Abstract:
:Microstimulation within the motor regions of the spinal cord is often assumed to activate motoneurons and propriospinal neurons close to the electrode tip. However, previous work has shown that intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) in the gray matter activates sensory afferent axons as well as alpha-motoneurons (MNs). Here we report on the recruitment of sensory afferent axons and MNs as ISMS amplitudes increased. Intraspinal microstimulation was applied through microwires implanted in the dorsal horn, intermediate region and ventral horn of the L(5)-L(7) segments of the spinal cord in four acutely decerebrated cats, two of which had been chronically spinalized. Activation of sensory axons was detected with electroneurographic recordings from dorsal roots. Activation of MNs was detected with electromyographic (EMG) recordings from hindlimb muscles. Sensory axons were nearly always activated at lower stimulus levels than MNs irrespective of the stimulating electrode location. EMG response latencies decreased as ISMS stimulus intensities increased, suggesting that MNs were first activated transsynaptically and then directly as intensity increased. ISMS elicited antidromic activity in dorsal root filaments with entry zones up to 17 mm rostral and caudal to the stimulation sites. We posit that action potentials elicited in localized terminal branches of afferents spread antidromically to all terminal branches of the afferents and transsynaptically excite MNs and interneurons far removed from the stimulation site. This may help explain how focal ISMS can activate many MNs of a muscle even though they are distributed in long thin columns.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Gaunt RA,Prochazka A,Mushahwar VK,Guevremont L,Ellaway PHdoi
10.1152/jn.00061.2006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-12-01 00:00:00pages
2995-3005issue
6eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598pii
00061.2006journal_volume
96pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Astrocyte-derived lactate supports pathologically enhanced neuronal metabolism, but its role under physiological conditions is still a matter of debate. Here, we determined the contribution of astrocytic neuronal lactate shuttle for maintenance of ion homeostasis and energy metabolism. We tested for the effects of α-c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00327.2016
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Intracellular recordings near the output terminals of an identified interneuron (the descending contralateral movement detector, DCMD) in the locust revealed the occurrence of depolarizing synaptic potentials. These presynaptic depolarizing potentials were evoked by spikes in both DCMDs, by auditory stimuli, and by...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1981.45.3.501
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing use of transgenic mice for the study of pain mechanisms necessitates comprehensive understanding of the murine somatosensory system. Using an in vivo mouse preparation, we studied response properties of tibial nerve afferent fibers innervating glabrous skin. Recordings were obtained from 225 fibers iden...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.4.1561
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the mammalian vestibular periphery, electrical activation of the efferent vestibular system (EVS) has two effects on afferent activity: 1) it increases background afferent discharge and 2) decreases afferent sensitivity to rotational stimuli. Although the cellular mechanisms underlying these two contrasting afferen...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00030.2017
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is commonly used in animals to mimic ocular inflammation in humans. Although the peripheral aspects of EIU have been well studied, little is known of the central neural effects of anterior eye inflammation. EIU was induced in male rats by endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg ip...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00616.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Neuronlike differentiation of Y-79 retinoblastoma was chemically induced in vitro, by plating the cells onto a poly-D-lysine and laminin substrate. The changes in voltage-dependent conductances after 48-72 h were examined with the whole-cell tight-seal and the perforated-patch recording techniques. 2. Although outw...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.4.1487
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of inhibitory amino acid transmitters on horizontal cells in the superfused amphibian retina were studied by the use of conventional intracellular recording techniques. 2. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) caused a calcium-independent depolarization of horizontal cells in mud puppy and tiger salamander. Th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.65.3.680
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The generation of a behaviorally relevant cue to the speed of objects around us is critical to our ability to navigate safely within our environment. However, our perception of speed is often distorted by prevailing conditions. For instance, as luminance is reduced, our perception of the speed of fast-moving patterns ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00359.2012
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hippocampal interneurons are excited via serotonin-gated ion channels. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2493-2502, 1997. Serotonergic neurons of the median raphe nucleus heavily innervate hippocampal GABAergic interneurons located in stratum radiatum of area CA1, suggesting that this strong subcortical projection may modulate int...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.5.2493
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic interactions between nearby excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the neocortex are thought to play fundamental roles in sensory processing. Here, we have combined optogenetic stimulation, whole cell recordings, and computational modeling to define key functional microcircuits within layer 2/3 of mouse primary...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00917.2011
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Robust auditory perception plays a pivotal function for processing behaviorally relevant sounds, particularly with distractions from the environment. The neuronal coding enabling this ability, however, is still not well understood. In this study, we recorded single-unit activity from the primary auditory cortex (A1) o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00476.2016
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The whole cell patch-clamp technique in combination with the slice preparation was used to investigate the electrophysiological properties of pigeon semicircular canal sensory and supporting cells. These properties were also characterized in regenerating neuroepithelia of pigeons preinjected with streptomycin to kill ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.4.1913
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined whether presenting an odor with a positive, neutral, or negative name would influence how people perceive it. In experiment 1, 40 participants rated 15 odors for their pleasantness, intensity, and arousal. In experiment 2, 30 participants passively smelled 10 odors while their skin conductance (SC), heart ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00896.2007
