Abstract:
:Reviewed herein are data supporting the hypothesis that insulin and the sympathoadrenal system are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in the obese. Data from the Normative Aging Study, a population-based cohort followed in Boston, confirm other epidemiologic reports of a direct relationship between upper-body obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension. Because insulin is known to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), the possibility that insulin-mediated sympathetic stimulation contributed to hypertension in the obese was investigated by the analysis of 24-h urinary norepinephrine (NE) excretion in this group. Urinary NE was directly correlated with body mass index and waist/hip ratio, supporting increased SNS activity in the obese. Epinephrine excretion, an index of adrenal medullary activity, was inversely related to obesity, and both high insulin and low epinephrine levels were independently correlated with lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher levels of triglycerides. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that insulin-mediated sympathetic stimulation results in hypertension from concomitant sympathetic stimulation of the heart, vessels, and kidney. Reciprocal changes in adrenal medullary function contribute to the associated dyslipidemia. Therapeutic strategies aimed at diminishing insulin resistance and lowering insulin levels, and antagonizing the effects of sympathetic stimulation on the heart, the vessels, and the kidneys, would appear to have a solid physiological rationale in the obese.
journal_name
J Cardiovasc Pharmacoljournal_title
Journal of cardiovascular pharmacologyauthors
Landsberg Lsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
S1-8eissn
0160-2446issn
1533-4023journal_volume
23 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::We examined the influence of the new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) fosinopril on function and perfusion of the diabetic rat heart. Streptozotocin-diabetic rats (60 mg/kg body weight) were treated with fosinopril (10 mg/kg body weight/day) for 4 months. Cardiac performance was analyzed in the isolated ...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-199601000-00011
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Oxidative stress is an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors attenuate atherosclerosis and oxidative stress in animal models. Omapatrilat, a VasoPeptidase-inhibitor, selectively inhibits both Neutral-Endo-Peptidase (NEP) and ACE. OBJECTI...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-200401000-00021
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The combination of a beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drug with the dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, nitrendipine, has particular therapeutic advantages in the management of hypertension. The beta-blocker reduces any reflex increases in sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system activity that result ...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00005344-198806124-00015
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simvastatin (SV), an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity inhibits migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). To investigate whether these effects of SV are related to inhibition of cell calcium mobilization, cultured SMC obtained from rat aorta were l...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-199603000-00011
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genes for endothelin (ET) and their receptors are candidates for essential hypertension. Those for ET-1, ET-2 and the ET(A) receptor were selected for mutation scanning, and associated studies comparing untreated hypertensive patients and matched controls. A number of silent polymorphisms were found, resulting fro...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-200000002-00010
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics, LV muscle mass (LVMM), and LV geometry of 13 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) treated for 20 weeks with nifedipine (30 mg/kg/day) with those of 11 age-matched untreated SHRs. LVMM, LVMM related to end-diastolic volume (LVMM/EDV), LV pressure (PLV), systolic wall st...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-198301000-00008
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We wished to determine whether pharmacologic inhibition of the exaggerated sympathetic nerve activity in congestive heart failure (CHF) could restore the renal response to exogenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) administration. Left ventricular (LV) myocardial infarction was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 16) ...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-199011000-00013
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased sodium absorption in the gut is one mechanism contributing to hypertensive blood pressure values. The sodium-proton-exchanger subtype 3 (NHE3) is an important mediator of intestinal sodium absorption. The compound SAR is a new specific NHE3 inhibitor with extremely low oral absorbability leading to decreased...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FJC.0000000000000336
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) was suppressed and inducible NOS (iNOS) enhanced at the decompensated heart failure stage in 18-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) hypertensive rats to which a high-salt diet had been administered from the age of 6 weeks. Nicorandil (NIC) enhanced ecNOS by activating Ad...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.fjc.0000211741.47960.c2
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of in vivo experiments were conducted to compare the hemodynamic actions of vernakalant (a novel, relatively atrial selective, antiarrhythmic drug) to flecainide after infusion into the peripheral vasculature. Anesthetized rats were surgically prepared to have an extracorporeal perfusion circuit whereby blood...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FJC.0b013e318210276b
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the effect of phenytoin on serum lipids and lipoproteins in a group of 20 male volunteers. Nine of the subjects were healthy, and 11 had coronary heart disease. Their mean age was 44 +/- 7 years. Phenytoin was given at daily doses of 200-350 mg for a period of 4-9 months. Serum total cholesterol increased ...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-198101000-00019
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prazosin, in daily doses of 6--16 mg, was used along with furosemide and polythiazide in 11 hypertensive heart failure patients. Average supine and standing blood pressures were reduced from 180/108 and 171/106 to 130/84 and 135/86, respectively. Average heart rate decreased from 83 to 73 supine and from 84 to 75 stan...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The positive inotropic effect of DPI 201-106 has been studied in isolated, electrically driven papillary muscles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WK). The positive inotropic effect of isoprenaline (Iso) and Ca2+ was studied for comparison. The maximal positive inotropic effect of Iso was...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-198804000-00012
