Abstract:
:A model for a two-stage selection program based upon normally distributed variables is examined. Subjects in the upper part of the distribution of first-stage observations are retained and subsequently observed an additional number of times in a second stage. Subjects in the upper part of the distribution of second-stage observations are again retained. The first stage consists of n1 observations and the second stage of n2 subsequent observations. The effect of regression toward the mean and the mean and variance of the distribution of retained subjects are examined numerically as functions of the proportions eliminated at each stage and number of first- and second-stage observations.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
McMahan CAdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113423subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-08-01 00:00:00pages
394-401issue
2eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
116pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract::The results of most case-control studies have suggested a positive association between eating frequency and colorectal cancer risk. Because no prospective cohort studies have done so to date, the authors prospectively examined this association. In 1992, eating frequency was assessed in a cohort of 34,968 US men in the...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr363
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few reports on population-based studies of birth rate among epilepsy patients have been published. In most previous studies, fertility has been lower among epilepsy patients than in the rest of the population. However, conflicting results have also been reported. Because of small samples and selective material, the ge...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwh140
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::During late 1977 and early 1978, 192 cases of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis occurred in a community in central Georgia. In 86 of these cases, the patient had been exposed to a single ophthalmologist's office (physician A) 3-22 days before onset of illness. Patients considered as cases were more likely to have had inva...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113064
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association of serum selenium with the subsequent risk of death from cancer was investigated in a case-control study that was nested in a prospective nine-year follow-up study in the Netherlands. In 1975-1978, 10,532 persons in the Dutch town of Zoetermeer who were aged five years or more participated in a medical...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114493
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Family studies of exceptional longevity can potentially identify genetic and other factors contributing to long life and healthy aging. Although such studies seek families that are exceptionally long lived, they also need living members who can provide DNA and phenotype information. On the basis of these consideration...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp309
更新日期:2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors studied immune response and exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) among veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the US Air Force unit responsible for the aerial spraying of herbicides in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. A comparison group of Air Force veterans who served in Southeast Asia but were n...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009749
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have suggested that bone mineral density (BMD) is related to risk of breast cancer in elderly women. This study investigated whether the level of breast cancer risk associated with BMD in women with a positive family history of breast cancer is different from that in women without a family history of br...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009554
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::What is the influence of various methods of handling missing data (complete case analyses, single imputation within and over trials, and multiple imputations within and over trials) on the subgroup effects of individual patient data meta-analyses? An empirical data set was used to compare these five methods regarding ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm341
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Longitudinal cohort studies normally identify and adjudicate incident events detected during follow-up by retrieving medical records. There are several reasons why the adjudication process may not be successfully completed for a suspected event including the inability to retrieve medical records from hospitals and an ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr155
更新日期:2011-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::This paper introduces the projection methods for describing and testing the differences between pairs of continuous distributions. These methods include the projection plot, the projection spline, and the iter-1 test. The projection plot displays the difference between corresponding quantiles against the average of th...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009234
更新日期:1997-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::An increased risk of death in persons who have suffered spousal bereavement has been described in many populations. The impact of modifying factors, such as chronic disease and material circumstances, is less well understood. The authors followed 171,720 [corrected] couples 60 years of age or older in a United Kingdom...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws162
更新日期:2012-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The extension of case-control methods to the study of common outcomes has led to the development of several design and analysis techniques which do not employ the rare-disease assumption. Unfortunately, the principles underlying valid application of these techniques are more subtle than those first considered by Cornf...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114476
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present analysis was to use longitudinal data collected over 7 years (from 4 surveys) in the Residential Environments (RESIDE) Study (Perth, Australia, 2003-2012) to more carefully examine the relationship of neighborhood walkability and destination accessibility with walking for transportation that...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu171
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a relation between male exposure to pesticides and the amount of time needed to conceive (time to pregnancy) for farmers and agricultural workers in France and Denmark. The authors used retrospective studies to compare the time to pregnancy of couples in which t...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009975
