Selecting a decongestant.

Abstract:

:Antihistamines and decongestants often are used interchangeably and in combination for a variety of upper respiratory illnesses ranging from allergic rhinitis to the common cold; yet, these two classes of drugs have distinct therapeutic actions. When administered alone, antihistamines are of no value in reducing nasal stuffiness. Therefore, many allergy products also contain decongestants. Conversely, cough-cold remedies often contain antihistamines despite their lack of efficacy in these conditions. Nasal congestion, on the other hand, regardless of its cause, responds quite well to decongestants. The topical route provides a faster and more intense decrease in nasal airway resistance, but has a shorter duration and the potential to produce rebound congestion in patients with allergic rhinitis, whereas oral agents do not. Phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylephrine are the most common decongestants. Although all are sympathomimetic amines, their efficacy varies. In particular, phenylephrine is subject to first-pass metabolism and therefore is not bioavailable in currently recommended doses. In addition, phenylpropanolamine and pseudoephedrine, but not phenylephrine, are effective decongestants. Slow-release formulations allow a longer dosing interval, especially during the night. However, most formulations available in the United States are manufactured and sold without Food and Drug Administration scrutiny. Since the in vitro dissolution of many of these products differs, it is possible that some of the generic formulations are not bioequivalent to established brand-name products. Therefore, pharmacists should not substitute formulations without discussing the matter with the prescriber.

journal_name

Pharmacotherapy

journal_title

Pharmacotherapy

authors

Hendeles L

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1993-11-01 00:00:00

pages

129S-134S; discussion 143S-146S

issue

6 Pt 2

eissn

0277-0008

issn

1875-9114

journal_volume

13

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Barriers to patient self-testing of prothrombin time: national survey of anticoagulation practitioners.

    abstract::Oral anticoagulation with warfarin requires routine monitoring of prothrombin time, expressed as the international normalized ratio (INR). Patient self-testing for INR is common in Europe but not in the United States. In order to determine the frequency of INR self-testing among patients whose anticoagulant therapy is...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1592/phco.25.2.265.56949

    authors: Wittkowsky AK,Sekreta CM,Nutescu EA,Ansell J

    更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00

  • Position paper on critical care pharmacy services. Society of Critical Care Medicine and American College of Clinical Pharmacy.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify and describe the scope of practice that characterizes the critical care pharmacist and critical care pharmacy services. Specifically, the goals were to define the level of clinical practice and specialized skills characterizing the critical care pharmacist as clinician, educator, researcher, and m...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors:

    更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00

  • Updates in hormonal emergency contraception.

    abstract::In recent years, there have been many updates in hormonal emergency contraception. Levonorgestrel emergency contraception has been available for several years to prevent pregnancy when used within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure, and it was recently approved for nonprescription status f...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1592/phco.31.9.887

    authors: Shrader SP,Hall LN,Ragucci KR,Rafie S

    更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00

  • Bedaquiline: a novel antitubercular agent for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

    abstract::Bedaquiline is a diarylquinoline antitubercular drug with a novel mechanism of action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bedaquiline works by inhibiting bacterial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase and represents the first novel class of antituberculosis agents in more than 40 years. Bedaquiline is indicated for t...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/phar.1482

    authors: Worley MV,Estrada SJ

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Reteplase for dysfunctional hemodialysis catheter clearance.

    abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of reteplase administration in clearing hemodialysis catheters. DESIGN:Open-label, uncontrolled, observational trial. SETTING:University medical center. PATIENTS:Thirty-four patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing long-term hemodialysis. INTERVENTION:Patients had du...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1592/phco.23.2.137.32086

    authors: Hilleman DE,Dunlay RW,Packard KA

    更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of low-dose phenytoin on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

    abstract::We examined whether low doses of phenytoin, which should be associated with few dose-related side effects, may increase the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Of 35 healthy adult men who consented to participate, 31 completed the study. They took no medications and consumed no alcohol during the stu...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:

    authors: McKenney JM,Petrizzi KS,Briggs GC,Wright JT Jr

    更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00

  • An Overview of the Treatment of Less Common Non-Lactose-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacteria.

    abstract::Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia complex, Elizabethkingia spp., Chryseobacterium spp., Achromobacter spp., and Alcaligenes spp. are less-common non-lactose-fermenting bacteria that have emerged as important opportunistic pathogens. Patients at the highest risk for these infections include the immunoc...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/phar.2447

    authors: Spencer HK,Spitznogle SL,Borjan J,Aitken SL

    更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00

  • Therapeutic drug monitoring of antimycobacterial drugs in patients with both tuberculosis and advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection.

    abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the feasibility of therapeutic drug monitoring for adjusting low serum antimycobacterial concentrations in patients with both tuberculosis and advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study. DATA SOURCE:De-identified dataset from a tuberculosis clinic. PAT...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1592/phco.29.5.503

    authors: Holland DP,Hamilton CD,Weintrob AC,Engemann JJ,Fortenberry ER,Peloquin CA,Stout JE

    更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00

  • ACCP Clinical Pharmacist Competencies.

    abstract::The purpose of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) is to advance human health by extending the frontiers of clinical pharmacy. Consistent with this mission and its core values, ACCP is committed to ensuring that clinical pharmacists possess the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors necessary to deli...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/phar.1923

    authors: Saseen JJ,Ripley TL,Bondi D,Burke JM,Cohen LJ,McBane S,McConnell KJ,Sackey B,Sanoski C,Simonyan A,Taylor J,Vande Griend JP

    更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00

  • White Paper on Natural Products.

    abstract::The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) published an initial white paper on herbal products in 2000. Since then, the global market for natural products has continued to expand, with tens of millions of consumers using such products on an annual basis in the United States alone. However, despite this expansion...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/phar.1874

    authors: Gabay M,Smith JA,Chavez ML,Goldwire M,Walker S,Coon SA,Gosser R,Hume AL,Musselman M,Phillips J,Abe AM

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • Impact of an institution-specific hospital-acquired pneumonia protocol on the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy and patient outcomes.

    abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of a hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) protocol on appropriateness of empiric antibiotic therapy, antibiotic deescalation, antibiotic duration, patient mortality, and length of stay. DESIGN:Before- and after-study of protocol implementation. SETTING:A 450-bed, academic medical c...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1592/phco.28.7.852

    authors: Lancaster JW,Lawrence KR,Fong JJ,Doron SI,Garpestad E,Nasraway SA,Devlin JW

    更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00

  • Vitamin K to reverse excessive anticoagulation: a review of the literature.

    abstract::We conducted an extensive literature review to evaluate the appropriate use, route, and dose of vitamin K to reverse excessive anticoagulation. Issues such as sample size, study design, different patient populations, and various study end points confounded results. Of 18 studies published, 8 enrolled 229 patients to e...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1592/phco.19.18.1415.30896

    authors: Taylor CT,Chester EA,Byrd DC,Stephens MA

    更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00

  • Two-year changes in bone mineral density and T scores in patients treated at a pharmacist-run teriparatide clinic.

    abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To determine changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and T scores of patients after 2 years of teriparatide therapy, and to determine the number of fractures that occurred during therapy. DESIGN:Prospective, observational study. SETTING:Pharmacist-run teriparatide clinic in a private-practice endocrino...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1592/phco.27.6.779

    authors: Stroup JS,Rivers SM,Abu-Baker AM,Kane MP

    更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of alprostadil (prostaglandin E1) in the management of congenital heart disease in infancy.

    abstract::Prostaglandins have been shown to relax the smooth muscle of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus in utero. This physiologic action has been applied to the management of newborn infants with certain types of congenital malformations. Infants with lesions producing right ventricular outflow obstruction have a compromised...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb04522.x

    authors: Heymann MA,Clyman RI

    更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00

  • Evolution of beta-lactamase inhibitors.

    abstract::After the introduction of penicillin G into therapeutics, bacteria became increasingly resistant to this penicillin and subsequent beta-lactam antibiotics. The major cause of this resistance is beta-lactamase, an enzyme produced by the bacterium, that destroys the antibiotic before it reaches its target within the bac...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Jackson D

    更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00

  • Novel oral anticoagulants and their role in clinical practice.

    abstract::The complexities of oral anticoagulation with warfarin have led to the search for more practical alternative agents. Novel direct factor IIa inhibitors and direct factor Xa inhibitors currently in development can be administered at a fixed dose and do not require routine coagulation monitoring and ongoing dosage adjus...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1592/phco.31.12.1175

    authors: Wittkowsky AK

    更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00

  • Retrospective evaluation of the conversion of amlodipine to alternative calcium channel blockers.

    abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and costs associated with a formulary conversion from amlodipine to alternative calcium channel blockers. DESIGN:Retrospective study. SETTING:Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PATIENTS:One hundred patients with hypertension who were receiving amlodipine. INTERVE...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1592/phco.20.13.1072.35022

    authors: Parra D,Beckey NP,Korman L

    更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00

  • Discontinuation rates of Helicobacter pylori treatment regimens: a meta-analysis.

    abstract::We conducted a meta-analysis to determine what factors in treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori are associated with increased discontinuation rates. Studies were selected from the 1990-1996 MEDLINE data base, and references in published articles and reviews were obtained. Each article was uniformally abstracted f...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1592/phco.19.4.324.30939

    authors: Buring SM,Winner LH,Hatton RC,Doering PL

    更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacokinetics of intravenous trovafloxacin in critically ill adults.

