Abstract:
:Unravelling the mechanisms of learning and memory can, and should, be tackled at many levels. Discovery of the huge family of odourant receptor genes provided olfaction with 'molecular' respectability similar to that afforded to the visual system. Consequently, molecular studies have dominated the olfactory literature this past year, even to the point of providing a molecular basis of olfactory perception. Needless to say, the molecular approach favours a 'hard-wired' system; however, other results suggest that flexibility in the olfactory system provides for certain adaptations that are crucial to the biological needs of mammals.
journal_name
Curr Opin Neurobioljournal_title
Current opinion in neurobiologyauthors
Keverne EBdoi
10.1016/0959-4388(95)80009-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-08-01 00:00:00pages
482-8issue
4eissn
0959-4388issn
1873-6882pii
0959-4388(95)80009-3journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Perception, action, cognition, and emotion can now be mapped in the brain by a growing family of techniques. Positron emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, event-related electrical potentials, event-related magnetic fields, and other non-invasive imaging techniques are rapidly evolving and provid...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-4388(94)90065-5
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropeptide Y is an important regulator of energy intake and expenditure. The central portion of this regulatory system appears to reside in the arcuate nucleus/paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The effects of neuropeptide Y on energy metabolism include increased food intake, decreased thermogenesis and in...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-4388(92)90144-a
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biochemical basis of circadian timekeeping is best characterized in cyanobacteria. The structures of its key molecular players, KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC are known and these proteins can reconstitute a remarkable circadian oscillation in a test tube. KaiC is rhythmically phosphorylated and its phospho-status is a marke...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2013.02.012
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cloning of the Huntington's disease gene uncovered huntingtin, which is remarkable for its lack of similarity with known proteins despite its large size, approximately 350 kDa. Subsequent experiments established that huntingtin has an as yet unknown function, crucial for embryonic development and neurogenesis. Recent ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(98)80071-8
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in multi-electrode recording have brought us closer to understanding how visual information is encoded by populations of retinal ganglion cells. By monitoring the visual responses of many ganglion cells at once, it is now possible to examine how ganglion cells act together to encode a visual scene. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(98)80036-6
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many regions of the brain, information is represented by patterns of activity occurring over populations of neurons. Understanding the encoding of information in neural population activity is important both for grasping the fundamental computations underlying brain function, and for interpreting signals that may be...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(03)00034-5
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholine is the specific chemical code of spinal nerve terminal transmission at the mammalian neuromuscular junction (NMJ), whereas nicotinic acetylcholine receptors inserted into the membrane of muscle fibres mediate signalling for the muscle response. Glutamate has a primary role in neuromuscular transmission o...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.05.013
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The crustacean stomatogastric nervous system is a long-standing test bed for studies of circuit dynamics and neuromodulation. We give a brief update on the most recent work on this system, with an emphasis on the broader implications for understanding neural circuits. In particular, we focus on new findings underlinin...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2016.07.005
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A long-standing hypothesis postulates that the striatum is essential for the concurrent selection of adaptive actions and repression of inappropriate alternatives. Here, classical and recent anatomical and physiological studies are reviewed to show that, in mammals, the striatum can detect discrete task-relevant senso...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2018.04.009
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past five years, the surrounding of the brain, that is the meninges (singular meninx) have evolved from being a physical barrier that protects the brain parenchyma to becoming a central player for both the maintenance of normal brain function and the modulation of neurological disorders. Indeed, the meninges ar...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2019.11.010
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary reactions of the chemo-electrical signal transduction pathway in olfactory receptor neurons are mediated by two alternative second messengers, cAMP and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. The rapid and transient intracellular signalling is terminated by the action of negative-feedback loops which uncouple the re...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-4388(92)90177-m
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of laboratories have recently refined descriptions of temporal response properties, from the auditory periphery to the midbrain. At many levels of the auditory pathway, the role of inhibition in temporal coding of complex sounds is being explored. In addition, quantitative relationships between physiology and...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)80066-X
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oscillation in motor pattern generators is driven either by pacemaker neurons with inherent bursting properties or through network interactions. In a few examples in invertebrates and lower vertebrates, the mechanisms by which reciprocal inhibition combines with inherent membrane properties to produce network oscillat...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-4388(95)80111-1
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is now 15 years since the discovery that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activity is required to maintain the refined topographic organization of retinotectal projections. Recent studies have identified additional components of the signaling pathways required for activity-dependent map formation and maintenance. Nitr...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(02)00295-7