更新日期:1999-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are usually the preferred strategy with which to generate evidence of comparative effectiveness, but conducting an RCT is not always feasible. Though observational studies and RCTs often provide comparable estimates, the questioning of observational analyses has recently intensified b...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr301
更新日期:2012-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Iron, potassium, zinc, and other minerals might impact the development of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) through multiple mechanisms, but few studies have evaluated these relations. We conducted a case-control study nested within the prospective Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2001). Participants were free from PMS at base...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws363
更新日期:2013-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the reasons for the recent decline in coronary heart disease death rates in New Zealand, a register of definite myocardial infarction and sudden death was established in the Auckland region (1981 population 829,464). Both routine and nonroutine case finding sources were used and event rates for the 12 month...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113884
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study prospectively evaluated psychosocial as well as biologic, behavioral, and demographic factors in the development of duodenal ulcer. Baseline data were collected in 1963 on 8,458 Israeli men over age 40 years who had no history of duodenal ulcer. The subjects were followed for 5 years, and 254 reported the d...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116436
更新日期:1992-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic studies suggest positive associations between poor oral health and cardiovascular disease. The authors undertook a prospective study among 15,273 Swedish twins (1963-2000) to examine whether genetic factors underlying the 2 diseases could explain previous associations. They estimated hazard ratios and 95...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp177
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relation of oral contraceptive (OC) use to the risk of hospitalization for myocardial infarction (MI) was evaluated among 121,964 US nurses who responded to a mail questionnaire. There were 156 women who reported having been hospitalized for MI before the menopause, and 23 (15%) were OC users at the time of the MI...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112874
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Controlling for body size and composition, the authors examined the association between estrogen therapy and bone mineral density in older African-American and Caucasian women. In 1992-1998, 443 African-American and 989 Caucasian women aged 45-87 years were assessed for medication use, laboratory variables, behavioral...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp460
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 1997 redesign of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) affected US childhood asthma prevalence estimates. The 1997 asthma attack prevalence estimate for children 0-17 years was 5.4%. Pre-redesign NHIS childhood asthma period prevalence estimates peaked in 1995 at 7.5%. It is unclear whether the difference re...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg109
更新日期:2003-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Between January 1 and March 15, 1974, approximately 1200 cases of acute gastrointestinal illness occurred in Richmond Heights, Florida, a residential community of 6500 in south Dade County. Over one-third of all families in the area had at least one member affected. The findings of 10 culture-proven cases of shigellos...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112238
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clustering of premature mortality was investigated in 1,761 insulin-dependent diabetics and their family members from the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Registry from 1950-1981. At follow-up, 5% of the mothers and 13% of the fathers were deceased. Life table analyses revealed...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115187
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The "fetuses at risk" concept of gestational-age-specific mortality proposed by Yudkin et al. (Lancet 1987;1:1192-4) and extended by various researchers is becoming popular in perinatal and pediatric epidemiology. However, the definitions using this concept have led to a puzzling phenomenon in which mortality rates ap...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwh202
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors sought to assess the reliability and validity of two motion activity sensors in the prediction of observed physical activity levels in adults and children by means of two studies at North Dakota State University in Fargo, North Dakota. In study 1, 50 adults were observed in fall 1984 for one hour of recrea...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114121
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Worldwide, 1-4 per 1,000 births are affected by clubfoot. Clubfoot etiology is unclear, but both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved. Low folate status in pregnant women has been implicated in several congenital malformations, and folate metabolism may be affected by polymorphisms in the methy...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj285
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immigration from high prevalence areas may contribute to an increased risk of tuberculosis in Europe. This study aimed at quantifying transmission of tuberculosis between and within nationalities among residents of the Netherlands. DNA "fingerprints," on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphism using mark...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009433
更新日期:1998-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors performed a meta-analysis to estimate the magnitude of polymorphism effects for the complement component C3 gene (C3) and their possible mode of action on age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The meta-analysis included 16 and 7 studies for rs2230199 and rs1047286, respectively. Data extraction and risk ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr025
更新日期:2011-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous reports have shown that peptic ulcer mortality follows birth cohorts. To the authors' knowledge, temporal variation in ulcer incidence has not been studied. Therefore, they present incidence data for a defined area of western Norway where 1,312 patients born between 1845 and 1975 were treated for ulcer perfor...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117519
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00