content has been shown to predict type 2 diabetes, independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. This is easily explained by the fact that the liver, once fatty, overproduces most of the known cardiovascular risk factors such as very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen and coagulation factors. The causes of inter-individual variation in liver fat content, independent of obesity, are largely unknown but could involve differences in signals from adipose tissue such as in the amount of adiponectin produced and differences in fat intake. Adiponectin deficiency characterizes both lipodystrophic and obese insulin-resistant individuals, and serum levels correlate with liver fat content. Liver fat content can be decreased by weight loss and by a low as compared to a high fat diet. In addition, treatment of both lipodystrophic and type 2 diabetic patients with peroxisome proliferators activator receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, but not metformin, decreases liver fat and markedly increases adiponectin levels. The fatty liver may help to explain why some but not all obese individuals are insulin resistant and why even lean individuals may be insulin resistant, and thereby at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
journal_name
Ann Medjournal_title
Annals of medicineauthors
Yki-Järvinen Hdoi
10.1080/07853890510037383subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
347-56issue
5eissn
0785-3890issn
1365-2060pii
T167J8773WX2N057journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:AIM:To evaluate if pulse pressure (PP) is a risk predictor for atrial fibrillation (AF) in a longitudinal study of 60-year-old men and women from Stockholm (n = 4,232), free from AF at baseline, with primary end-point incident AF. METHODS:AF diagnoses were obtained from the national hospital discharge register. The es...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853890.2015.1100321
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health professionals provide care with some purpose in mind. It is reasonable to assume that they are therefore interested in observing and measuring health outcomes. In the recent past, it has become fashionable to describe health outcomes in terms of their impact on 'quality of life', a widely used term that is usua...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890109002085
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several studies have suggested that the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia during sleep may be more dangerous for cardiac arrhythmia than that in the day-time. METHODS:We performed a retrospective study between January 2006 and March 2012 to assess electrocardiograms during severe hypoglycemia in patients wi...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853890.2015.1017528
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and lethal form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. The disease, which occurs primarily in middle-aged and older adults, is thought to arise following an aberrant reparative response to alveolar epithelial cell injury characterized by secretion of excessive amou...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.982165
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Ambient air pollution is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the short-term association between air pollution and cardiovascular effects on healthy volunteers. METHODS:We searched databases to identify randomized trials with controlled human exposures to ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1080/07853890.2016.1252054
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of biochemical markers in maternal serum have been proposed for first trimester screening for Down's syndrome. The most promising four are pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), the free beta sub-unit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (free beta glycoprotein sub-unit), unconjugated oestriol (uE3...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899409147323
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the reliability hospital discharge register data in the assessment of acute myocardial infarction trends. In the FINMONICA study areas, trends in age standarized attack rates for the years 1983-90 were calculated independently from two sources: the nationwide Finnish hospital discharge register and the FI...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899509002467
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abdominal obesity in man is an integrated part of the Metabolic Syndrome, and is associated with a complex neuroendocrine disturbance. Its consequences for the metabolism of the periphery seems to be insulin resistance caused by a combination of a relative hypercortisolaemia and a relative deficiency of sex steroid ho...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899209166997
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoantibodies directed to intracellular antigens can be detected in many systemic rheumatic diseases. In this review, we discuss the clinical significance of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Slögren's syndrome, scleroderma and polymyositis/dermatomyositis, the immunogen...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899608999081
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The WHO Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) Project was initiated in the early 1980s with the main objective of assessing the extent to which trends in coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are related to changes in known risk factors, daily living habits...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899409147329
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Europe around 1970 there were only a few small and often poorly known epidemiological studies on risk factors and the incidence of coronary heart disease. In order to enhance the utilization of the information contained in them, the Medical Clinic in Heidelberg offered uniform data analysis to qualifying contributi...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853898909149931
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the circadian clock contributes to the pathogenesis of winter depression or seasonal affective disorder (SAD). We hypothesized that sequence variations in three genes, including Per2, Arntl, and Npas2, which form a functional unit at the core of the circadian clock, pr...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890701278795
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heart failure syndrome results from compensatory mechanisms that operate to restore - back to normal - the systemic perfusion pressure. Sympathetic overactivity plays a pivotal role in heart failure; norepinephrine contributes to maintenance of the systemic blood pressure and increasing preload. Cardiac norepinephrine...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890.2017.1282168
