Iatrogenic nutritional deficiencies.

abstract：:How much vitamin E is enough? An established use of supplemental vitamin E in humans is in the prevention and therapy of deficiency symptoms. The cause of vitamin E deficiency, characterized by peripheral neuropathy and ataxia, is usually malabsorption-a result of fat malabsorption or genetic abnormalities in lipoprot...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Traber MG,Sies H

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) has received much attention in recent years. However, it started about a century ago with the observation that oligosaccharides might be growth factors for a so-called bifidus flora in breast-fed infants and extends to the recent finding of cell adhesion molecules in huma...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Kunz C,Rudloff S,Baier W,Klein N,Strobel S

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past, alcoholic liver disease was attributed exclusively to dietary deficiencies, but experimental and judicious clinical studies have now established alcohol's hepatotoxicity. Despite an adequate diet, it can contribute to the entire spectrum of liver diseases, mainly by generating oxidative stress through its...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Lieber CS

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a growing view that certain foods, particularly those high in refined sugars and fats, are addictive and that some forms of obesity can usefully be treated as a food addiction. This perspective is supported by a growing body of neuroscience research demonstrating that the chronic consumption of energy-dense f...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Carter A,Hendrikse J,Lee N,Yücel M,Verdejo-Garcia A,Andrews ZB,Hall W

更新日期：2016-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The "fetal origins" hypothesis postulates that conditions, most likely nutritional, "program" the fetus for the development of chronic diseases in adulthood. Associations between the newborn's size at birth and various determinants or consequences of chronic diseases have been identified in many, but not all, of the a...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Rasmussen KM

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than one million Americans were expected to be diagnosed with cancer in 2003 (7a). Compelling experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence indicates that many cancers are preventable, especially because diet and nutrition are key factors in the modulation of cancer risk. The road to nutritional interventi...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Forman MR,Hursting SD,Umar A,Barrett JC

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a great deal of interest in personalized, individualized, or precision interventions for disease and health-risk mitigation. This is as true of nutrition-based intervention and prevention strategies as it is for pharmacotherapies and pharmaceutical-oriented prevention strategies. Essentially, technological br...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Schork NJ,Goetz LH

更新日期：2017-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipolysis of white adipose tissue triacylglycerol stores results in the liberation of glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids that are released into the vasculature for use by other organs as energy substrates. In response to changes in nutritional state, lipolysis rates are precisely regulated through hormonal and bio...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Duncan RE,Ahmadian M,Jaworski K,Sarkadi-Nagy E,Sul HS

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent throughout the world, and growing evidence supports a requirement for optimal vitamin D levels for the healthy developing and adult brain. Vitamin D has important roles in proliferation and differentiation, calcium signaling within the brain, and neurotrophic and neuroprotective actio...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Groves NJ,McGrath JJ,Burne TH

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thirty years ago, it was suggested that maternal intake of certain vitamins during pregnancy affected the incidence of serious fetal malformations. Subsequent research has revealed that folate (folic acid), a B vitamin, plays a crucial role in the development of the central nervous system during the early weeks of ges...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Butterworth CE Jr,Bendich A

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some of us who were born in the middle of Europe between World Wars I and II had to face quite a few unusual challenges that we all met in different ways. I was born and raised in Prague, Czechoslovakia, a country at the time of my birth that was governed by a Western style of democracy, which was later destroyed by t...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Chytil F

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Caloric restriction (CR), the consumption of fewer calories without malnutrition, and reduced insulin and/or IGFI receptor signaling delay many age-related physiological changes and extend the lifespan of many model organisms. Here, we present and review microarray and biochemical studies indicating that the potent an...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Spindler SR,Dhahbi JM

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary proteins and amino acids are important modulators of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Although high intake of dietary proteins has positive effects on energy homeostasis by inducing satiety and possibly increasing energy expenditure, it has detrimental effects on glucose homeostasis by promoting ins...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Tremblay F,Lavigne C,Jacques H,Marette A

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans fatty acids raise plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in volunteers when exchanged for cis unsaturated fatty acids in the diet. In addition, trans fatty acids may lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and raise triglyceride and lipoprotein(a) levels in plasma. Trans and cis ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Katan MB,Zock PL,Mensink RP

