Self-determinants in autoimmune demyelinating disease: changes in T- cell response specificity.

abstract：:It has recently become clear that several factors must coincide for the initiation of autoimmunity. At minimum, these involve a genetic predisposition, naive lymphocytes that can react with autoantigens and a precipitating event that leads to T and/or B cell activation. Inter-individual variations in these factors pro...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Christen U,von Herrath MG

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The invariant chain (Ii) has been shown to play a critical role in the assembly, intracellular transport and function of MHC class II molecules. Recent studies suggest that these distinct activities can in many cases be attributed to distinct isoforms of Ii or to specific regions within it. Thus, regulation of Ii synt...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Sant AJ,Miller J

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our understanding of NKT cells has been rapidly advancing over recent years, with many research groups studying how these cells behave and how they can be manipulated to prevent disease. Although good progress has been made, a difficulty is the lack of a clear consensus about how to assay, or even identify, NKT cells....

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Berzins SP,Smyth MJ,Godfrey DI

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Innate immunity, our inborn immediate defence mechanism, was thought for a long time to be non-specific and, consequently, research into innate mechanisms often took second place to research into adaptive immunity. In recent decades, however, the spotlight has shone on groundbreaking advances into mechanisms of innate...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Coutinho A,Poltorack A

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hybrid resistance refers to the rejection of parental strain bone marrow cells by natural killer cells of mice that are F1 hybrids derived from two inbred parental strains. This pattern of rejection is not seen in solid organ transplants. Progress in understanding this exception to the laws of transplantation genetics...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Kumar V,George T,Yu YY,Liu J,Bennett M

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A diverse B cell repertoire is essential for an effective immune response. Not only to provide a variety of antibodies to recognise the multiplicity of likely pathogen challenge, but also because B cells are important regulators of the immune response. In addition to their excellent capabilities as antigen presenting ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Dunn-Walters DK,Ademokun AA

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are two competing theories to explain the mechanism(s) by which cytolytic T lymphocytes kill target cells: granule exocytosis of a pore-forming protein, and contact-induced internal disintegration. Accumulated evidence supports alternative pathways in lymphocytoxicity, possibly reflecting distinct effector funct...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Berke G

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NKT cells utilize a restricted alphabeta TCR repertoire that recognizes glycolipids in association with CD1d. The recent development of fluorescent CD1d tetramers loaded with the synthetic glycolipid alpha-galactosyl-ceramide has led to a clearer definition of NKT-cell subsets as well as important insights into their ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： MacDonald HR

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies of the regulation of antigen receptor rearrangement have revealed several completely new levels of control. Not only do antigen receptor loci undergo changes in histone modifications as they become accessible for recombination, but also the number of different histone modifications and the variation at ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Feeney AJ

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic and biochemical analyses have identified multiple DNA-binding and non-DNA-binding proteins that functionally regulate MHC class II genes. These include RFX, X2BP, NF-Y, CIITA, OCT-2 and Bob1. One of the essential non-DNA-binding proteins, CIITA, appears to function as a limiting molecular switch that is respon...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Boss JM

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Consolidating the information that we have on pharmacogenetics and on cytokine genetics to produce patient-oriented individualized drug regimens is an important challenge in transplantation medicine. Using a multi-variant approach based on genetic profile and other relevant clinical factors a score system may be devel...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Girnita DM,Burckart G,Zeevi A

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing) family of intracellular sensors is a crucial component of the innate immune system. A number of NLR family members can form multiprotein complexes, called inflammasomes, and are capable of activating the cysteine protease caspase-1 in response to a wid...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Pedra JH,Cassel SL,Sutterwala FS

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have increased our understanding of the nature of autoimmune recognition and of the identity of autoantigens, at least in model systems. Knowledge of the autoantigens and the process of recognition is suggesting new therapies for autoimmune disease. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Smith SC,Allen PM

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peanuts are a frequent cause of food allergy and the most common cause of fatal food-induced anaphylaxis in the U.S. Advances during the past two years have promoted our understanding of peanut allergens and peanut allergy prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, and therapy. The advances highlighted in this review include ev...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Finkelman FD

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The adoptive transfer of T cells isolated or engineered to have specificity for diseased cells represents an ideal approach for the targeted therapy of human viral and malignant diseases. The therapeutic potential of adoptive T cell therapy for infections and cancer was demonstrated in rodent models long ago, but the ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Berger C,Turtle CJ,Jensen MC,Riddell SR

