Reconstitution of cargo-dependent COPII coat assembly on proteoliposomes.

abstract：:Contemporary high-throughput sequencing methods, notably RNA-Seq, permit the systematic identification and characterization of transcripts whose levels change significantly in response to altered biological states. We have described methods for the application of this methodology to a definition of the transcripts reg...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： He F,Celik A,Baker R,Jacobson A

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Posttranslational modification of circadian clock proteins by phosphorylation is an essential regulatory process in the control of eukaryotic circadian clocks. In the Neurospora circadian clock, the key clock protein FREQUENCY (FRQ) is progressively phosphorylated. The phosphorylation of FRQ is regulated by both kinas...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Liu Y

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Circadian clocks are present in most cells and are essential for maintenance of daily rhythms in physiology, mood, and cognition. Thus, not only neurons of the central circadian pacemaker but also many other peripheral tissues possess the same functional and self-sustained circadian clocks. Surprisingly, however, thei...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Gaspar L,Brown SA

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the ability to expand indefinitely in vitro and give rise to cells of all three germ layers as well as germ cells. For these reasons, ESCs hold great promise for biomedicine. In order to harness the potential of pluripotent cells, it is necessary to first understand the molecular mecha...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Schaniel C,Lee DF,Lemischka IR

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native conditions (native PAGE) is a well-established and versatile method for probing nucleic acid conformation and nucleic acid-protein interactions. Native PAGE has been used to measure RNA folding equilibria and kinetics under a wide variety of conditions. Advantages of thi...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Woodson SA,Koculi E

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphocytes proliferate in response to several stimuli. In many situations, a rapid lymphocyte expansion, or the identification of a slow dividing cell subpopulation may be of great interest. Thus, it is necessary to perform reliable assays to study and compare lymphocyte subsets proliferation. For this purpose, carbo...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Terrén I,Orrantia A,Vitallé J,Zenarruzabeitia O,Borrego F

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome sequencing projects have provided the substrate for an unimaginable number of biological experiments. Further, genomic technologies such as microarrays and quantitative and exquisitely sensitive techniques such as real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction have made it possible to reliably generate millio...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Scheele C,Larsson O,Timmons JA

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables direct visualization of single-protein molecules in liquids at submolecular resolution. High-speed AFM further makes it possible to visualize dynamic biomolecular processes at subsecond resolution. However, dynamic imaging of biomolecular processes imposes various requirements on ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Yamamoto D,Uchihashi T,Kodera N,Yamashita H,Nishikori S,Ogura T,Shibata M,Ando T

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of model organisms in pure culture has provided detailed information about the physiology and biochemistry of nitrification and related processes. Metagenomic sequencing of environmental samples is providing information to what extent this understanding also applies to natural microbial communities. Here, we...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Müller S,Strous M

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances have demonstrated the feasibility and robustness of chemical synthesis for the production of homogeneously glycosylated protein forms (glycoforms). By taking advantage of the unmatchable flexibility and precision provided by chemical synthesis, the quantitative effects of glycosylation were obtained us...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Li Y,Tran AH,Danishefsky SJ,Tan Z

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chloroplast genomes of land plants and algae contain generally between 100 and 150 genes. These genes are involved in plastid gene expression and photosynthesis and in various other tasks. The function of some chloroplast genes is still unknown and some of them appear to be essential for growth and survival. Repressib...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Ramundo S,Rochaix JD

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All cells in nature are covered with a dense and complex array of glycans. The total glycan repertoire expressed on cells, "the cellular glycome," varies at every level of biological organization, and in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. The cellular glycome is often referred to as the "cell face," which re...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Tateno H,Kuno A,Itakura Y,Hirabayashi J

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This protocol describes Coomassie brilliant blue staining, one of the most common methods of detecting proteins in polyacrylamide gels (PAGE). ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Brunelle JL,Green R

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A central goal of biology is to understand how transcription factors target and regulate specific genes and networks to control cell fate and function. An equally important goal of synthetic biology, chemical biology, and personalized medicine is to devise molecules that can regulate genes and networks in a programmab...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Tietjen JR,Donato LJ,Bhimisaria D,Ansari AZ

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nanotechnology offers a new platform for therapeutic delivery of antiretrovirals to the central nervous system (CNS) where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is sequestered in patients with HIV-1-associated neurological disorders (HAND). HAND is a spectrum of neurocognitive disorders that continue to persist in HIV-...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Mahajan SD,Law WC,Aalinkeel R,Reynolds J,Nair BB,Yong KT,Roy I,Prasad PN,Schwartz SA