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the antianginal action of nitroglycerin and nifedipine, systemic and right heart pressures, cardiac output, oxygen consumption, and radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction and volume were measured in 14 men with stable effort angina and a positive exercise electrocardiogram. Exercise tests were ...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-198903000-00002
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both in the periphery and in the central nervous system, alpha-adrenoceptors can be subdivided into alpha 1-types. alpha 1-Receptors are sensitive to low concentrations of the agonists phenylephrine and methoxamine, and of the antagonists corynanthine and prazosin. alpha 1-Receptors are sensitive to low concentrations...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-198200041-00002
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspirin for secondary cardiovascular disease prevention is well established, but treatment discontinuation, often because of gastrointestinal mucosal injury or symptoms, can lead to increased risk for cardiovascular events. Proton pump inhibitor therapy is recommended for aspirin-treated patients at gastrointestinal r...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/FJC.0000000000000387
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effect of apstatin (an aminopeptidase P inhibitor) on bradykinin-induced inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) formation and glucose uptake in isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Apstatin enhanced bradykinin-induced IP3 formation in a dose-dependent manner. We found that 1 microM Hoe 140 (a bradykini...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-200105000-00001
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine whether a quantitative relation exists between changes in regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) and those in electrophysiologic determinants recorded via left ventricular endocardial and epicardial bipolar electrograms after administration of disopyramide (DP) and a class III ant...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-199908000-00014
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Felodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, was used to treat eight patients with severe uncontrolled hypertension: five had essential hypertension, two had renovascular disease, and one chronic pyelonephritis. Mean blood pressure (BP) was 221 +/- 14/120 +/- 4 mm Hg despite treatment with three or more antihyper...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-199015004-00032
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to characterize angiotensin II (AII) receptors in cerebral capillary endothelium and to examine whether the first step in AII responsiveness, namely AII receptor binding, is aberrant in cerebral microvessels obtained from adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The binding of [3H]a...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-198902000-00008
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of local myocardial administration of lactic acid and low-dose edaravone were investigated to determine if this combination provides benefits similar to mechanical postconditioning. We randomly divided 108 rats into 6 groups: sham, reperfusion injury, postconditioning (Post), lactic acid (Lac), low-dose ed...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.fjc.0000432860.48345.9d
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the effect of pinacidil on the transmural distribution of myocardial blood flow in the chronically pressure overloaded hypertrophied left ventricle. Studies were performed in six dogs in which banding of the ascending aorta had resulted in an 88% increase in left ventricular mass, as well as in six...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-199012000-00005
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the effect of ramipril (10 mg/kg daily by gastric gavage) on the development of neointima 2 and 14 days after injury to rat aorta with a balloon catheter. In treated animals, there was no significant inhibition of the early mitotic reaction after injury (synthesis of DNA, as reflected by aortic thymidi...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-199108000-00005
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human saphenous veins were obtained at operation and assayed immediately (n = 10). The veins were cut into rings, suspended in organ chambers, and connected to force transducers for recording of isometric tension. One ring served as control; others were treated with either the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin ...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships between the effects on blood pressure and vascular responsiveness, and the whole blood concentration of the antihypertensive drug trimazosin and its major metabolite were investigated in six normotensive male volunteers following 100 mg i.v. and 200 mg p.o. administration. Pressor responses to intrav...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00005344-198509000-00015
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac fibroblasts are the major non-myocyte cell constituent in the myocardium, and they are involved in heart remodeling. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) mediates the established actions of angiotensin II (Ang II), and changes in its expression have been reported in cardiac fibroblasts after myocardial infarc...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FJC.0b013e318181fadd
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last few years, there has been a growing awareness that treated hypertensive patients are still at substantially increased risks for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and that one conceivable explanation for this is that their blood pressure has not been lowered to strictly normotensive levels. To obta...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00005344-198812006-00026
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In isolated rat tail arteries perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution, ouabain, in concentrations of less than 10(-5) M, caused a concentration-dependent, noncompetitive inhibition of the vasoconstrictor response to phenylephrine. Concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-6) M caused 30 and 61% inhibition, respectively. The inh...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-198507000-00013
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was a multicenter, double-blind comparison of the antianginal efficacy and safety of amlodipine and placebo as adjunctive therapy with constant recommended maintenance doses of beta-blockers. Patients with stable exertional angina pectoris were randomized to placebo or amlodipine at a starting dose of 5 mg ...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00005344-199117001-00016
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the thromboxane A2 (TXA2)/prostaglandin endoperoxide (TP) receptor antagonist ifetroban (BMS-180291) on infarct size (IS) resulting from coronary occlusion/reperfusion was determined in anesthetized dogs and ferrets. In dogs, ifetroban (1 + 1 mg/kg/h, intravenously, i.v.) or vehicle administration was i...
journal_title:Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005344-199424060-00014
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00