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It appears that specific functions may be assigned to some of the cellular folate binding proteins with some degree of certainty. Those that are membrane bound or derived from membranes probably have a role in transport of folate molecules into the cell. This is in spite of the fact that the localization of this prote...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wagner C

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The field of nutrigenomics shows tremendous promise for improved understanding of the effects of dietary intake on health. The knowledge that metabolic pathways may be altered in individuals with genetic variants in the presence of certain dietary exposures offers great potential for personalized nutrition advice. How...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Tucker KL,Smith CE,Lai CQ,Ordovas JM

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is now recognized as a serious chronic disease, but there is pessimism about how successful treatment can be. A general perception is that almost no one succeeds in long-term maintenance of weight loss. To define long-term weight loss success, we need an accepted definition. We propose defining successful long...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wing RR,Hill JO

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Taste is a chemical sense that aids in the detection of nutrients and guides food choice. A limited number of primary qualities comprise taste. Accumulating evidence has raised a question about whether fat should be among them. Most evidence indicates triacylglycerol is not an effective taste stimulus, though it clear...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Mattes RD

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia develops in white adipose tissue in obese mice, resulting in changes in adipocyte function that may underpin the dysregulation that leads to obesity-associated disorders. Whether hypoxia occurs in adipose tissue in human obesity is unclear, with recent studies contradicting earlier reports that this was the ca...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Trayhurn P

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the recent resurgence of interest in the clinical uses of vitamin E, one of the major foci of attention has been the neurologic role of vitamin E in humans. Studies in patients with secondary vitamin E deficiency, caused by fat malabsorption disorders and total parenteral nutrition lacking an adequate supply of...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Sokol RJ

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are abundant intracellular proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids with high affinity. Nine separate mammalian FABPs have been identified, and their tertiary structures are highly conserved. The FABPs have unique tissue-specific distributions that have long suggested functional di...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Storch J,Corsico B

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of multiple selenoproteins has raised tantalizing questions about their role in maintaining normal cellular function. Unfortunately, many of these remain inadequately investigated. While they have a role in maintaining redox balance, other functions are becoming increasingly recognized. As the roles of t...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Davis CD,Tsuji PA,Milner JA

更新日期：2012-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:High sugar intake may increase cancer risk by promoting insulin-glucose dysregulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and body adiposity, but epidemiologic evidence is unclear. Associations between dietary sugars and lifestyle-related cancer risk from longitudinal studies were evaluated. We systematically searched Pu...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Makarem N,Bandera EV,Nicholson JM,Parekh N

更新日期：2018-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Apart from being an important macronutrient, dietary fat has recently gained much prominence for its role in regulating gene expression. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect gene expression through various mechanisms including, but not limited to, changes in membrane composition, intracellular calcium levels, an...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Sampath H,Ntambi JM

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research describing fatty acids as modulators of inflammation and immune responses abounds. Many of these studies have focused on one particular group of fatty acids, omega-3. The data from animal studies have shown that these fatty acids can have powerful anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities in a wide ar...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Fritsche K

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is clear that many diseases are known to involve defects in vitamin B6 metabolism, but that even more await definitive studies. Furthermore, some functions of vitamin B6, such as its role in glucocorticoid action (21), have been discovered so recently that the medical implications have not yet been fully explored. ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Merrill AH Jr,Henderson JM

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tentative qualitative and quantitative amino acid requirements have been reported for the major species of fish reared for market or as replacement stocks for natural waters. Most work has concentrated upon juvenile fish or upon rapidly growing young market fish; these have high protein dietary requirements (30-50%) t...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wilson RP

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Maternal micronutrient requirements during pregnancy increase to meet the physiologic changes in gestation and fetal demands for growth and development. Maternal micronutrient deficiencies are high and coexist in many settings, likely influencing birth and newborn outcomes. The only recommendation for pregnancy curren...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Christian P

更新日期：2010-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Birth and adaptation to extrauterine life involve major shifts in the protein and energy metabolism of the human newborn. These include a shift from a state of continuous supply of nutrients including amino acids from the mother to cyclic periodic oral intake, a change in the redox state of organs, thermogenesis, and ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Kalhan SC,Bier DM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most severe congenital malformations of the central nervous system. The etiology is complex, with both genetic and environmental factors having important contributions. Researchers have known for the past two decades that maternal periconceptional use of the B vitamin folic acid can ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Molloy AM,Pangilinan F,Brody LC

更新日期：2017-08-21 00:00:00