Abstract：
:This article discusses the potential role of bacterial superantigens (SAgs) in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRS/NP). First, it briefly describes SAgs, focusing on how they interact with the immune system by binding to T-cell receptors (TCR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Second, it discusses the role of SAgs in other chronic inflammatory diseases.Finally, it presents evidence for the role of SAgs in the pathogenesis and maintenance of CRS/NP focusing on current research and future considerations.
journal_name
Otolaryngol Clin North Amjournal_title
Otolaryngologic clinics of North Americaauthors
Seiberling KA,Grammer L,Kern RCdoi
10.1016/j.otc.2005.08.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-12-01 00:00:00pages
1215-36, ixissue
6eissn
0030-6665issn
1557-8259pii
S0030-6665(05)00103-9journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The medical community is no exception when it comes to structural racism and implicit bias, often present in dangerously subtle ways. To enter a residency program in which one is the only black person seems odd, especially considering the decades-long calls to action for increasing diversity. Unless the societal major...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.otc.2020.09.018
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of nodal metastasis in differentiated thyroid cancer ranges between 40% to 75%. Elective neck dissection is generally not advised in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer; however, if clinically apparent nodal disease is noted in the tracheoesophageal groove during surgery, central compartment clea...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0030-6665(05)70090-6
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The term Meniere's disease is used to define either the classic triad of vestibular and cochlear symptoms and aural pressure from known or unknown causes or its clinical variants, vestibular and cochlear Meniere's disease. Some variants evolve after years into typical forms, whereas others do not. Some symptoms (posit...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0030-6665(02)00017-8
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Assessment of the nose is critical in evaluating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) because the nose plays an important role in the physiology of sleep by regulating nasal airway resistance and stimulating ventilation. Nasal obstruction is common in sleep apnea, contributes to OSA, and interferes with tolerance of OSA trea...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.otc.2020.02.002
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty was the first surgical procedure described, other than tracheostomy, for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in 1981. It was recognized then that there were responders who were cured of OSA with the procedure and others that were not. It took many years for a staging system to be d...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.otc.2016.07.011
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CT scanning of the ethmoid sinuses is a significant advancement in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with pathology in this region. It allows for simultaneous and accurate evaluation of fine bony detail as well as subtle soft tissue abnormalities. ...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are two undeniable attributes of radiotherapy: its value in controlling head and neck malignancies and the progressive damage it inflicts on all treated tissues. It is fortunate that over the past decade, we have developed techniques and treatments that counteract, at least in part, the negative effects of radio...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endoscopic endonasal approaches to the skull base pathology have developed and evolved dramatically over the past 2 decades, particularly with collaboration between neurosurgery and otolaryngology physicians. These advances have increased significantly the use of such approaches beyond just resection of pituitary aden...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.otc.2015.09.014
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tracheal and laryngeal stenosis has become increasingly common following prolonged intubation or tracheostomy for mechanical ventilation and is directly related to trauma. Tracheal resection up to 4 to 5 cm. with an end to end anastomosis is the generally accepted treatment. However, tracheal resection carries the dan...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Noninflammatory, non-neoplastic diseases comprise a diverse group of disorders that can present in a variety of ways. In general, a careful history will sharply focus the diagnostic possibilities. Although the diagnosis usually will be certain following the physical examination, additional testing may be needed to fac...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0030-6665(05)70176-6
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contemporary surgical techniques for treating various pathologies affecting the middle ear address not only eradication of the underlying disease process but also restoration of normal auditory function. Trauma, neoplasms, inflammatory processes, and cholesteatomas can erode and alter normal middle ear components and ...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.otc.2006.08.010
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neoplasms of the nasopharynx are rare in children, but they threaten the child's life when they do occur. The nasopharynx tends to harbor dysontogenetic neoplasms. After classification into benign and malignant groups, nasopharyngeal neoplasms in children can be further characterized according to the age of the patien...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is evident from the foregoing that the evaluation of such a common complaint as nasal obstruction can be extremely complex. If a thorough history and examination are undertaken, however, only a small number of these investigations (if any) may be required. In each individual, it is always worth considering possible...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELST) are slow-growing, locally aggressive, low-grade malignancies that originate from the epithelium of the endolymphatic duct and sac. ELST often present with sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo, which may mimic Meniere disease. Large tumors may present with additional cranial...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.otc.2014.12.006