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) domains bind directly to GTP-bound Galpha subunits and accelerate their intrinsic GTPase activity by up to several thousandfold. The selectivity of RGS proteins for individual Galpha subunits has been illustrated. Thus, the expression of RGS proteins can be used to inhibit signal...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Hains MD,Siderovski DP,Harden TK

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbes are now well recognized as major drivers of the biogeochemical cycling that fuels the Earth, and their viruses (phages) are known to be abundant and important in microbial mortality, horizontal gene transfer, and modulating microbial metabolic output. Investigation of environmental phages has been frustrated ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Solonenko SA,Sullivan MB

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The methods described here concern the use specialized glassware to achieve accurate sub-micromolar to low-millimolar dioxygen concentrations specifically for the study of flavoproteins. Since the early 1960s, these methods have been passed through the lineage of flavin enzymologists almost exclusively as an oral trad...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Moran GR

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) of unstained, freeze-dried biological macromolecules in the dark-field mode provides an image based on the number of electrons elastically scattered by the constituent atoms of the macromolecule. The image of each isolated particle provides information about the project...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Wall JS,Simon MN,Lin BY,Vinogradov SN

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have shown that Rab34/Rah participates in the promotion of macropinosome formation. Here we describe procedures for the analyses of intracellular localization and some functional properties of Rab34. Rab34 lacks a consensus sequence of the fourth motif for GTP/GDP binding and GTPase activities. Indeed, GTPase assay...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Sun P,Endo T

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene therapy vectors based on murine retroviruses have now been in clinical trials for over 20 years. During that time, a variety of novel vector pseudotypes were developed in an effort to improve gene transfer. Lentiviral vectors are now in clinical trials and a similar evolution of vector technology is anticipated. ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Leath A,Cornetta K

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the function of histone deacetylases (HDACs) have primarily been associated with influencing transcription through chromatin remodeling, the capacity of these enzymes to interface with a diverse array of biologic processes by modulating a growing list of nonhistone substrates has gained recent attention. Rece...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kahali S,Sarcar B,Chinnaiyan P

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository at the National Center for Biotechnology Information archives and freely distributes high-throughput molecular abundance data, predominantly gene expression data generated by DNA microarray technology. The database has a flexible design that can handle diverse styles of bot...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Barrett T,Edgar R

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormone, hormone-like substances, and neuroendocrine peptides are natural constituents of milk, and they may have an important physiological and pharmacological role in neonate development. The concentration of these peptides in milk greatly exceeds those in serum and implies an active concentration mechanism in the m...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Hazum E

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro assembly of eukaryotic translation initiation complexes requires purification of ribosomal subunits, eukaryotic initiation factors, and initiator tRNA from natural sources and therefore yields only limited material for functional and structural studies. In this chapter, we describe a robust, affinity chromato...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Locker N,Lukavsky PJ

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epitope tagging has provided a useful experimental strategy with widespread applicability. The ample variety of epitope tag systems that have been put to use to date provide a collection of attributes relevant to virtually any experimental system. As a consequence, epitope tagging will continue to be a valuable tool f...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Fritze CE,Anderson TR

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemokines are essential mediators of leukocyte movement in vivo. In vitro assays of leukocyte migration cannot mimic the complex interactions with other cell types and matrix needed for cells to extravasate and migrate into tissues. Therefore, in vivo strategies to study the effects and potential relevance of chemoki...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Amaral FA,Boff D,Teixeira MM

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has become increasingly clear that large RNA molecules, especially long noncoding RNAs, function in almost all gene regulatory processes (Cech & Steitz, 2014). Many large RNAs appear to be structural scaffolds for assembly of important RNA/protein complexes. However, the structures of most large cellular RNA molecu...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lin Y,May GE,Joel McManus C

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe here the components and uses of two image intensifier systems. The SIT camera system is convenient, relatively inexpensive, readily adaptable to most microscopes, and reliable. It suffers from lack of resolution at high gain levels and the inability to extend its sensitivity by accumulating an image over t...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Willingham MC,Pastan IH

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Given recent efforts to determine the sequence information on thousands of genes in the human genome, the current challenge is to identify the functions of these genes, including those encoding the regulator of G-protein signaling protein gene superfamily, and to establish their roles in particular signaling pathways ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Wang Q,Liu M,Kozasa T,Rothestein JD,Sternweis PC,Neubig RR

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00