Sensitive and isotope selective (14NO/15NO) online detection of nitric oxide by faraday-laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

abstract：:Numerous aspects of the immune system operate on the basis of complex regulatory networks that are amenable to mathematical and computational modeling. Several modeling frameworks have recently been applied to simulating the immune system, including systems of ordinary differential equations, delay differential equati...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kim PS,Levy D,Lee PP

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) primarily reside in bone marrow, are defined by their ability to maintain blood homeostasis, and replenish themselves through self-renewal. Although HSC purification schemes vary from laboratory to laboratory, the resulting cell populations are similar, if not the same. This chapter wil...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lin KK,Goodell MA

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the function of histone deacetylases (HDACs) have primarily been associated with influencing transcription through chromatin remodeling, the capacity of these enzymes to interface with a diverse array of biologic processes by modulating a growing list of nonhistone substrates has gained recent attention. Rece...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kahali S,Sarcar B,Chinnaiyan P

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The remarkable success of cancer immunotherapies, especially the checkpoint blocking antibodies, in a subset of patients has reinvigorated the study of tumor-immune crosstalk and its role in heterogeneity of response. High-throughput sequencing and imaging technologies can help recapitulate various aspects of the tumo...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Bhinder B,Elemento O

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The method presented here is intended as a compromise between finding a good overall alignment and the time taken to do so. Many multiple alignment algorithms spend an excessively large amount of effort trying to find the best global alignment. This time is often ill spent because the results of the standard dynamic p...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Taylor WR

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation, an essential posttranslational modification catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, is required for the biological functions of proteins that control blood coagulation, vascular calcification, bone metabolism, and other important physiological processes. Concomitant with carboxylati...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Tie JK,Stafford DW

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer has become the leading cause of death in the developed world and has remained one of the most difficult diseases to treat. One of the difficulties in treating cancer is that conventional chemotherapies often have unacceptable toxicities toward normal cells at the doses required to kill tumor cells. Thus, the de...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Cantor JR,Panayiotou V,Agnello G,Georgiou G,Stone EM

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fragment-based drug discovery has emerged over the past 15 years as an effective lead discovery paradigm that is complementary to traditional high-throughput screening. The starting point for fragment-based drug discovery is the identification of low-molecular weight, typically low-affinity compounds that bind to a ta...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Desjarlais RL

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sedimentation velocity experiments measure the transport of molecules in solution under centrifugal force. Here, we describe a method for monitoring the sedimentation of very large biological molecular assemblies using the interference optical systems of the analytical ultracentrifuge. The mass, partial-specific volum...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Rogge RA,Hansen JC

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many methods have been developed for the cloning of PCR products. These methods include blunt-end cloning, TA cloning, and using restriction sites incorporated into the PCR primers. The restrictionless cloning technique allows efficient directional cloning of PCR products into any cloning site within a vector regardle...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Algire MA

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intramembrane-cleaving proteases (I-CLiPs) are a group of membrane-associated proteases with a unique feature: they are believed to cleave their substrate within the hydrophobic lipid bilayer, even though peptide bond hydrolysis requires a water molecule. Escherichia coli RseP, which belongs to the S2P zinc metallopro...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Hizukuri Y,Akiyama K,Akiyama Y

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unfolded protein response (UPR) is a major reaction to intrinsic stress of eukaryotic organisms and is also related to environmental stress reactions. Among yeasts, stress regulation has mainly been investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while other species with biotechnological or medical interest are less well un...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Dragosits M,Mattanovich D,Gasser B

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A central goal of biology is to understand how transcription factors target and regulate specific genes and networks to control cell fate and function. An equally important goal of synthetic biology, chemical biology, and personalized medicine is to devise molecules that can regulate genes and networks in a programmab...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Tietjen JR,Donato LJ,Bhimisaria D,Ansari AZ

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Respiration is widely used for evaluation of the metabolic capabilities or physiological state of the microbial culture. This chapter describes novel approaches for characterization of respiration at a single cell level: (1) flow cytometry-based redox sensing (FCRS) of actively metabolizing microbes; (2) respiration r...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Konopka MC,McQuaide S,Ojala DS,Kalyuzhnaya MG,Lidstrom ME

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the near future, computational tools and methods based on the mathematical modeling of biomedically relevant networks and pathways will be necessary for the design of therapeutic strategies that fight complex multifactorial diseases. Beyond the use of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approaches, we propose here ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Marin-Sanguino A,Gupta SK,Voit EO,Vera J