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multisite optical recording has revealed that the neural excitation wave induced by a sensory stimulation begins at a focus and propagates in the cortex. This wave is considered to be important for computation in the sensory cortex, particularly the integration of sensory information; however, the nature of this wave ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00904.2017
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutamate is the primary excitatory transmitter in axons innervating the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and is responsible for light-induced phase shifts of circadian rhythms generated by the SCN. By using self-innervating single neuron cultures and patch-clamp electrophysiology, we studied metabotropic gl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.4.1932
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We studied the frequency responses of neurons in the nucleus ovoidalis (OV), the principal thalamic auditory relay nucleus of the chicken, in the subthreshold range of membrane potentials. The frequency response is the impedance amplitude profile evident in the voltage response to a broadband stimulus. The stimulus...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.4.1361
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathologic reorganization of spinal networks and activity-dependent plasticity are common neuronal adaptations after spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans. In this work, we examined changes of reciprocal Ia and nonreciprocal Ib inhibition after locomotor training in 16 people with chronic SCI. The soleus H-reflex depress...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00872.2014
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The functional significance of vestibular information for the generation of gaze shifts is controversial and less well established than the vestibular contribution to gaze stability. In this study, we asked seven bilaterally avestibular patients to execute voluntary, whole body pivot turns to visual targets up to 180°...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00343.2019
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::L-type calcium channels couple membrane depolarization in neurons to numerous processes including gene expression, synaptic efficacy, and cell survival. To establish the contribution of L-type calcium channels to various signaling cascades, investigators have relied on their unique pharmacological sensitivity to dihyd...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.00486.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A brain slice preparation from guinea pigs and intracellular recording techniques were used to examine the effects of carbachol application on the three classes (A, B, and C) of neurons (n = 68, 40 of class A, 12 of class B, 16 of class C) within the mediolateral part of the lateral septum (LSml). Bath application of ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.3.1042
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::When a movement results in error, the nervous system amends the motor commands that generate the subsequent movement. Here we show that this adaptation depends not just on error, but also on passage of time between the two movements. We observed that subjects learned a reaching task faster, i.e., with fewer trials, wh...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01281.2006
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical and experimental research has demonstrated that the emotional experience of fear and anxiety impairs postural stability in humans. The current study investigated whether changes in fear and anxiety can also modulate spinal stretch reflexes and the gain of afferent inputs to the primary somatosensory cortex. T...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01030.2010
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. To test whether the cerebellum is involved in compensating for orbital nonlinearities, we recorded discharges of saccadic burst neurons in the fastigial oculomotor region (FOR) during both centrifugal and centripetal saccades in two trained macaque monkeys. 2. We also investigated the metrics of centrifugal and cen...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.5.1976
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to compare the discharge characteristics of motor units recruited during an isometric contraction that was sustained with the elbow flexor muscles by older adults at target forces that were less than the recruitment threshold force of each isolated motor unit. The discharge times of 27 si...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00841.2010
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Persistent inward currents are important to motoneuron excitability and firing behaviors and also have been implicated in excitotoxicity. In particular, L-type Ca2+ channels, usually located on motoneuron dendrites, play a primary role in amplification of synaptic inputs. However, recent experimental findings on L-typ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00169.2020
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The magnitude of postsynaptic Ca(2+) transients is thought to affect activity-dependent synaptic plasticity associated with learning and memory. Large Ca(2+) transients have been implicated in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), while smaller Ca(2+) transients have been associated with long-term depression ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.1.399
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interjoint reflex function of the insect leg contributes to postural control at rest or to movement control during locomotor movements. In the stick insect (Carausius morosus), we investigated the role that sensory signals from the femoral chordotonal organ (fCO), the transducer of the femur-tibia (FT) joint, play in ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.4.1856
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic currents are frequently assumed to make a major contribution to the extracellular field potential (EFP). However, in any neuronal population, the explicit separation of synaptic sources from other contributions such as postsynaptic spikes remains a challenge. Here we take advantage of the simple organization ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00648.2017
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans and songbirds shape learned vocalizations during a sensorimotor sensitive period or "babbling" phase. The brain mechanisms that underlie the shaping of vocalizations by sensory feedback are not known. We examined song behavior and brain activity in zebra finches during singing as they actively shaped their song...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00907.2006
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The homeostatic model of delta sleep has provided a useful framework for basic sleep research. This model is based on the relation of delta EEG to the duration of prior waking in man, a relation highlighted by the marked increase (rebound) in the delta EEG of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep that follows total sl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.6.2695
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00