Abstract:
:The paired immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (PIRs) represent a typical receptor pair of the Ig-like receptor family in which various combinations of ligand-receptor interaction provide a positive and negative regulation of immune cells, thus enabling those cells to respond properly to extrinsic stimuli. Activating PIR-A and inhibitory PIR-B are expressed in a wide range of cells in the murine immune system, such as B cells, mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, mostly in a pair-wise fashion. PIRs bind to MHC class I molecules expressed ubiquitously on hematopoietic as well as nonhematopoietic cells. The unbalanced binding of PIR-A and PIR-B to MHC class I molecules may lead to the perturbation of cell development, regulation, and function as observed in PIR-B-deficient mice. Thus, PIR-A and PIR-B are indispensable for the regulation of cellular signaling and important for homeostasis of the immune system.
journal_name
Adv Immunoljournal_title
Advances in immunologyauthors
Takai Tdoi
10.1016/S0065-2776(05)88005-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
161-92eissn
0065-2776issn
1557-8445pii
S0065-2776(05)88005-8journal_volume
88pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genomic region spanning about 4 Mb is the most gene dense and the polymorphic stretches in the human genome. A total of the 269 loci were identified, including 145 protein coding genes mostly important for immunity and 50 noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Biological function of these ncRNAs re...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2015.08.003
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Memory T cells are usually considered to be a feature of a successful immune response against a foreign antigen, and such cells can mediate potent immunity. However, in mice, alternative pathways have been described, through which naïve T cells can acquire the characteristics and functions of memory T cells without en...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2014.12.001
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immune cells and skin and mucosal epithelial cells recognize invasive microbes and other signs of danger to sound alarms that recruit responder cells and initiate an immediate "innate" immune response. An especially powerful alarm is triggered by cytosolic sensors of invasive infection that assemble into multimolecula...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2017.02.002
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite recent clinical advances in immunotherapy, a fraction of cancer patients fails to respond to these interventions. Evidence from preclinical mouse models as well as clinical samples has provided evidence that the extent of activated T cell infiltration within the tumor microenvironment is associated with clinic...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2015.12.003
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to promote an efficient humoral immune response, germinal center B cells modify both the antigen recognition and effector domains by programmed genetic alterations of their antibody genes. To do so, B cells use the enzyme activation-induced deaminase (AID), which transforms deoxycytidine into deoxyuridine at ...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2016.11.002
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The semaphorin family consists of soluble and membrane-bound proteins originally identified as axonal guidance cues functioning during neuronal development. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that semaphorins play diverse roles in organogenesis, vascular growth, and tumor progression. In addition, emerging evi...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(06)93003-X
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since their discovery by Steinman and Cohn in 1973, dendritic cells (DCs) have become increasingly recognized for their crucial role as regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. DCs are exquisitely adept at acquiring, processing, and presenting antigens to T cells. They also adjust the context (and hence the outcome...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-380995-7.00004-5
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The review covers the development of synthetic peptides as vaccine candidates for Plasmodium falciparum- and Plasmodium vivax-induced malaria from its beginning up to date and the concomitant progress of solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) that enables the production of long peptides in a routine fashion. The review ...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-396548-6.00005-6
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytoplasmic multiprotein complex, the assembly of which can be initiated in response to various exogenous or endogenous danger signals. Excessive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of human inflammatory diseases, suggesting that th...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2019.11.003
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mobilization of antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) from peripheral tissues to draining lymph nodes drives the initiation of adaptive immune responses. Recent advances have been made in understanding how and where DCs enter the lymphatic vasculature and what mechanisms control this process. In this chapter, w...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-417028-5.00002-8
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::γδ T cells constitute the third arm of a tripartite adaptive immune system in jawed vertebrates, besides αβ T cells and B cells. Like the other two lymphocyte-types, they express diverse antigen receptors, capable of specific ligand recognition. Functionally, γδ T cells represent a system of differentiated subsets, so...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2017.01.002
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent progress in the genetic characterization of many primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) allows for a better understanding of immune molecular and cellular mechanisms. The present chapter discusses associations between PIDs and autoimmune diseases (AIDs) in this new light. PIDs are classified according to the fre...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(07)95002-6
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review covers the use of Listeria monocytogenes and its virulence factors as cancer immunotherapeutics. We describe their development as vectors to carry protein tumor antigen and eukaryotic DNA plasmids to antigen-presenting cells and efforts to harness their tumor-homing properties. We also describe their use a...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-394590-7.00004-X
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discovery of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) paved a new path to unite two genetic alterations induced by antigen stimulation; class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM). AID is now established to cleave specific target DNA and to serve as engraver of these genetic alterations. AID of...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(06)94001-2