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We believe that it is essential to closely monitor the viability of any free flap in order to decrease potential morbidity to the patient. A myriad of techniques have been described, many of which appear quite promising; none has been widely accepted. We believe that clinical assessment of an exposed portion of a free...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article details clinical reports and studies of ototoxicity associated with the administration of erythromycin and its analogues. Suspected mechanisms of ototoxicity also are discussed. Ototoxicity due to erythromycin appears to be clearly dose related. ...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pediatric tracheal stenosis is a difficult problem that requires very careful preoperative evaluation and classification. Most forms of extrinsic compression are vascular in origin but can be associated with tracheomalacia, complete tracheal rings, and other anomalies of the aerodigestive tract. Optimally, both the va...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rational antibiotic therapy for sinusitis is a difficult goal, made difficult by few satisfactory comparative trials with sufficient clinical power, the large numbers of therapeutic options, prescribing pressures from the pharmaceutical industry, and rapid changes in bacterial resistance patterns. Controversies exist ...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Corticosteroids are widely used in otolaryngology to treat many disorders; however, the nature and extent of possible complications may not be completely understood. A comprehensive review of the physiology of systemic corticosteroids and literature discussing the known side effects associated with their use is presen...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.otc.2010.04.003
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cross-sectional imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of the retropharyngeal space (RPS) and the prevertebral space (PVS). Because of their deep location within the neck, lesions arising within these spaces are difficult, if not impossible, to evaluate on clinical examination. This article details the cros...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.otc.2012.08.004
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The standard treatment for patients with advanced laryngeal cancer remains total laryngectomy. Radiotherapy as a primary treatment modality is a reasonable alternative. Surgical salvage by total laryngectomy is an important part of the treatment plan when irradiation is used primarily to treat advanced laryngeal cance...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients presenting with orbital inflammation must be diagnosed promptly and treated aggressively. Appropriate therapy is based on the specific diagnosis and is highly effective and rewarding. ...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An update regarding the selective application of CT scanning in acute laryngeal trauma is presented for a period encompassing 9 years. A study group of 16 patients from a larger population of 52 patients was identified as having undergone CT scanning as part of their clinical management. A rationale is presented for t...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early identification of hearing loss and rapid rehabilitative intervention are the two key elements that will give an infant the best chance to develop normal speech and allow the family members to make appropriate adjustments that will enhance communication in the home environment. Hearing loss in an infant may be on...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0030-6665(05)70192-4
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medical management of Meniere's disease is successful in approximately 70% of patients. Surgical intervention is the treatment option when medication fails. Middle ear installation of aminoglycosides provides significant control of vertigo. This article addresses the role of aminoglycoside ablation of vestibular funct...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes the anatomy and embryology of the thyroid and parathyroid glands and the recurrent laryngeal nerve, discussing how the anatomy affects function and dysfunction of the glands. ...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.otc.2010.01.001
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Meniere disease is one of the most fascinating and most vexing of all clinical conditions encountered by the otolaryngologist. Operationally speaking, a Meniere ear is a fragile ear. In fact, Meniere disease can and should be redefined as a degenerating inner ear that has impairment of one or more homeostatic systems,...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.otc.2010.05.003
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After a nearly a century of development, augmentation of laryngeal tissue through injection remains as complex a procedure as it was in the earlier part of the century. Initially, the number of surgeons performing injection laryngoplasty was limited since the technique of injection was thought to be difficult and the ...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.otc.2003.12.002
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past 20 years have seen the cochlear implant evolve from an innovative but radical concept to the standard of care in the management of children with severe to profound hearing loss. All children receiving the cochlear implant achieve substantial benefit; however, performance gains are optimized by a team approach...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0030-6665(02)00059-2
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A patient seeking emergency treatment for a labyrinthine disorder is usually complaining of dizziness. The task at hand in the emergency room is, first, to rule out the truly life threatening emergent disorders, and then by means of a rapid but adequate history and physical examination to aid in the differentiation be...
journal_title：Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
