Abstract：
:Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dry eyes (keratoconjunctivis sicca) and dry mouth (xerostomia). To fulfill diagnostic criteria, patients must have objective signs of dryness on examination and laboratory confirmation of an autoimmune process as evidenced by a positive autoantibody to SS-A antigen or a characteristic lip biopsy. SS may exist as a primary condition or in association with other systemic autoimmune disorders (termed secondary SS) such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), or dermatomyositis. Exclusions to the diagnosis include pre-existing lymphoma, hepatitis C or HIV infection. Pathogenesis involves both genetic (especially HLA-DR) and environmental factors. Both T-cells and B-cells are involved in the generation of cytokines and chemokines within the glands. The epithelial cells of the glands also play a role in pathogenesis. The dermatologic manifestations range from drynessness (sicca) and its complications to vasculitis. There is a significant overlap in the clinical manifestations, as well as treatment, of SS and SLE. However, SS patients require special attention to the complications of ocular dryness (keratocojunctivitis sicca and blepharitis) and oral dryness (rapid tooth loss and oral candidiasis) SS patients have a markedly increased risk of lymphoma and enlarged lymph nodes or persistently enlarged parotid/submandibular glands that require further evaluation.
journal_name
Clin Dermatoljournal_title
Clinics in dermatologyauthors
Fox RI,Liu AYdoi
10.1016/j.clindermatol.2006.07.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-09-01 00:00:00pages
393-413issue
5eissn
0738-081Xissn
1879-1131pii
S0738-081X(06)00097-6journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:There is a high demand for facial aesthetic enhancement, and the periorbital region is one of the first areas to show signs of aging. Many nonsurgical therapies exist to tackle these problems. These therapies are becoming more efficacious while reducing postprocedural recovery time. The goal is to restore the natural ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.10.012
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bites, stings and infestations can be fatal. Anaphylaxis to vespids and bees can be prevented with immunotherapy. Patients should be referred to an allergist. The acute care and prevention of arthropod injury is discussed below. ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.06.010
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hand dermatitis is a common diagnosis seen in dermatologic and general practice. It can present with typical morphology, but uncommon manifestations are possible. This review reports on common and uncommon presentations of irritant and allergic hand dermatitis focusing on uncommon localizations, time course, and morph...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2005.01.011
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pediatric melanoma is rare but increasing in incidence. Because early diagnosis and treatment improves prognosis, clinicians need to include it as a possible diagnosis when evaluating a pigmented lesion in a pediatric patient. Some risk factors for melanoma include xeroderma pigmentosum, giant congenital melanocytic n...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.09.011
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The elderly population is growing, lifespans are increasing, and a greater emphasis on geriatric care is being implemented in hospital systems. With a higher percentage of the population living longer, hair and nail diseases associated with the advanced stages of life are becoming more prevalent. Common hair diseases ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.10.007
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicles that affects patients of all ages, from neonates to adults. We have compared and contrasted the clinical presentation of acne in neonates, infants, children, teenagers, and young adults and review the scenarios in which further systemic endo...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.07.005
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Formulating at acidic pH is a route to improve the chemical or biological stability and the performances of cosmeceuticals. Unfortunately, its potential is limited by the poor differentiation of available acidic agents, and by the risk of skin irritation. Recently, a perfluoropolyether phosphate was proposed to formul...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.04.005
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethical issues commonly arise in inpatient dermatology consultations. We describe the case of an inpatient suffering from a severe, undiagnosable skin condition that raises key principles of medical ethics. The four principles include autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. Ethical situations faced by inpa...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.06.019
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cutaneous zygomycosis is a fungal infection caused by zygomycetes that affects the skin. It occurs in uncontrolled diabetic patients and immunosuppressed individuals. It has 2 clinical forms: primary cutaneous zygomycosis and secondary cutaneous zygomycosis. The first is characterized by necrotic lesions and the fungu...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.09.013
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by substantial psychiatric comorbidity. Historically, anecdotal observations have suggested that psychosocial distress can trigger flares of psoriasis, but over the past several decades, high-quality data from experimental studies support the assertion that st...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.08.009
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Decorative tattoo is a popular practice that is generally safe when performed in the professional setting but can be associated with a variety of inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic complications, risks that may be increased with current trends in home tattooing. Modern tattoo inks contain azo dyes and are often ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.07.003
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:White diseases are a heterogenous group characterized by hypopigmentation or depigmentation. Skin and eye color are determined by the number and size of melanosomes present. Melanin is produced by melanosomes in the melanocytes present within the epidermis of the skin, uvea, and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). Con...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.07.018
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is an almost innate urge in human beings to represent reality in a visual form. From rock art in the Paleolithic to images of galaxies, the quotidian and the extraordinary have been visually represented through the ages. Medical and scientific disciplines are no exception. Accurate representation of the human bo...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.09.008