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Typical immune responses lead to the prominent clonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells followed by their differentiation into effector cells. Most effector cells die at the end of the immune response but some of the responding cells survive and form long-lived memory cells. The factors controlling the formation a...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Sprent J,Surh CD

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell antigen receptor-induced signals are required for normal T cell development and function. Recent studies have investigated the mechanism(s) by which signals of different strengths are converted into distinct cellular fates during thymocyte development. These studies indicate the importance of the strength and d...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Love PE,Chan AC

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A two chain model, composed of ligand-binding and signal transducing subunits, first identified in the interleukin-6 receptor system, has been revealed in several other cytokine systems. Common signal transducers shared by several receptor systems may explain a functional redundancy characteristic of cytokines. The si...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Akira S,Kishimoto T

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of induction immunosuppression is evolving. Once used to buttress the inadequacies of past maintenance immunosuppressive regimens, it is now being used to permit effective maintenance immunosuppression using ever decreasing amounts of modern agents. In addition to lymphocyte depletion, with which it was on...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Hale DA

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells are responsible for directing different types of T cell responses, from thymic negative selection to the generation of effector and memory cells and the induction of peripheral tolerance. Recent studies indicate that the dendritic cell lineage, the extent of recruitment into inflamed tissues and migrat...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Lanzavecchia A,Sallusto F

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune system function declines with age. Here we review and compare age-associated changes in murine and human B cell pools and humoral immune responses. We summarize changes in B cell generation and homeostasis, as well as notable changes at the subcellular level; then discuss how these changes help to explain alter...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Scholz JL,Diaz A,Riley RL,Cancro MP,Frasca D

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Various new aspects of antigen processing have been uncovered through the study of tumor antigens. One of these is the production of antigenic peptides by splicing of two distinct peptide fragments. In one of the two cases reported, the proteasome was found to be responsible for splicing. The presentation of another p...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： van der Bruggen P,Van den Eynde BJ

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptides presented by MHC class I molecules are typically produced through antigen degradation by the proteasome followed by trimming by exopeptidases. According to recent results, these include both aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases in the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum. While cytosolic peptidases have a n...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Weimershaus M,Evnouchidou I,Saveanu L,van Endert P

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The IL-17/IL-17 receptor family is the newest and least understood of the cytokine subclasses. Composed of ligands IL-17A-IL-17F and receptors IL-17RA-IL-17RE, these cytokines have many unique structural and functional features. Since the discovery of the 'Th17' subset in 2005, particular attention has been paid to IL...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Gaffen SL

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in the field of cellular therapy have focused on autologous T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against tumor antigens. Remarkable responses have been observed in patients receiving autologous CD19-redirected T cells for the treatment of B-lymphoid malignancies. However, the...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Daher M,Rezvani K

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene therapy has become an attractive alternative therapeutic strategy to allogeneic transplant for primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) owing to known genetic defects. Clinical trials using gammaretroviral vectors have demonstrated the proof of principle of gene therapy for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) and chronic gra...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Aiuti A,Bacchetta R,Seger R,Villa A,Cavazzana-Calvo M

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the establishment of methods to isolate genes encoding cytotoxic T lymphocyte defined tumor antigens, several antigens have been identified and characterized for suitability as target antigens for immunotherapy. The development of innovative strategies to generate T cells targeting these antigens and lessons lea...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Yee C,Riddell SR,Greenberg PD

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses that establish persistent infections in their host, such as herpesviruses, adenoviruses or HIV, express proteins designed to pre-empt or evade recognition and elimination by MHC class I restricted CD8+ T lymphocytes. Notable discoveries during the annual period of review have demonstrated that, in principle, e...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Hengel H,Koszinowski UH

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system detect host invasion by pathogens and initiate immune responses. All of the TLRs use the adaptor MyD88 to transduce a signal; however, two newly identified signaling molecules, TIRAP and TRIF, interact with a subset of the TLRs, suggesting a signaling specific...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Kopp E,Medzhitov R

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Simply detecting the presence or absence of Foxp3, a transcription factor characteristic of naturally occurring CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), now appears of minimal value in predicting the outcome of immunologic responses, since dividing human CD4+ effector T cells can induce Foxp3 without attaining repressiv...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Tao R,de Zoeten EF,Ozkaynak E,Wang L,Li B,Greene MI,Wells AD,Hancock WW

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00