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient required for cell growth, differentiation, and survival, and its deficiency causes growth retardation, immunodeficiency, and other health problems. Therefore, Zn homeostasis must be tightly controlled in individual cells. Zn is known to be important in the immune system, although its...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(08)00003-5
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD4 T cells are major immune cell types that mediate effector responses appropriate for diverse incoming threats. These cells have been categorized into different subsets based on how they are induced, expression of specific master transcription factors, and the resulting effector cell phenotypes as defined by express...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2018.12.001
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We propose an "Avidity Model of Self-Nonself Discrimination" in which self-nonself discrimination is achieved by both central thymic selection and peripheral immune regulation. The conceptual framework that links these two events is the understanding that both in the thymus and in the periphery the survival or the fat...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(09)01202-4
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are a large, evolutionarily conserved group of intracellular proteins expressed in every cell type and tissue throughout the body including the immune system. Through their signature GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity on heterotrimeric G proteins and interacti...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2017.05.001
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural killer cells are lymphocytes that respond rapidly to intracellular pathogens or cancer/stressed cells by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines or chemokines and by killing target cells through direct cytolysis. NK cells are distinct from B and T lymphocytes in that they become activated through a series of broa...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2020.01.001
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular transformation and tumor development result from an accumulation of mutational and epigenetic changes that alter normal cell growth and survival pathways. For the last 100 years, there has been a vigorous debate as to whether the unmanipulated immune system can detect and eliminate such altered host derived c...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(06)90001-7
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anticytokine (AC) immune therapies derived from vaccine procedures aim at enhancing natural immune defense mechanisms ineffective to contain abnormally produced cytokines and counteract their pathogenic effects. Given their short half-life, cytokines, the production of which by effector immune cells (T and B lymphocyt...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-394299-9.00007-2
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on an evolutionary conserved repertoire Toll-like-receptors (TLRs) donate specificity to innate immune cells. Therefore, TLRs are considered as paradigmatic for "self" versus "non-self" discrimination. This view, however, needs to be modified since TLR's also appear to recognise "endogeneous", that is host-deriv...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(06)91004-9
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptive lymphocytes express a panel of immunoreceptors on the cell surface. Phospholipids are the major components of cell membranes, but they have functional roles beyond forming lipid bilayers. In particular, acidic phospholipids forming microdomains in the plasma membrane can ionically interact with proteins via p...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2019.08.007
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Memory is one of the key features of the adaptive immune system. Specific T and B lymphocytes are primed for a particular antigen and upon challenge with it will react faster than naive lymphocytes. They also memorize the expression of key effector molecules, in particular cytokines, which determine the type and scale...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0065-2776(02)80014-1
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research performed during the past 5 years has provided a considerable amount of evidence to support the contention that the initial interaction of LPS (lipid A) with cells is mediated by distinct plasma membrane proteins. Some of these interactions may be solely involved in removal and eventual degradation of LPS whe...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60502-7
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::T-cell activation is mediated not only by antigen stimulation through T-cell receptors but also by costimulatory signals through costimulatory molecules. Among several costimulatory molecules, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family member OX40 plays a key role in the survival and homeostasis of effector and m...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(10)05003-0
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adaptive immune system allows vertebrates to orchestrate highly specific responses to a virtually unlimited milieu of antigens. Effective adaptive immune responses depend on the capacity of T and B lymphocytes to generate diverse repertoires of antigen receptors through the recombination of variable (V), diversity...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2015.07.005
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past 20 years have seen a growing interest over the control of adaptive immune responses by the innate immune system. In particular, considerable attention has been paid to the mechanisms by which antigen-primed dendritic cells orchestrate the differentiation of T cells. Additional studies have elucidated the path...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-381300-8.00002-2
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system develops in a series of programmed developmental stages. Although recombination-activating gene (RAG) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) proteins are indispensable in the generation of immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors (TCRs), most CDR3 diversity is contributed by nontemplated addition of nucleo...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(04)86003-6
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::LAT (linker for activation of T cells) is an integral membrane adaptor protein that constitutes in T cells a major substrate of the ZAP-70 protein tyrosine kinase. LAT coordinates the assembly of a multiprotein signaling complex through phosphotyrosine-based motifs present within its intracytoplasmic segment. The resu...
journal_title:Advances in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(05)87001-4
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00