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The deeply rooted fascination with beauty penetrates society worldwide. The indulgence to look and feel beautiful pervades all ages, genders, and nationalities, with research conferring a remarkable tendency to agree on measures of attractiveness among these disparate groups. Research has found that beautiful people d...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.04.006
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the development of laboratory methods, dermatological symptoms are a basic index of the presence and physical course of HIV infection. HIV infection usually undergoes a long latent period, proceeds to a period of immunodeficiency-related symptoms, and ends in an advanced immunodeficiency state characterized by...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.07.007
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dermatologic manifestations of parathyroid-related disorders, although rare in sporadic cases, are not uncommon in familial syndromes. Patients with familial hyperparathyroidism have several types of skin lesions. In multiple endocrine neoplasia 1, patients commonly have angiofibromas (85%) and collagenomas (70%), les...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2006.04.003
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monitoring patients on therapy consists of 2 parts: evaluation of response and mitigation of risk. Biologics for the treatment of psoriasis are no different. Although laboratory assessments are sometimes necessary, the key elements to appropriate monitoring are clinical assessments and vigilant reinforcement of signs ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.11.001
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin allografts were first used at the end of the last century by Girdner [Girdner JH. Skin grafting with graft taken from the dead subject. Med Rec (NY) 1881;20:119-20]; however, routine storage of human tissue developed only in the 1930s to 1940s [Webster JP. Refrigerated skin grafts. Ann Surg 1944;120:431-49] when ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.07.016
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CAMRSA) infection is currently a problem of epidemic proportion. Athletes represent a specific group of individuals who are at increased risk to develop CAMRSA skin infections. In this article, the previously published reports of cutaneous CAMRSA infectio...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.10.006
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The introduction of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been an important development in the management of malignant melanoma. Lymph nodes have long been known to play a key role in melanoma metastasis. The importance of nodal staging accounted for the previous surgical practice of elective lymph node dissection (EL...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2003.12.011
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin health depends on an intact barrier composed of protein-rich corneocytes surrounded by the lamellar intercellular lipids. This barrier provides waterproof protection for the body, preventing infection, regulating electrolyte balance, maintaining body temperature, and providing a mechanism for sensation. Damage to...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.08.018
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolic syndrome (MetS) or insulin resistance syndrome is a constellation of obesity-related metabolic derangements predisposing to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In 1998, WHO defined the first criteria of MetS. Three years later, the user-friendly National Cholesterol Education Program criteria of ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.09.002
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Different physical treatments may be used in acne therapy. The main indications are for treating retentional lesions (open and comedones), inflamed lesions, and scars. ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.03.017
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most neoplasms of the nail apparatus have different clinical appearances, courses, and biological behaviors as compared with similar tumors located elsewhere on the skin. Some of these tumors are unique to the nail, such as onychomatricoma. As a general rule, benign lesions respect the general architecture of the nail...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.06.014
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A red swollen face can be a skin sign of a potentially life-threatening condition. We present in detail the main clinical presentations, diagnostic tests, and management of some of the most severe conditions that can frequently present as a red and swollen face: acute or recurrent angioedema, mast cell-driven or brady...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.017
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paraviral eruptions, such as the papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome or eruptive pseudoangiomatosis, share the following features that distinguish them from a classic viral eruption: they are highly recognizable; the eruption usually lasts a few weeks; many different viruses and sometimes other agents can trigg...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.06.005
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recognition of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic tool has revolutionized the approach to facial esthetics. In the 1970s, Dr. Alan B. Scott pioneered the use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) for strabismus. This discovery led to further studies examining other clinical applications of BTX-A and, more recently, botu...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2003.11.009
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nail surgery is a special branch of hand and dermatologic surgery. It is not widely performed, and many physicians do not feel at ease to perform it. The objective of this contribution is to give a short overview of the most important surgical procedures in clinical practice. References from the literature and the aut...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.06.012
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are clearly responsible for the induction of genital lesions like condylomata acuminata, bowenoid papules, and flat condylomas. Moreover, the DNA of particular virus types (HPV 16 and 18) is found in a substantial number of invasively growing squamous cell carcinomas of the genital tract, ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0738-081x(85)90056-2
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lip plates are a form of body modification practiced today by several tribes in Africa and Amazonia. In 1930, the American people were introduced to lip plates in a most spectacular fashion, when the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus brought in 13 Congolese natives to star as the newest attraction in their sid...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.08.001
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