    abstract::The pharmacokinetic disposition of numerous antimicrobial agents is altered in critically ill patients. Pharmacokinetics of trovafloxacin, a fluoroquinolone indicated specifically for severe, life-threatening infections in the intensive care unit, have not been well studied in this population. We characterized the pha...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1592/phco.20.5.400.35056

    authors: Olsen KM,Rebuck JA,Weidenbach T,Fish DN

    更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical Outcomes with Penicillin Versus Alternative β-Lactams in the Treatment of Penicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To identify the impact of penicillin versus alternative β-lactams on clinical outcomes in patients with penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (PSSA) bacteremia. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study. SETTING:Academic medical center. PATIENTS:Adult patients with PSSA bacteremia treated with a β-lactam a...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/phar.2124

    authors: Shah MD,Wardlow LC,Stevenson KB,Coe KE,Reed EE

    更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00

  • Variability in polyene content and cellular toxicity among deoxycholate amphotericin B formulations.

    abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the toxicity of amphotericin B deoxycholate formulations. DESIGN:In vitro experiment. SETTING:University research center. MATERIAL:Human mononuclear THP-1 cells. INTERVENTION:The human mononuclear cells were exposed in vitro for 2 hours to the following deoxycholate formulations of ampho...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1592/phco.23.5.572.32209

    authors: Cleary JD,Rogers PD,Chapman SW

    更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00

  • Observational Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Treatments for Obesity within the Veterans Health Administration.

    abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness of weight-management medications used to assist with weight loss in real-world clinical practice in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). DESIGN:Retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort study. DATA SOURCE:National VA Corporate Data Warehouse. PATIENTS:A total ...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1002/phar.2048

    authors: Grabarczyk TR

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Evidence of the economic benefit of clinical pharmacy services: 1996-2000.

    abstract::We sought to summarize and assess original evaluations of the economic impact of clinical pharmacy services published from 1996-2000, and to provide recommendations and methodologic considerations for future research. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify articles that were then blinded and randomly...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1592/phco.23.1.113.31910

    authors: Schumock GT,Butler MG,Meek PD,Vermeulen LC,Arondekar BV,Bauman JL,2002 Task Force on Economic Evaluation of Clinical Pharmacy Services of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy.

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Issues in developing an outpatient deep venous thrombosis treatment program: university hospital experience.

    abstract::Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are safe and effective in the treatment of venous thromboembolic disease. Since they require less therapeutic monitoring than unfractionated heparin and may be administered to outpatients, it is possible to decrease overall health care costs of patients diagnosed with deep vein th...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Yurkowski P

    更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00

  • Timing of Initiation of Oral Anticoagulation after Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.

    abstract::Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who suffer an acute ischemic stroke are at risk for both hemorrhagic transformation and recurrent ischemic stroke in the acute post-stroke period. Oral anticoagulants are recommended for secondary stroke prevention in patients with AF. The optimal time to initiate anticoagulant t...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/phar.2345

    authors: Smythe MA,Parker D,Garwood CL,Cuker A,Messé SR

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • The clinical pharmacology and use of paroxetine, a new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

    abstract::Major depression afflicts a significant percentage of the population, and optimum therapy is often limited by the poor tolerability and lethality in overdose of the tricyclic antidepressants. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine, sertraline, and, more recently, paroxetine are viewed as welcom...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Nemeroff CB

    更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00

  • Immunosuppressive properties of calcium channel blockers.

    abstract::Calcium channel blockers are extensively used for their beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Solid organ transplant recipients commonly have cardiovascular disease and are often treated with these agents. Research demonstrates that calcium antagonists may have beneficial effects in this population that are...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Chitwood KK,Heim-Duthoy KL

    更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacotherapy of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: time for a different paradigm?

    abstract::Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia can occur in 60-80% of patients with Alzheimer's disease or other dementing illnesses, and are important in that they are a source of significant caregiver stress and often precipitate nursing home placement. These symptoms, namely, aggression, delusions, hallucination...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1592/phco.21.1.74.34437

    authors: Rojas-Fernandez CH,Lanctot KL,Allen DD,MacKnight C

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of the reproducibility of the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale score in published case reports.

    abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To assess the reproducibility of Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale (APS) scores in published case reports. DESIGN:Reliability analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Randomly selected case reports using the APS were identified from the Web of Science database. The APS scores were blinded...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/phar.1496

    authors: Liang R,Borgundvaag B,McIntyre M,Thwaites C,Ragan K,Wyllie A

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Antidepressants in the management of chronic pain syndromes.

    abstract::Conditions in which antidepressants have been used include diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, headaches, arthritis, chronic back pain, cancer, thalamic pain, facial pain, and phantom limb pain. Although much of the available information is derived from inadequately controlled trials, it seems that antidepres...

    journal_title:Pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Egbunike IG,Chaffee BJ

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00