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurement of catalysis by MnSOD using direct observation of the UV absorbance of superoxide allows determination of steady-state catalytic constants. Stabilizing superoxide in aprotic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide permits the use of stopped-flow spectrophotometry, although significant information is lost in th...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Silverman DN,Nick HS

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Given recent efforts to determine the sequence information on thousands of genes in the human genome, the current challenge is to identify the functions of these genes, including those encoding the regulator of G-protein signaling protein gene superfamily, and to establish their roles in particular signaling pathways ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Wang Q,Liu M,Kozasa T,Rothestein JD,Sternweis PC,Neubig RR

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene regulatory grids (GRGs) encompass the space of all the possible transcription factor (TF)-target gene interactions that regulate gene expression, with gene regulatory networks (GRNs) representing a temporal and spatial manifestation of a portion of the GRG, essential for the specification of gene expression. Thus...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Yang F,Ouma WZ,Li W,Doseff AI,Grotewold E

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Covalent attachment of lipids appears to be an important mechanism by which many proteins interact with membranes. As we learn more about how lipids and adjacent amino acids participate in addressing proteins to specific membranes within the cell, it should be possible to design more elegant and precise membrane targe...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Solski PA,Quilliam LA,Coats SG,Der CJ,Buss JE

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome editing using the Cas9 endonuclease of Streptococcus pyogenes has demonstrated unprecedented efficacy and facility in a wide variety of biological systems. In zebrafish, specifically, studies have shown that Cas9 can be directed to user-defined genomic target sites via synthetic guide RNAs, enabling random or h...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Gonzales AP,Yeh JR

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) provides a sensitive and accurate means by which to study the thermodynamics of RNA folding, RNA binding to small molecules, and RNA-protein interactions. The advent of extremely sensitive instrumentation and the increasing availability of ITC in shared facilities have made it in...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Feig AL

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a great need for practicing scientists to volunteer their time and expertise in the K-12th grade science classroom. We have found that bioluminescence is a fun and exciting way to teach basic science concepts and is an excellent tool for the volunteering scientist. We have had very positive reactions from bot...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Hammer M,Andrade JD

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Survival of macrophages, which serve as the first-line defense against invading pathogens by invoking the overproduction of highly toxic peroxynitrite (ONOO-), depends on their ability to maintain the intracellular GSH level and to induce the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The ONOO- is produced by macrophages ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Srisook K,Kim C,Cha YN

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Currently, over a hundred high-resolution structures of serpins are available, exhibiting a wide range of conformations. However, our understanding of serpin dynamics and conformational change is still limited, mainly due to challenges of monitoring structural changes and characterizing transient conformations using e...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kass I,Reboul CF,Buckle AM

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For mRNAs encoding secretory and integral membrane proteins, translation initiation is thought to begin a process of mRNA localization where mRNA/ribosome/nascent chain complexes (RNCs) are trafficked from the cytosol compartment to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). At the ER membrane, RNCs bind to a protein-conducting ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Stephens SB,Nicchitta CV

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein matrix cavities and extended tunnels can effectively channel substrates and products to and from active sites in enzymes. Substrate and product channeling can enhance catalytic efficiency by reducing the intramolecular diffusion times to and from reaction centers. Moreover, protected transfer between sites may...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Pesce A,Milani M,Nardini M,Bolognesi M

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antimicrosomal antibodies in inflammatory liver diseases all seem to be directed against members of the cytochrome P450 family of proteins. These autoantigens seem to be genetically polymorphic, the autoantibodies are inhibitory, and the autoepitopes are generally conserved among species. Anti-P450 autoantibodies shar...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Manns MP,Johnson EF

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bromodomain (BrD) represents an evolutionarily conserved protein domain whose function mostly is to recognize acetylated lysine residues in histones and nuclear proteins in regulation of gene transcription in chromatin. The highly conserved BrD structure features an unusual left-handed, antiparallel four-helix bun...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Ren C,Zeng L,Zhou MM

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Once the appropriate site has been selected for the attachment of GFP to the sarcomeric protein, it is quite remarkable that the large size of the GFP molecule does not appear to interfere with the localization of the fluorescent sarcomeric proteins into the sarcomeric regions of the myofibrils. A similar approach usi...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Dabiri GA,Ayoob JC,Turnacioglu KK,Sanger JM,Sanger JW

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Paraquat (PQ) is a prototypical redox cycling agent commonly used experimentally to generate reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Recently, PQ has also come under investigation as a potential environmental neurotoxin associated with increased risk for neurodegenerative disease developing after chronic exposur...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Drechsel DA,Patel M

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00