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Human Genome Project (HGP), as the primary sequencing of the human genome, lasted more than one decade to be completed using the traditional Sanger's method. At present, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology could provide the genome sequence data in hours. NGS has also decreased the expense of sequencing; th...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890.2017.1392595
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:There is limited information about the durability of glycaemic control when different oral glucose-lowering therapies (GLTs) are used as add-on treatments to metformin (MET) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE:To compare time to treatment failure between different classes of oral GLT...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853890.2016.1157263
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The calcium-sensing receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that has a key role in extracellular calcium homeostasis, regulating the secretion of parathyroid hormone and the reabsorption of urinary calcium appropriate to the prevailing calcaemic environment. Molecular abnormalities of the calcium-sensing receptor are...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leukotriene-forming enzymes are expressed within atherosclerotic lesions and locally produced leukotrienes exert pro-inflammatory actions within the vascular wall by means of cell surface receptors of the BLT and CysLT receptor subtypes. The migration and accumulation of inflammatory cells that follow leukotriene rece...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890600982737
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Prospective data on development of venous obstruction after electrode implantation are limited. We performed a prospective study on 150 patients undergoing first pacemaker implantation. METHODS:Venographies at base-line and 6 months postimplantation in all patients, 50 patients included into a long...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890802498961
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To evaluate dyslipidemia as predictor of myocardial infarction (MI) in subjects with or without chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS:In 142,394 middle-aged Swedes referred for laboratory evaluation, glomerular filtration rates (GFR) were estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. CK...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853890.2010.532153
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate an inverse relationship between the risk of colon cancer development and intake of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). All NSAIDs are known inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase, the enzyme responsible for converting arachidonic acid to prostagland...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899708999342
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new form of acute hepatic porphyria with double genetic defect--deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase and coproporphyrinogen oxidase--is described. Among 17 studied family members this double enzymatic deficiency was found in five individuals, deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase in four, and deficiency of copr...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899409147341
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The associations between candidate gene polymorphisms and coronary heart disease (CHD) are complex as a consequence of pleiotropy, variation with age, selection due to the high lethality of the disease, and interactions with other genes and with environmental factors. Identification of the gene variants that contribut...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899608999109
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The question why low-density lipoprotein (LDL) stranded in the subendothelium of arteries should acquire the proinflammatory properties that initiate and sustain atherogenesis has puzzled researchers for decades. The most popular concept contends that oxidative processes are crucial because oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) produ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.3109/07853899809002596
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropeptides and their receptors are produced and expressed by neuroendocrine tissues and function as neurotransmitters and/or mediators of well-defined hormonal activities in specific tissues and cells. However, neuropeptides and their receptors are also found in the immune system, and various neuropeptides are invo...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Troglitazone is a novel once-daily oral antidiabetic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients. Here, we report the overall dose response characteristics of troglitazone, with respect to effects on metabolic control, using a pharmacodynamic model. Data from week 12 from two previously reported double-blind, ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.3109/07853899808999405
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Netherlands there are about 9700 explicit requests for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide (EAS) each year, of which approximately 3600 are granted. Other countries have criticized the Dutch policy concerning EAS. It has been suggested that palliative care in the Netherlands is not adequate and that euthan...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899908998793
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human airways are protected from invading micro-organisms by the highly efficient innate immune system. Antimicrobial peptides that are produced by inflammatory cells and airway epithelial cells are key elements in this innate immune system. A major subgroup of the antimicrobial peptides is the family of defensins...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890252953482
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expresses genes that stimulate cells to divide in culture. This property, coupled with the close association of the virus with numerous malignancies, has prompted its designation as a human DNA tumour virus. Before human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8, alternatively KS virus) was discovered, EBV was uni...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899809005852
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemostasis is traditionally defined as a physiological response to blood vessel injury and bleeding, which entails a co-ordinated process involving the blood vessel, platelets, and blood clotting proteins (i.e. coagulation factors). Hemostasis can be divided into primary and secondary components. The former rapidly in...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890.2011.576698
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the approximately 7,000 cytogenetically abnormal childhood and adult B- and T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) published to date, numerous recurring chromosomal aberrations and abnormality patterns have been identified, and it has been clearly shown that the cytogenetic features often correlate closel...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890410018808
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00