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developing axons appear to navigate to their targets partly in response to long-range diffusible chemoattractants secreted by target cells. The past year has seen the identification of the first target-derived attractants for developing axons, the netrins. Target-derived diffusible factors have also been implicated in...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-4388(95)80091-3
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroepithelial cells, the progenitors to the CNS neurons and glia, undergo both symmetric and asymmetric divisions. Symmetric divisions underlie the proliferation of neuroepithelial cells that predominates early in CNS development. Asymmetric divisions are thought to generate the cell types derived from neuroepitheli...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(97)80117-1
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cadherin superfamily is a large (now more than 100 proteins) protein family originally identified as cell adhesion molecules. Each cadherin shows distinct expression patterns in the nervous system, and their expressions are both spatially and temporally regulated and diverse among different species. Mounting evide...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2014.06.001
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ankyrins are scaffolding proteins widely expressed throughout the nervous system. Ankyrins recruit diverse membrane proteins, including ion channels and cell adhesion molecules, into specialized subcellular membrane domains. These domains are stabilized by ankyrins interacting with the spectrin cytoskeleton. Ankyrin g...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2021.01.002
更新日期:2021-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Priming is a nonconscious form of memory in which an encounter with a stimulus influences the subsequent identification, production or classification of the same or a related stimulus. Neuroimaging studies have revealed that behavioral priming is typically accompanied by reduced activity in several cortical regions. W...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2007.02.001
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The search for quantifiable biological mediators of genetic risk or 'intermediate phenotypes' is an essential strategy in psychiatric neuroscience and a useful tool for exploring the complex relationships between genes, neural circuits and behaviors. In recent years, the examination of connectivity-based intermediate ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2015.07.008
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurotransmitters are released by Ca(2+)-triggered exocytotic fusion of synaptic vesicles. Before fusion, vesicles dock at a specialised presynaptic plasma membrane region, the active zone, where they are primed to a fusion competent state. The nature of this priming reaction has long been enigmatic. Recent evidence d...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00105-7
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Echolocating bats exhibit accurate three-dimensional (3D) auditory localization to avoid obstacles and intercept prey. The bat achieves high spatial resolution through a biological sonar system. Key features of the bat's sonar system are (1) high frequency, directional echolocation signals; (2) high frequency hearing;...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2016.08.002
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vertebrates are remarkable for their ability to select and execute goal-directed actions: motor skills critical for thriving in complex, competitive environments. A key aspect of a motor skill is the ability to execute its component movements over a range of speeds, amplitudes and frequencies (vigor). Recent work has ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2016.02.005
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammals have ∼1000 different olfactory receptor subtypes, each responding to a number of different odorants, and each odorant activating a number of different receptor subtypes. These molecular and anatomical underpinnings of olfaction imply a perceptual structure of very high dimensionality that relies on combinatori...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2013.12.010
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drosophila melanogaster has historically been the premier model system for understanding the molecular and genetic bases of complex behaviors. In the last decade technical advances, in the form of new genetic tools and electrophysiological and optical methods, have allowed investigators to begin to dissect the neurona...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.01.002
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::What I cannot create I do not understand - Richard Feynman 1978 Because primate cortical development exhibits numerous specific features, the mouse is an imperfect model for human cortical development. Expansion of supragranular neurons is an evolutionary feature characterizing the primate cortex. Increased production...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2020.09.012
更新日期:2020-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Activity in cortical networks is heterogeneous, sparse and often precisely timed. The functional significance of sparseness and precise spike timing is debated, but our understanding of the developmental and synaptic mechanisms that shape neuronal discharge patterns has improved. Evidence for highly specialized, selec...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2010.03.006
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent results have shown the possibility of both reconstructing connectomes of small but biologically interesting circuits and extracting from these connectomes insights into their function. However, these reconstructions were heroic proof-of-concept experiments, requiring person-months of effort per neuron reconstru...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2014.01.019
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biological systems use internal circadian clocks to efficiently organize physiological and behavioral activity within the 24-hour time domain. In the absence of time cues, circadian periods vary slightly from 24 hours, but in nature, ambient light serves as the most salient synchronizer for these rhythms, fine-tuning ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2003.10.011
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For most neurons to function properly, they need to develop synaptic specificity. This requires finding specific partner neurons, building the correct types of synapses, and fine-tuning these synapses in response to neural activity. Synaptic specificity is common at both a neuron's input and output synapses, whereby u...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.conb.2017.03.006
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00